{"title":"Using Recombinant E. coli Displaying Surface Heavy Metal Binding Proteins for Removal of Pb2+ from Contaminated Water","authors":"M. Shehata, K. Yamazaki","doi":"10.4172/2155-6199.1000442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6199.1000442","url":null,"abstract":"Water pollution remains a serious problem with economic and public health concerns worldwide. Lead (Pb2+) is one of the dangerous metals related to chronic diseases and is responsible for many deaths around the world. Despite the advances in technologies for removal of heavy metals e.g., Pb2+ from water, all current techniques have shown some limitations that obstructed their application. Bearing in mind that there is a need to develop a novel technique for removal of heavy metals from water, we developed a quick, specific and efficient method for removal of Pb2+ from water using dead cells of recombinant Escherichia coli. Recombinant E. coli were engineered to display metallothionein (SmtB) and lead binding protein (PbrR) onto outer membrane. DNA fragments encoding these proteins were fused to DNA fragment encoding β- domain of antigen 43 (Ag43) for translocation of both heavy metal binding proteins. The resultant recombinant E. coli exhibited a capability to adsorb Pb2+ successfully from water samples containing 100 mg/L of Pb2+, and concentrations of Pb2+ reached to undetectable level after 18 hours. Heat-inactivated E. coli displaying PbrR and SmtB on outer membrane showed comparable removal efficiencies to live E. coli cells. These observations suggest that our method can be used as a promising, specific and efficient approach for removal of Pb2+ from contaminated water.","PeriodicalId":15262,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioremediation and Biodegradation","volume":"4 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90376076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optimization of D-Amino Acid Oxidase Production by Trigonopsis variabilis Using Glucose Syrup from Cassava as Carbon Source","authors":"Zaldy Rusli, H. Suryadi, Ahmad Wibisana","doi":"10.4172/2155-6199.1000445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6199.1000445","url":null,"abstract":"Rusli Z, Suryadi H, Wibisana A. 2018. Optimization of D-amino acid oxidase production by Trigonopsis variabilis using glucose syrup from cassava as carbon source. Bioteknologi 15: xxxx. Glucose syrup from cassava (GSC) contains glucose as the main sugar suitable for an economical and efficient production of D-amino acid oxidase (DAAO) by Trigonopsis variabilis. The aim of this study is to optimize the DAAO production by T. variabilis using GSC as the carbon source via response surface methodology (RSM) with Face-centered Central Composite Design (FCCD). In the first step, the effects of six factors (concentration of GSC and DL-alanine, pH, temperature, incubation time, and inoculum concentration) were screened to obtain the significant factors on DAAO production by Plackett-Burman design. As a result, the incubation time, the concentration of GSC and DL-alanine showed to be significant factors for DAAO production (P<0.05). These factors were then optimized using RSM with FCCD. The optimized RSM results demonstrated that a quadratic polynomial model was found suitable to define the relation between the incubation times, concentration of GSC and DL-alanine parameters. Moreover, the observed high R2 value (0.9782) confirms a strong evaluation of the experimental data. The optimum condition for DAAO production is as follows: GSC and DL-alanine concentration was 12.3% and 0.3%, respectively, and the culture incubation time was 56.1 hours. Using this condition, we got a DAAO activity of 195.38 U/g dry weight of yeast.","PeriodicalId":15262,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioremediation and Biodegradation","volume":"96 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83363165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Applying Ionizing Radiation to Metal Speciation for the Environmental Assessment of Underground Aquifer Associated with Technogenic Landfill Containing Sludge from A Water Treatment Plant (WTP)","authors":"Imbernon Ral, R. BazanteYamaguishi, M. Abda","doi":"10.4172/2155-6199.1000434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6199.1000434","url":null,"abstract":"This study was carried out in a technogenic landfill of sludge from the Taiacupeba Water Treatment Station, Suzano, Brazil. The availability of this residue is a problem, since the presence of heavy metals in the sludge increases the risk of contamination of the physical environment, especially the soils and groundwater. The metal dosage methodologies in the samples took into account the presence of organic matter, and the use of technologies based on Advanced Oxidative Processes (AOPs) were applied to lead to the complete mineralization of metallic chemical elements. The results indicated that the irradiated samples presented higher metals dosages in relation to the non irradiated samples. The application of water analysis techniques through advanced oxidation processes (AOP) such as radiolysis indicated that contents found in