Journal of Bioremediation and Biodegradation最新文献

{"title":"Carbonic Anhydrase II Based Biosensing of Carbon Dioxide at High Temperature: An Analytical and MD Simulation Study","authors":"Danish Idrees, R. Anwer, Mohd. Shahbaaz, M. Sabela, Khalid I. Al Qumaizi, Osama A. Al Khamees, S. Gourinath, M. Kumar, M. P. Singh","doi":"10.4172/2155-6199.1000421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6199.1000421","url":null,"abstract":"Concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere has increased significantly due to anthropogenic activities and attributed as a major factor to global warming. Its detection by biosensing methods will provide an alternative for the assessment of CO2 concentration. Biomineralization of CO2 is one of the available methods for the biological conversion of CO2 to carbonate using a highly active enzyme, carbonic anhydrase II (CAII). CAII was used for the carbonation reaction to convert CO2 to CaCO3. The precipitation of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) was promoted in the presence of the CAII at 325 K. CAII showed an enhanced formation of solid CaCO3 through the acceleration of CO2 hydration rate at 325 K. Furthermore, the electrocatalytic properties of glassy carbon electrode enable us to determine the reduction peak potential values of CO2 through cyclic voltammetry at –1.75 and 0.3 V at 325 K. Molecular dynamic (MD) simulations were performed each at 50 ns time scale provided a deeper insight into the molecular basis of the CAII interaction with CO2 at different temperatures, highlighted that the CAII can detect CO2 up to 325 K. We assume that CAII could be an effective and economical biosensor for biomineralization of CO2 at high temperature 325 K.","PeriodicalId":15262,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioremediation and Biodegradation","volume":"59 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84623696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Production of Omega 3 Fatty Acids and Phycoremediation of Dairy Industrial Effluents from Ambattur Region, Tamil Nadu, India","authors":"A. Arjun, Saravanan Gk, R. Banupriya, S. Elumalai","doi":"10.4172/2155-6199.1000453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6199.1000453","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15262,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioremediation and Biodegradation","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75558297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation and Characterization of Filter Paper Degrading Bacteria from the Guts of Coptotermes formosanus","authors":"Egwuatu Tf, Appeh Og","doi":"10.4172/2155-6199.1000440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6199.1000440","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The filter paper utilizing capabilities of Pseudomonas mendocina, Burkholderia pseudomallei, Chryseobacterium luteola, Klebsiella oxytoca and Klebsiella terrigena isolated from the gut of a local termite Coptotermes formosanus were analysed.Design and methods: The isolates were inoculated into a buffered medium containing minerals and Whatman filter paper as sole source of carbon to observe the ability of these bacteria to digest solid substrate. The ability of the isolates to grow in this medium as well as to digest the filter paper was determined by visual observation after 30 days. Reducing sugar test and gravimetric analysis were also carried out at the end of 30 days.Results: All bacteria cultures showed growth as the medium turned cloudy and the filter paper became macerated. The gravimetric analysis of the residual filter in the liquid medium at the end of 30 days incubation showed that Chryseobacterium luteola had the highest degradation rate of 95%, Pseudomonas mendocina had the degradation rate of 90%, whilst Burkholderia pseudomallei, Klebsiella oxytoca and Klebsiella terrigena had biodegradation rate of 75% each. Reducing sugar test and paper chromatography carried out for glucose production were positive showing their ability to convert cellulose to glucose.Conclusion: The bacterial isolates showed a potential to convert cellulose into reducing sugars which could be readily used in many applications like feed stock for production of valuable organic compounds; for example in simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of cellulose into ethanol.","PeriodicalId":15262,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioremediation and Biodegradation","volume":"30 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85070418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioelectricity Generation and Dye Decolorization by Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma harzianum","authors":"M. Osman, Khattab Oh, A. A. El-nasr, B. As","doi":"10.4172/2155-6199.1000446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6199.1000446","url":null,"abstract":"This study explored the ability of Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma harzianum to decolorize azo dye acid black 172 and bioelectricity generation. Both filamentous fungi oxidized acid black 172 in the anode chamber, the electrons resulting from this oxidation pass through an external circuit to the cathode chamber, thus producing current. Bioelectricity generation in double chamber microbial fuel cells (MFCS) were investigated under variable dye concentration of acid black 172, external resistance, co-substrate, and dye as a sole carbon source.","PeriodicalId":15262,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioremediation and Biodegradation","volume":"96 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85263514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biodegradability Study of Potassium Hydrogen Phthalate and Benzene Using BOD5 Seed as Inoculum","authors":"Leoro Ina Mae Berina, Sto Domingo Angelika Marie Ricohermoso, V. A. Tejada, Cambiador Christian Jay