Marcos Pereira, Leonardo Carneiro de Araújo, Robert Aldo Iquiapaza
{"title":"Cointegração e previsibilidade de abordagens VECM para o Ibovespa","authors":"Marcos Pereira, Leonardo Carneiro de Araújo, Robert Aldo Iquiapaza","doi":"10.12660/rbfin.v18n2.2020.79162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12660/rbfin.v18n2.2020.79162","url":null,"abstract":"The present research compares multivariate models applied to the IBovespa time series analysis. Macroeconomic variables, commodities and market indices are regressors suggested by the literature. The chosen approach uses a vector error correction model (VECM) alongside unit root and cointegration tests, robust under heteroskedasticity. The impact of national and international economic instability was controlled. To accomplish this, recessive cycles, in Brazil or in the United States, and the Brazilian electoral period were taken into account. In general, the evaluated models failed to meet the estimation’s assumptions, have low explanatory power and do not present significant relationship between IBOVESPA and dependent variables. However, evidence indicates that long-term relationships could exist, although this may not imply accuracy in short-term predictions.","PeriodicalId":152637,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Review of Finance","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131843123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"New evidence on the effectiveness of interventions in the foreign exchange market in Brazil","authors":"F. Oliveira","doi":"10.12660/rbfin.v18n2.2020.80115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12660/rbfin.v18n2.2020.80115","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the effectiveness in Brazil of the traditional instrument of exchange rate intervention (spot interventions) as well as an instrument based on exchange rate derivatives (foreign exchange swaps). We show that these instruments are capable of affecting the conditional mean of the process of the nominal exchange rate throughout our sample period, from January 2006 to April 2016. Our results are robust to different techniques of estimation (GMM in continuous time and in discrete time), specifications and sample periods.","PeriodicalId":152637,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Review of Finance","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122126135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Composite leading indicators of economic activity: An application to the upstream oil and gas industry in Rio de Janeiro","authors":"Rafael Gonçalves Patrocínio, Jéfferson A. Colombo","doi":"10.12660/rbfin.v18n2.2020.81097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12660/rbfin.v18n2.2020.81097","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a monthly composite leading indicator to anticipate turning points in the economic activity of the upstream oil and gas industry in Rio de Janeiro, from January 2002 to May 2019. Firstly, we build a database with 61 series, and categorize each of them into i) rapidly responsive to economic activities; ii) expectation-sensitive; or iii) prime movers indicators. Afterward, we remove the seasonality of the series through the X-13 ARIMA-SEATS method and use the Bry-Boschan algorithm to identify the cycles. Then, we evaluate the components’ fit to integrate the composite leading indicator through four statistical tests: cross-correlation, quadratic probability score, Granger causality, and probit. The assessment of the composite leading indicator demonstrates that it leads 67% of the peaks and 100% of the troughs in the target series (5/6 of the turning points). Furthermore, the average leading period is 8.4 months, while the median is 9 and the standard error is 2.8 months. We contribute to the literature by creating, to our knowledge, the first leading indicator for the oil and gas industry in Brazil.","PeriodicalId":152637,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Review of Finance","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125005979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. E. Ribeiro, Antônio Artur de Souza, E. D. A. Moraes
{"title":"The risk of asymmetric information on the liquidity of agricultural commodities futures contracts","authors":"J. E. Ribeiro, Antônio Artur de Souza, E. D. A. Moraes","doi":"10.12660/RBFIN.V18N2.2020.81072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12660/RBFIN.V18N2.2020.81072","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of the risk of informational asymmetry on the liquidity of agricultural commodity futures contracts traded on B3. To this end, we examine intraday negotiations of the commodities Live Cattle, Arabica Coffee, Corn, and Soybeans from December 1, 2018 to November 30, 2019. We carry out the analysis using a panel regression model. We use spread as a proxy for liquidity, VPIN as a proxy for the probability of informational asymmetry and, as control variables, the number of trades, volume traded, and volatility. Our results show that the regressors explain 43.08% of the spread variation. In addition, there is a positive relationship between the risk of trading with informational asymmetry and market liquidity, in contrast with the extant results in the literature.","PeriodicalId":152637,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Review of Finance","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125539928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Board of directors, performance and firm value in Brazilian listed state-owned enterprises","authors":"C. Coletta, R. A. Lima","doi":"10.12660/rbfin.v18n2.2020.80898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12660/rbfin.v18n2.2020.80898","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the relationship between the board of directors' structure and firm performance and the value of Brazilian listed state-owned enterprises (SOEs), from 2002 to 2017, totaling 327 observations using an unbalanced panel data with fixed and random effects regressions. The evolution of corporate governance practices adopted by the boards is presented for this period, using a Board Structure Index (BSI). The results indicate a significant positive relation between the board's structure and firm performance, measured by ROE and ROA, and firm value, measured by Tobin's q . These findings are consistent with corporate governance literature, in the sense that the board's role of monitoring management reduces agency conflicts. The results also show an improvement in adopting corporate governance practice on Brazilian SOEs' boards over the last decade.","PeriodicalId":152637,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Review of Finance","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129218070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Seleção de Carteiras: Escolha entre modelos baseada em persistência de performance","authors":"Ricardo de Souza Tavares, João Frois Caldeira","doi":"10.12660/rbfin.v18n1.2020.80598","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12660/rbfin.v18n1.2020.80598","url":null,"abstract":"This essay presents an alternative to the problem of choosing between strategies for building investment portfolios. We propose a new portfolio selection procedure, dividing the sample into three equal parts (for estimations initiations, training, and evaluation outside the sample) in which, at each point of time, the strategy with the best performance is chosen in a window of p recent observations for a given criterion. We considered as criteria the mean, variance, and Sharpe ratio, aiming to construct sequences of allocation choices that best adapted to the different contexts and databases analyzed. Results indicate that the suggested approach was capable of generating allocation sequences with good performance in terms of average return and Sharpe ratio.","PeriodicalId":152637,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Review of Finance","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129814953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fernando Correa Ferreira Filho, D. Monte-mor, F. Damasceno