environments containing high organic matter concentration, such as the samples collected in the technogenic landfill where the sludge was deposited, presented different values from those analyzed through conventional techniques.","PeriodicalId":15262,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioremediation and Biodegradation","volume":"53 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82911411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Plant-Originated Kaempferol and Luteolin as Allelopathic Algaecides Inhibit Aquatic Microcystis Growth Through Affecting Cell Damage, Photosynthetic and Antioxidant Responses","authors":"H. LinrongCao, Jieming Li","doi":"10.4172/2155-6199.1000431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6199.1000431","url":null,"abstract":"Harmful algal blooms dominated by cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa increasingly occur in freshwaters worldwide, and adversely threat ecosystem functioning. Plant allelopathic effects can be applied as an emerging biological option to control and remediate HABs pollution. This study aimed to explore the growth-inhibition effects of plant-originated kaempferol and luteolin on bloom-forming Microcystis aeruginosa (FACHB-915 strain) and elucidate their anti-algal mechanisms from the views of photosynthesis, antioxidant responses and cell oxidative damage. Results showed that kaempferol and luteolin stress on M. aeruginosa growth were dose-and time-dependent. In contrast to 0.5~4 mg/L dose, 16~32 m/L kaempferol and luteolin significantly inhibited growth after 6 days-exposure and achieved 92.05% ~95.20% and 74.40%~85.35% inhibition, respectively, by day 14, partially caused by inhibited chlorophyll-a content at late phase. On day 4 and 8, stimulated photosynthetic responses (except phycocyanin content on day 4) at 32 mg/L kaempferol and stimulated superoxide dismutase activity at 16~32 mg/L kaempferol and 32 mg/L luteolin acted as adaptive and antioxidant defense against oxidative stress. Despite these, enhanced oxidative damage at 16~32 mg/L kaempferol and 32 mg/L luteolin and inhibited phycobiliproteins (e.g., phycocyanin, allophycocyanin) synthesis at 16~32 luteolin throughout the test and/or during mid-late phase still caused inhibited growth. Innovatively, this study for the first time to reveal that plant-originated kaempferol and luteolin at 16~32 mg/L could inhibit M. aeruginosa growth due to enhanced cell oxidative damage and/or inhibited photosynthesis despite activated antioxidant responses and could be potentially developed as algaecides for efficient M. aeruginosa bloomremoval and bioremediation.","PeriodicalId":15262,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioremediation and Biodegradation","volume":"124 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77339927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Isolation and Optimization of PHB (Poly- β -hydroxybutyrate) Based Biodegradable Plastics from Chlorella vulgaris","authors":"R. Robert, P. Iyer","doi":"10.4172/2155-6199.1000433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6199.1000433","url":null,"abstract":"Poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) can be used as an effective thermoplastic and has many characteristics similar to those of standard commercial plastics like polypropylene. PHB based plastic substitutes are less flexible than traditional plastics; they are completely biodegradable and leave behind no residue. Algae are used for the production of PHB, for bioplastic production which offers an opportunity in economic efficiency by reduced costs. Chlorella vulgaris PB (1-6) was isolated from different freshwater sources and screened for PHB production using Sudan black B and Nile Blue Stain. The production of PHB was optimized using different media and under various parameters like Aeration; Effect of phosphate and Sodium acetate etc. PHB was extracted using hot chloroform and the amount of PHB produced was estimated by reading the absorbance at 235 nm.","PeriodicalId":15262,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioremediation and Biodegradation","volume":"9 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84644095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Industrial Wastewater Treatment Using Phycoremediation Technologies and Co-Production of Value-Added Products","authors":"A. Bansal, O. Shinde, S. Sarkar","doi":"10.4172/2155-6199.1000428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6199.1000428","url":null,"abstract":"Algae are a diverse group of photosynthetic organisms with profound bioremediation potential and industrial applications that can reduce the cost of expenditure on energy and fuels. Algae have been applied to various applications from fuels and medicines to wastewater treatment. Potential applications of phycoremediation have instigated laboratories to reinforce the development of algal-based technologies for better exploitation of their bioremediation potential and by-product generation ability. Many species of algae have been studied and utilized for their function in wastewater treatment. Certain technological drawbacks need to be