Bautista, P. CidAndresAbigail","doi":"10.4172/2155-6199.1000436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6199.1000436","url":null,"abstract":"Benzene and Potassium Hydrogen Phthalate (KHP) with their immeasurable applications lead to tons of generated waste. Biodegradation is considered to be a remedy for this issue and the usage of Activated Sludge is the most dominant method used among these days. However issues of variation in its content arose and thus the usage of standardized inoculum offered opportunities to surpass these disadvantages, this study aims to test the effectivity of BOD5 Seed inoculum in degradation of Benzene and KHP and eventually apply its effectivity to aqueous organic waste. The samples were tested for Dissolved Oxygen (DO) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) Test for initial analysis before it was prepared for the biodegradation process. During the biodegradation process, pH 6-8 was maintained for it was the desired environment of the seed inoculum. Monitoring was conducted through COD test. The degraded benzene sample was then subjected for GC-MS analysis. The 1000 ppm benzene sample was 99.79% degraded from an initial COD concentration of 1112.545 ppm to 2.352 ppm. On the other hand, 1000 ppm KHP sample was 47% degraded from an initial concentration of 1271.6 ppm to 673.99 ppm. There was an effect of filtration on the COD concentration obtained. In conclusion, BOD5 seed inoculum was capable of an effect of filtration on the COD concentration obtained. In conclusion, BOD5 seed inoculum was capable of degrading 1000 ppm benzene and 1000 KHP sample. However, 1000 ppm benzene sample were degraded faster than 1000 ppm KHP sample. On the other hand, higher concentrations of KHP sample were not degraded. Furthermore, treatment/degradation of aqueous organic waste using BOD5 seed inoculum is possible. Unseeded samples were also eventually degraded however slower than seeded samples.","PeriodicalId":15262,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioremediation and Biodegradation","volume":"5 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82051174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Remediation of Cadmium Toxicity on Alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) Using Biochar as a Bioadsorbent, Rhizobium meliloti and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi as Biofertilizers","authors":"Osama Nm, Ibrahim Mz, Ghazi Sm, Shedeed Za, Doaa Mn","doi":"10.4172/2155-6199.1000429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6199.1000429","url":null,"abstract":"Contamination of agricultural soil is becoming an increasingly serious problem because of long-term exposure to pollutants in irrigation water, sludge, fertilizers, and pesticides. Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most dangerous and potentially toxic metals. Pollution by Cd is especially significant as contaminated soils are used for agriculture; this metal is easily absorbed from soils into crops, inhibiting plant growth and nutrient uptake. So, the present study aimed to elucidate the effect of accumulation Cd over the permissible limits on growth of higher plants, e.g., alfalfa and soil microorganisms, e.g., rhizobium bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi. In this study we also attempted to find an optimum solution for the problem of soil pollution with Cd through the application of biochar (BC) as bioadsorbent, rhizobia, (Rh) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) as biofertilizers. CdCl2 was applied in a pot experiment in presence and absence of BC, AMF and Rh. Cd negatively affected alfalfa growth and yield, content of essential minerals such as N, P, K, Ca and Mg in leaves and roots, activity of nodules nitrogenase and rhizosphere dehydrogenase. AMF colonization % and the total microbial count decreased under Cd stress. Application of BC, AMF and Rh individually or in combination improved alfalfa growth, leaf and root content of essential minerals, fungal population and the microbial count. On the other side, these treatments reduced Cd uptake and translocation from roots to seeds. Solo application of BC contributed in Cd immobilization through the metal adsorption and increasing soil alkalinity. Application of BC together with AMF and Rh significantly promoted alfalfa growth and yield, the leaf and root content of mineral ions, the fungal populations and the microbial count compared to control and Cd stressed plants.","PeriodicalId":15262,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioremediation and Biodegradation","volume":"66 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72794362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Cassava Mill Effluent on the Growth Rate of Two Selected Arable Crop Species ( Zea mays and Vigna unguiculata L )","authors":"Igwe Ce, Azorji Jn","doi":"10.4172/2155-6199.1000444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6199.1000444","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrogen cyanide is the dominant element in cassava mill effluent with several toxicological implications. Physiochemical analysis was carried out on the soil samples gotten from three different cassava tuber processing mills located at Amaoba, Umuarigha I, and Umuarigha II in Ikwuano Local Government area of Abia state. The parameters investigated were pH, nitrogen, phosphorous, organic carbon, organic matter; others were the sodium, calcium, potassium and magnesium contents. All the afore-mentioned parameters were also analyzed for control sample. The result showed that there was an increase in soil pH, nitrogen and magnesium content of the cassava mill soils. The effect on plant growth rate was studied using maize and cowpea as test crops. The number of leaves, stem girth and length was recorded for a period of eight (8) weeks. The result after eight (8) weeks showed that the growth rate of seedlings on the soil of the three different cassava