{"title":"The attractiveness of investments in railways in Brazil","authors":"Fernando Correa Ferreira Filho, D. Monte-mor, F. Damasceno","doi":"10.12660/rbfin.v18n1.2020.80873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12660/rbfin.v18n1.2020.80873","url":null,"abstract":"We analyze the main factors influencing the attractiveness of public-private partnerships (PPP) applied to Brazil. Considering the Brazilian regulatory framework, the risks involved in a railroad PPP in Brazil are quantified and the attractiveness of this investment is evaluated through Monte Carlo simulations. Results suggest that Capex and regulatory risks are the main obstacles to PPP projects in Brazil. In addition, measures have been proposed to be implemented by the government to improve the return of these enterprises. New attractiveness analyses confirm a reduction in venture risk with the proposed measures.","PeriodicalId":152637,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Review of Finance","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115782160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Determinants of the implied equity risk premium in Brazil","authors":"A. Sanvicente, Mauricio Rocha Carvalho","doi":"10.12660/RBFIN.V18N1.2020.80038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12660/RBFIN.V18N1.2020.80038","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes and tests market determinants of the equity risk premium (ERP) in Brazil. We use implied ERP, based on the Elton (1999) critique. The ultimate goal of this exercise is to demonstrate that the calculation of implied, as opposed to historical ERP makes sense, because it varies, in the expected direction, with changes in fundamental market indicators. The ERP for Brazil is calculated as a mean of large samples of individual stock prices in each month in the January, 1995 to September, 2015 period, using the 'implied risk premium' approach. As determinants of changes in the ERP we obtain, as significant, and in the expected direction: changes in the CDI rate, in the country debt risk spread, in the US market liquidity premium and in the level of the S&P500. The influence of the proposed determining factors is tested with the use of time series regression analysis. The possibility of a change in that relationship with the 2008 crisis was also tested, and the results indicate that the global financial crisis had no significant impact on the nature of the relationship between the ERP and its determining factors. For comparison purposes, we also consider the same variables as determinants of the ERP calculated with average historical returns, as is common in professional practice. First, the constructed series does not exhibit any relationship to known market-events. Second, the variables found to be significantly associated with historical ERP do not exhibit any intuitive relationship with compensation for market risk.","PeriodicalId":152637,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Review of Finance","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127615748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Did the new Law for State-owned Firms affect those that are publicly traded?","authors":"Vitor Kayo de Oliveira, M. Holland, J. Sampaio","doi":"10.12660/rbfin.v18n1.2020.79433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12660/rbfin.v18n1.2020.79433","url":null,"abstract":"This paper studies the effects of a new law aimed at state-owned enterprises in Brazil. In particular, it analyzes whether this legislation, promoting improved corporate governance, leads to a reduced perception of risks in the management of these companies and, therefore, in the volatility of their stock returns. To do this, the ArCo (Artificial Counterfactual) methodology is applied, using high-dimensional panel time-series data from 2011 to 2018. Our results show that thirteen out of twenty stocks present a reduction in their volatility, six out of twenty stocks have contradictory results and one stock does not present a statistically significant result.","PeriodicalId":152637,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Review of Finance","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132557732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Gestão do ciclo financeiro, rentabilidade e restrições financeiras","authors":"Rodrigo M. Zeidan, Christiano Vanzin","doi":"10.12660/rbfin.v17n4.2019.80018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12660/rbfin.v17n4.2019.80018","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate the relationship between cash conversion cycle (CCC) management and value creation. We extend a standard working capital management model to establish measurable hypotheses for privately owned companies in Brazil. We define hypotheses that relate profitability measures, such as return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE), and the cash conversion cycle of a panel data sample of 318 Brazilian companies with available data for at least 8 of 9 fiscal years between 2009 and 2017. We estimate these relationships via generalized methods of moments (GMM) to deal with endogeneity among accounting variables. Evidence indicates that lower C2C improves ROA but not ROE. Additional assumptions included: (1) companies with a negative CCC tend to grow faster; (2) more indebted companies manage their cash-flow better; (3) smaller companies have a longer CCC; and (4) companies with longer CCC have higher operating margin. Evidence is that only ROA is related to cost of debt, and that total debt is the only variable that helps explain revenue growth (which probably captures firm size as well). Still, without the ability to issue more debt, companies are restricted in growing sales. Finally, and unexpectedly, we find that lower CCC indicates higher operating margin.","PeriodicalId":152637,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Review of Finance","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121654573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}