Journal of Bioremediation and Biodegradation最新文献

{"title":"Remediation of Zn, Pb and Cd in Leachate Using Carbonized Water Hyacinth Stem","authors":"Tinega Nyamoko Joseph, Yen Zheng, Kim Youngju","doi":"10.4172/2155-6199.1000402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6199.1000402","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, tropical fresh water lake basins are continuously being infested by Water Hyacinth (Eichhorniae crassipes) weed. This has led to fish decline, impede boat and ferry navigation, and blocked water supply to both rural and urban population. Currently, the use of herbicides to control the weed has led to water pollution, the mechanical and biological method have proven to be expensive and unsustainable. Alternatively, due to its high lignocellulose content, it offers a sustainable solution. In this study, heavy metal adsorption capacity of carbonized water hyacinth stem was investigated. Carbon was produced with yield of about 50%. Preliminary data on adsorption with synthetic wastewater identified pH 5, temperature 30°C, adsorbent dosage 1 g/100 ml and contact time 1 hr as the optimal operating conditions for Pb (1.982 mg/L), Zn (1.284 mg/L) and Cd (1.32 mg/L) removal from leachate. The results revealed that the experimental data fitted well with Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm, and also First order Kinetic model. Maximum removal rate of near 100% was attained with leachate. This was attributed to high surface area 327.9 m2/g, total pore volume 0.06 cc/g and pore size 7.257 A, and main functional group OH 3429.08 cm-1. Desorption with 0.6 M HCl gave a maximum recovery yield of 96%.","PeriodicalId":15262,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioremediation and Biodegradation","volume":"11 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82863570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing Technical and Economic Feasibility of Complete Bioremediation for Soils Chronically Polluted with Petroleum Hydrocarbons","authors":"Roberto Orellana, A. Cumsille, C. Rojas, Patricio Cabrera, M. Seeger, Franco Cárdenas, C. Stuardo, Myriam González","doi":"10.4172/2155-6199.1000396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6199.1000396","url":null,"abstract":"Petroleum hydrocarbons are highly persistent in the environment and represent a significant risk for humans, biodiversity, and the ecosystems. Frequently, hydrocarbon-contaminated sites remain polluted for decades due to a lack of proper decontamination treatments. Although bioremediation techniques have gained attention for being environmentally friendly, cost-effective and applicable in situ, their application is still limited. Each polluted soil has particularities, therefore, the bioremediation approach for a contaminated site is unique. Bioremediation cost studies are usually based on hypothetical assumptions rather than technical or experimental data. The research aims of this study were to clean-up chronically hydrocarbon-polluted soils using aerobic and anaerobic bioremediation techniques and to carry out an economic evaluation of the most promising bioremediation treatments. The results showed that aerobic biostimulation with vermicompost and aerobic bioaugmentation plus air venting were the most effective treatments, degrading 78% and 73% of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) in chronically hydrocarbonpolluted soils after six weeks, respectively. In contrast, no significant degradation of hydrocarbon was observed by anaerobic biostimulation treatments with lactate and acetate. An economic evaluation of the aerobic treatments were carried out. This analysis revealed that the cost of treating one cubic meter of soil by biostimulation is US$ 59, while bioaugmentation costs US$77. This study provides a clear structure of costs for both aerobic bioremediation approaches based on projections made from these lab-scale incubations. These values represent the first step towards a better understanding of the feasibility of such treatments at larger scales, which is crucial to move on industrial bioremediation of soils chronically polluted with petroleum hydrocarbons.","PeriodicalId":15262,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioremediation and Biodegradation","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81467339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cadmium Removal from Aqueous Solutions Using Dried Banana Peels asAn Adsorbent: Kinetics and Equilibrium Modeling","authors":"P. Deshmukh, G. Khadse, V. Shinde, P. Labhasetwar","doi":"10.4172/2155-6199.1000395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6199.1000395","url":null,"abstract":"The use of Dried banana peels as an adsorbent for removal of cadmium ions from aqueous solutions has been studied. Batch experiments have been conducted at different concentrations to evaluate the maximum adsorption capacity of Dried banana peels. The influence of pH, contact time, adsorbent dose was investigated at room temperature. Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models used to test equilibrium of adsorption. The process of adsorption was found to be fast and equilibrium has been reached in within 2 hours. The maximum adsorption capacity of cadmium on Dried banana peels is 5.91 mg/g, evaluated by Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. Pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models applied to evaluate rate constants. FTIR spectra of adsorbent showed the presence of hydroxyl, carboxylic and amine groups in dried banana peels. This study shows that banana peels has great potential for removal of cadmium ions and can be used as a good adsorbent for removal of cadmium from water and wastewater at very low concentration.","PeriodicalId":15262,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioremediation and Biodegradation","volume":"20 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78780628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biosorption of Heavy Metals onto Different Eco-Friendly Substrates","authors":"E. Fawzy, F. Abdel-Motaal, S. El-zayat","doi":"10.4172/2155-6199.1000394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6199.1000394","url":null,"abstract":"Fungi play an important role in biosorption of heavy metals in heavily contaminated soils. Five metals-tolerant fungal species were isolated from two different contaminated soils (soil 1 and soil 2). The number of fungal colonies isolated from the contaminated soil 2 was higher than that of soil 1. The most resistant fungal species for the toxic studied metals (Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn) was Rhizopus stolonifier followed by Macrophomina phaseolina. It was established that the metal toxicity was related to the contamination levels, the physico-chemical properties including pH, conductivity, organic matter, and carbonate contents of the soils. This study confirmed the good ability of different chemicals (CaCO3, MO, Zeolite and phosphate) and biological fungal substrates (M. phaseolina and R. stolonifier) in bioremediation of polluted soils and reducing different heavy metals levels compared to the control, especially for fungi. M. phaseolina amendment was superior in reducing the chemically available heavy metals in the studied soils.","PeriodicalId":15262,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioremediation and Biodegradation","volume":"5 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80081024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutritional and Bioactive Compounds: Evaluation of Pleurotuspulmonarius (Fries) Quel. Fruit Bodies Grown on Different Wood Logs inAbia State, Nigeria","authors":"Nwoko Mc, Onyeizu Ur, Okwulehie Ic, U. Hn","doi":"10.4172/2155-6199.1000393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6199.1000393","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to determine the nutritional and bioactive compounds composition of Pleurotus pulmonarius fruit bodies cultivated on tree logs of Dacryodes edulis, Mangifera indica and Treculia africana. Pure mycelium culture of P. pulmonarius was aseptically bulked in sorghum grains. Logs were cut into average length of 18 cm with inoculation holes of 3 cm × 15 mm diameter; using high speed drill (HSD) of 5 drill bit and allowed to decompose for 8 months. During mushroom cultivation, logs were soaked in tap water for 24 hrs and pasteurized at 80°C in an improvised metallic drum (IMD) for 1 hour; using cooking gas as heat source and allowed to cool overnight. 10 g of grain based spawn was inserted into 2/3 of each hole by way of inoculation and sealed with sterile polybag for mycelium incubation. Polybags were cut open after spawn run following primordial initiation. Fruit bodies were harvested at maturity, sundried ground and packed in airtight container prior to further analysis. Data was analysed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and mean separation by Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) while levels of significance were determined at 5%. Results indicate that P. pulmonarius fruit bodies harvested from various tree logs were significantly different p<0.05 in their nutritional and bioactive compounds composition. Fruit body samples were rich in protein, carbohydrates, Na, K, and Ca. It was also observed that fruit bodies contained significant amount of Alkaloids, Tannins and Saponins; and could be useful in drug synthesis. Therefore adopting this technique in oyster mushroom cultivation would lead to more jobs creation and food security; but this must be done with careful regulations to avoid indiscriminate falling of trees.","PeriodicalId":15262,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioremediation and Biodegradation","volume":"28 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81646052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation of Marine Bacteria From Visakhapatnam Coast For Degradationof Oil","authors":"Kiranmai Mr, A. Sd","doi":"10.4172/2155-6199.1000392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6199.1000392","url":null,"abstract":"Marine waters are the receivers of many wastes from different sources such as food waste, raw material extraction, recreational use, waste disposal and transportation. In addition to this ship trafficking and industry releases enormous amounts of oil and grease to waters. The aim of the present study was to isolate bacterial strain from marine waters of Visakhapatnam coastal area in order to a strain suitable for the degradation of oil and grease. Many bacterial strains were isolated including Aeromonas