addressed to manage the shortcomings of algae for industrial usage. This review mainly focuses on the state of the art applications of phycotechnology for wastewater remediation. Many problems related to algal technology have also been exemplified and discussed such as contamination, decreasing the resilience time and increasing the biomass of the algal culture. Possible solutions of these bottlenecks have been suggested to better apply phycotechnology for wastewater remediation in industries considering the environmental issues. Recently, the concept of genetic engineering is found very useful that has increased the potential of phycotechnology reducing the resilience time considerably. On the contrary, the negative impact of the algal-based technologies on the environment and economy has also been deliberated in order to effectively utilize and manage this important organism with utmost benefit. Lastly, the review illuminates the scope and options of future research in the area of phycoremediation technologies.","PeriodicalId":15262,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioremediation and Biodegradation","volume":"11 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88663446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Biodegradation of Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons by Acclimatized Mixed Culture Using Shake Flask and Roller Bioreactors","authors":"Ridha Mjm, M. Ya, Z. AbdulRazak","doi":"10.4172/2155-6199.1000424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6199.1000424","url":null,"abstract":"The ability of acclimatized mixed culture from sewage waste sludge was tested to biodegrade (PAHs): naphthalene and phenanthrene each with a concentration of 300 mg/L. Sewage sludge was selected as an inexpensive source of mixed culture of microorganisms, usually available in large quantities in wastewater treatment plants. Two types of reactors were employed in the investigation: shake flask and roller bioreactors. Complete biodegradation of naphthalene and phenanthrene was achieved in the shake flask bioreactor after 13 and 14 days of treatment, respectively. The corresponding durations in the roller bioreactor were 11 and 12 days. The obtained results show that the said culture is capable of consuming PAHs as energy and carbon source and have a promising application in bioremediation of PAH contaminated environments. The biodegradation of naphthalene was enhanced when using the roller bioreactor compared to its biodegradation in the shake flask bioreactor. The microorganisms’ specific growth rate was raised from 0.014 to 0.022 h-1 due to the enhanced mixing in the roller bioreactor. No enhancement was observed for phenanthrene biodegradation when using the roller bioreactor: the microorganisms’ specific growth rate was equal to 0.016 h-1 for the shake flask bioreactor compared to 0.012 h-1 for the roller bioreactor. Logistic models were employed for the description of the microorganisms’ growth and the PAHs degradation in both shake flask and roller bioreactor. Additionally, second order inhibition model was used to describe the possible inhibitions. The results obtained from the models well-matched the biodegradation experimental data with R2 of more than 97%.","PeriodicalId":15262,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioremediation and Biodegradation","volume":"35 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81578718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Life Cycle Assessment of the Environmental Impact of Biosurfactant Production from Oil Waste by a Diculture of Azotobacter vinelandii and Pseudomonas sp.","authors":"Oje Obinna Aru, Onwurah Ikechukwu Ne","doi":"10.4172/2155-6199.1000435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6199.1000435","url":null,"abstract":"This study is aimed at carrying out a life cycle assessment of the environmental impact of biosurfactant production from oily waste by a diculture of Azotobacter vinelandii and Pseudomonassp. The methodology used was the life cycle assessment according to the ISO 14-040 standard. The microorganisms used in the study were also isolated from the environment. The biosurfactant produced were quantified and the CO2 and NH3 that were produced were quantified also. The life cycle assessment as a gate – to – gate assessment was considered in this study. Two impact categories were selected for their relevance (global warming, and acidification/eutrophication potentials). The functional unit used for the impact analysis was based on the production of 1000 Kg of biosurfactant. The result showed that during the bioprocess of the biosurfactant production (by the diculture), the volume of CO2 evolved was 28.23 ± 5.08 cm3, which is equivalent to 0.056 ± 0.01 g CO2 per 100 ml of broth. In terms of g CO2/1000 Kg biosurfactant, 4545 ± 817.93 g CO2 were Produced in this bioprocess. The life cycle impact assessment of biosurfactant production by this consortium, based on global warming potential was 0.046 tonnes/ 1000 Kg biosurfactant. Other impact values calculated for acidification and eutrophication potentials were 0.008 tonnes/1000 Kg and 0.0014 tonnes/1000 Kg of