mills was rapid more than that of the control. This research shows that the cyanide content of the cassava mill effluent had a stimulatory effect on the parameters measured and could serve as an efficient source of nutrient to the soil and thus to crops, making it an alternative to mineral fertilizers.","PeriodicalId":15262,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioremediation and Biodegradation","volume":"13 2","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72613688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioremediation-Waste Water Treatment","authors":"M. Shah","doi":"10.4172/2155-6199.1000427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6199.1000427","url":null,"abstract":"The growing population of the world and the progressive adoption of an industrialist lifestyle based, inevitably, have caused an increase in the anthropogenic impact on the biosphere. The textile industries are the most important industries in Asia and their numbers have increased. These industries have shown a significant increase in use of organic synthetic complex dyes as a coloring material. Wastewater printing and dyeing units are often rich in color, which contains residues of reactive dyes and chemicals, and requires proper treatment before being released into the environment. These compounds can be released to effluent water during washing. Examples of these compounds include surfactants, sizing, coatings and additive finishes. Sizing Compounds such as starch contribute to a higher demand for biological oxygen and the demand for chemical oxygen of the wastewater current.","PeriodicalId":15262,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioremediation and Biodegradation","volume":"130 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85764051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlating the Ganga River BOD and k, the BOD-Rate Constant","authors":"D. Bhargava","doi":"10.4172/2155-6199.1000441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6199.1000441","url":null,"abstract":"Ganga River of India had an age-old reputation of being the most self-purified river whose waters neither putrefy despite long storages in air-tight containers nor cause any water-borne diseases despite its direct inhalation during huge religious gatherings at mass-bathing by millions at a time. These and many other aspects were investigated and the assimilation of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), a parameter denoting the organic-related pollution status of waters, was comprehensively investigated and published in its varying forms/aspects, many for the first time, by the author. This presentation focuses, also for the first time, on correlating the river’s initial BOD with the rate constant of BOD assimilation in the Ganga and Yamuna Rivers whose evaluations were no easy jobs.","PeriodicalId":15262,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioremediation and Biodegradation","volume":"33 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79749002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Investigation on Antigenotoxic Effect of Vermiwash against Industrial Effluent on Pisum sativum","authors":"K. Nisha, Mendhulkar Vd","doi":"10.4172/2155-6199.1000422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6199.1000422","url":null,"abstract":"The present investigation was directed to study the antigenotoxic impact of vermiwash in P. sativum root meristem cells on industrial effluent mediated seed treatment with the aim to understand effects of vermiwash on reducing the percentage of structural chromosomal anomalies. For the experiment 30 physiological and morphological uniform seeds of the experimental plant system where treated for the duration of 2 hrs with 35%, 45% and 55% concentration of the effluent released from plastic and dye industries. The effluent contents many toxic elements like chlorinated solvents, nonylephenol ethoxylate, heavy metals (antimony, mercury, cadmium and lead), chlorobenzene and formaldehyde which are harmful to living beings, effecting their genetic, physiology and metabolic. Therefore, initially the frequency of karyo morphological anomalies were determined and the materials are retreated with vermiwash to evaluate its effect on chromosomes to determine its antigenotoxic impact. The root tips of treated materials were fixed in acetic alcohol for screening of mitotic aberration and MI. The decrease in MI was noted in treated material from 2.86 to 3.16 against 4.86 in control, indicating mitotic depressive activities. This impact was associated with the induction of structural chromosomal aberration from 2.33 to 7.33. The aberration scored were sticky chromosomes, fragmentation and chromosomal bridges. The frequency of sticky chromosomes was high in higher concentration of (55%) effluent. The anomalies were considered the marker of cyto and genotoxicity. The antigenotoxic strains was carries out in similar way except that the effluent treated seed sample where again subjected to the treatment of vermiwash solution for 1hrs.The distilled water was used as negative control. Then the material was subjected to the mitotic screening. The result suggested that there was a marked variation in MI compared to effluent treatment. In vermiwash treatment MI was recovered 3.90-5.90. Similarly, the frequency of chromosomal aberration also was reduced in vermiwash treated sample, it was in the rage of 1.60-3.00 against 2.3-7.3 in effluent treated samples. The result found in present work indicated recovery in the MI and chromosomal aberration in vermiwash treatment. There by suggesting that vermiwash treatment contributed to minimize the genotoxic effects caused by effluent.","PeriodicalId":15262,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioremediation and Biodegradation","volume":"23 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78536681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}