hydrophilia, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtiles, Enterobacter aerogenes, Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus. The results showed that the degradation of oil and grease was possible by the application of extracted bacterial isolates. In our study, Bacillus cereus was identified as an efficient degrader of oil and grease compared to other isolates. This study helped to identify native marine bacteria from the polluted site which can be potentially used in biodegradation process of oil and grease.","PeriodicalId":15262,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioremediation and Biodegradation","volume":"66 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73735831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reduction of Selenium by Pseudomonas stutzeri Nt-I: Growth, Reductionand Kinetics","authors":"Wessels Ce, Chirwa Emn","doi":"10.4172/2155-6199.1000391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6199.1000391","url":null,"abstract":"Bioremediation of seleniferous water is gaining more momentum, especially when it comes to bacterial reduction of the selenium oxyanions. More and more bacterial strains that are able to reduce selenium are being isolated. These bacteria need to be studied further to determine whether they are suited for industrial application. In this study, the reduction of Se(VI) to Se(0) by Pseudomonas stutzeri NT-I was examined using batch experiments with the bacteria suspended in MSM. For the determination of the optimum conditions for the growth of the bacteria, the linearized rate during the exponential phase for different conditions were compared. A pH 7, temperature of 37°C, salinity of 20 g.L-1 NaCl and initial concentration of 5 mM selenate were found to be the best at promoting growth. To determine the optimum conditions for the reduction of selenium, the amount of Se (0) recovered from the plug after 16 hours of incubation was measured. A pH of 8, temperature of 37°C and salinity of 5 g.L-1 resulted in the most Se (0) recovered. The kinetics of the reduction of Se(VI) to Se (0) was found to follow the adapted Monod equation. An increase in the initial Se(VI) concentration positively affected the reduction rate indicating that substrate saturation had not yet been reached. One kmax could be fitted to each of the two reactions but not one Ks. It was found that Ks decreased with increasing initial selenate concentration. Visually it can be deduced that inhibition starts playing a role in the reduction of selenate at a concentration of 4 mM. Pseudomonas stutzeri NT-I is an exemplary selenium reducing agent and deserves more attention, not only for industrial application but also in the research world, for further understanding of the complex mechanism behind metal reduction in bacteria.","PeriodicalId":15262,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioremediation and Biodegradation","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78307159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioefficiency of Indigenous Microbial Rhodanese in Clean-up of CyanideContaminated Stream in Modakeke, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria","authors":"O. Adedeji, O. Aladesanmi, O. Famakinwa, R. E. Okonji","doi":"10.4172/2155-6199.1000390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6199.1000390","url":null,"abstract":"Cyanide pollution of aquatic environment has become a great concern in Nigeria because of the increase in cassava cultivation. In Nigeria, cassava processing milling plants are usually situated around streams or rivers such that the waste from each stages of processing easily find their way into these water bodies as effluents and waste waters. Extracellular rhodanese of Klebsiella edwardsii isolated from Atutulala stream, Modakeke, where cassava is being processed, was assessed for its bioremediation potential. Cyanide concentration of the stream was analysed for six months. Four bacterial isolates were screened for their ability to degrade free cyanide and the best strain was further screened for rhodanese producing ability. The enzyme was purified by 85% ammonium sulphate precipitation and diethyl aminoethyl-cellulose ion-exchange chromatography. The pure enzyme had a specific activity of 0.0473 Rhodanese Unit mg-1 with a purification fold of 4.56 and a percentage yield of 30.30%. The enzyme demonstrated a broad pH range but the optimum pH was at 6.0 while the optimum temperature was 60°C. The bioremediation potential of the enzyme was assessed under various conditions such as the field pH and temperature as well as optimum pH and temperature using the cyanide contaminated water as substrate source in a typical assay protocol. The enzyme was able to convert 1.6481 μmol of cyanide to thiocyanate in the water sample at optimum pH and temperature of the enzyme. It could be concluded from the study that at optimum pH and temperature, rhodanese exhibited remediation activity in cyanide contaminated aquatic ecosystems and thus, can be used for its restoration.","PeriodicalId":15262,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioremediation and Biodegradation","volume":"25 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82151392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling Biogas Fermentation from Anaerobic Digestion: Potato Starch Processing Wastewater Treated Within an Up flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket","authors":"Philip Antwi, Jianzheng Li, E. Shi, P. Boadi, Frederick Ayivi","doi":"10.4172/2155-6199.1000388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6199.1000388","url":null,"abstract":"Herein, a modeling approach to predict biogas yield within a mesophilic (35 ± 1°C) upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor treating potato starch processing wastewater (PSPW) for pollutant removal was conducted. HRTs and seven anaerobic process-related parameters viz; chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonium (), alkalinity, total Kjeldahl Nitrogen, total phosphorus, volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and pH with average concentration of 4028.91, 110.09, 4944.67, 510.47, 45.20, 534.44 mg/L and 7.09, respectively, were used as input variables (x) to develop stochastic models for predicting biogas yield from the anaerobic digestion of PSPW. Based on the prediction accuracy of the models, it was established that, prediction of biogas yield from the UASB with the combination of COD, NH4+ and HRT, or COD, NH4+, HRT and VFAs as input variables proved more efficient as opposed to HRT, alkalinity, total Kjeldahl Nitrogen, total phosphorus and pH. Highest coefficient of determination (R2) observed was 97.29%, suggesting the efficiency of the models in making predictions. The developed models efficiencies concluded that the models could be employed to control the dynamic anaerobic process within UASBs since prediction of biogas obtained in the UASB agreed with the experimental result.","PeriodicalId":15262,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioremediation and Biodegradation","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80026533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamics of Chemical and Biological Properties of Organically AmendedPetroleum Hydrocarbon Polluted Soil as Affected by Incubation Periods","authors":"Agele So, A. Aj, I. Bamiduro","doi":"10.4172/2155-6199.1000389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6199.1000389","url":null,"abstract":"A study was conducted in the Screen house of the Department of Crop, Soil and Pest Management, FUTA Akure \u0000 to examine the time dynamic trends in soil chemical properties as affected by contamination with petroleum hydrocarbon compounds (PHC) in a 6 months incubation period as affected by organic amendments. The petroleum \u0000 hydrocarbon compounds used were spent engine oil (SEO), bitumen (BIT) and crude oil (CRO). The organic amendments used were poultry manure and mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus mossae) spores. The respective petroleum \u0000 hydrocarbon compounds (spent engine oil SEO, bitumen BIT and crude oil CRO) were applied at 2 rates of 0 and \u0000 455 ml per pot and 3 levels of organic amendments followed by incubation for six (6) months. Soil samples were \u0000 collected from each treatment at 0, 2, 4 and 6 months after treatment application for the determination of some \u0000 chemical properties (pH, organic carbon, N, P, K, Ca and Mg). The time changes in elemental concentrations of soil \u0000 contamination with petroleum hydrocarbon compounds (SEO, BIT and CRO) showed declining trends in the values \u0000 of pH, organic carbon and Mg while N-Total, Ca and available P and K rose with time. In general, the nature of the \u0000 trends (polynomial function as best fit) indicated that the observed responses were not uni-function of a factor but \u0000 suggest interaction among factors responsible for the breakdown of petroleum hydrocarbon compounds and hence \u0000 its toxicity to soil chemical properties. The time course of changes in soil chemical properties as affected by \u0000 petroleum hydrocarbon compounds (PHCs) contamination in soil differed among the PHCs evaluated. The values of \u0000 the measured soil parameters recorded at the commencement of the experiment and at 2, 4, 6 months after the \u0000 application of the petroleum hydrocarbon compounds showed declining trends in the values of pH, organic carbon \u0000 and Mg were obtained. Increasing trends in N-total and available P with time up till the end of the experiment while \u0000 SEO recording the highest values at 6 months of incubation. Trends of the mean values (highest and lowest values) \u0000 with respect to treatment showed that CRO had the highest soil pH at 2 and SEO had the lowest at 6 month. SOC \u0000 increased across treatments with SEO recording the highest value at 2 months of incubation, which was followed by \u0000 general decline in values with time across the PHCs. The results indicated that PHCs adversely affect soil chemical \u0000 properties and that addition of organic substances improved chemical properties of the soil following pollution with \u0000 petroleum hydrocarbon compounds compared with the un-amended soils. Poultry manure in particular performed \u0000 better compared with mycorrhizal inoculum with respect to improvement of soil chemical properties.","PeriodicalId":15262,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioremediation and Biodegradation","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77964115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}