biosurfactant. In this work also, the consortium produced 1.22 ± 0.04 mg biosurfactant per 100 ml of cell – free broth. However, the individual organisms Pseudomonassp. and Azotobacter vinelandii produced 1.03 ± 0.02 and 0.08 ± 0.001 mg of biosurfactants per 100 ml cell-free broth respectively. These values when compared with the individual organisms shows that using a consortium for the Bioprocess is more sustainable.","PeriodicalId":15262,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioremediation and Biodegradation","volume":"14 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83589150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Methanotrophs: The Natural Way to Tackle Greenhouse Effect","authors":"Hadiqa Aimen, A. Khan, Nayab Kanwal","doi":"10.4172/2155-6199.1000432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6199.1000432","url":null,"abstract":"Methane is considered as an important greenhouse gas which produced from a wide range of anthropogenic and natural sources. It plays a key role in global warming. Capturing and disposal of methane is technically both costly and problematic. A low-cost alternate to the conventional methods is the microbial oxidation of methane. Methanotrophs are the type of bacteria that aerobically oxidize methane as a source of energy through their key enzyme, monooxygenase (MMO), especially the soluble MMO, it is noteworthy in its broad substrate specificity. This exceptional capability, i.e., catalyzing reactions of environmental importance, has owned methanotrophs attention from applied microbiologists and biotechnologist. From about 30 years, it is observed that copper (Cu) is playing an important role in the physiology and activity of methanotrophs, but the discovery of how Cu collect by these cells, more importantly what is the role Cu playing in CH4 oxidation by the particulate CH4 monooxygenase and how Cu affects the ability of methanotrophs to oxidize different substrates has been made. In this review we summarize the morphology, phylogeny, ecology, and possible applications of methanotrophs to address the global as well as regional issues, along with the role of gene expression regulation by Cu and how it affects the cell activity of methane-oxidizing bacteria. Our focus was on two main aspects of potential value and application of methanotrophs in environmental bioremediation, namely physiology along with working of methanotrophs and methane removal from atmosphere.","PeriodicalId":15262,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioremediation and Biodegradation","volume":"28 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82540720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effectiveness of Single and Microbial Consortium of Locally Isolated Beneficial Microorganisms (LIBeM) in Bioaugmentation of Oil Sludge Contaminated Soil at Different Concentration Levels: A Laboratory Scale","authors":"Z. NurZaida, M. T. Piakong","doi":"10.4172/2155-6199.1000430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6199.1000430","url":null,"abstract":"An aerated static pile ASP-bioreactor system made up of acrylic material dimension (60 cm × 40 cm × 20 cm) was developed to examine the potential of single and microbial consortium of LIBeM to remediate oil sludge contaminated soil at different concentration levels. Three different strains of LIBeM namely P. aeruginosa-BAS-Cr1, S. paucimobilis-ReTOS-Cr1 and S. maltophilia-RAS-Cr1 were used in this study was obtained from Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Universiti Malaysia Sabah. Five sets of experiment filled with 10 kg of soils contaminated with 5% and 10% of oil sludge were carried out as Treatment 1 (contaminated soil+P. aeruginosa-BAS-Cr1), Treatment 2 (contaminated soil+S. paucimobilis-ReTOS-Cr1), Treatment 3 (contaminated soil+S. maltophilia-RASCr1), Treatment 4 (contaminated soil+Microbial Consortium; P. aeruginosa-BAS-Cr1+S. paucimobilis-ReTOSCr1+ S. maltophilia-RAS-Cr1) and Treatment 5 (contaminated soil+indigenous bacteria in soil; NA). Their ability to degrade hydrocarbon in the soil was investigated during 60 days incubation periods. Physical and chemical analyses were carried out from each of the treatment and control plot on a weekly basis to check for pH, moisture content, temperatures and Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH). The results showed that single strain P. aeruginosa- BAS-Cr1 has the highest oil degrading capacity compared to microbial consortium with 80% and 85.2% at both concentration studied. The percentage of TPH removal by P. aeruginosa-BAS-Cr1 is 3-fold higher than NA, thus confirmed that the addition of oil selective degrading bacteria was much better than the control plot. High degradation of long chain alkanes were observed between the control and treatment plot suggested that bioaugmentation using single and microbial consortium had decrease the level of oil sludge in contaminated soil.","PeriodicalId":15262,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioremediation and Biodegradation","volume":"2013 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87979216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}