Journal of Bioanalysis & Biomedicine最新文献

{"title":"Polypharmacy and the Contributing Factors Among Elderly Patients in Shashemene Referral Hospital, West Arsi, Oromia Region, Ethiopia","authors":"Gudeta Duga Geresu, Tadele Mekuria Yadesa, Bontu Aschale Abebe","doi":"10.4172/1948-593X.1000193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/1948-593X.1000193","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Population ageing is a result of high life expectancy and declining fertility. Medication use in older people is a particular public health concern since the older population has a higher prevalence of multiple drug use referred to as ‘poly-pharmacy’. This study aimed to determine poly-pharmacy and the contributing factors among elderly patients at Shashemene Referral Hospital. \u0000Materials and methods: A Health facility based prospective cross sectional study was conducted. Elders of 65 and above years old were enrolled. Data was analyzed by SPSS version 16.0 software. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess association of variables with poly-pharmacy. Statistical significance was conducted at p-value<0.05. \u0000Results: The total number of population enrolled in the study was 116 elders (60 yrs old and above). Among this, 59.5% were males. The primary diagnosis of most patients was infection (50% (n=58)) and followed by cardiovascular disorders (18.1% (n=21)). The widely used drug group was antimicrobials (58.7%), followed by cardiovascular (25%) and GIT drugs (13.8%). Almost half, (48.3%), of population were taking 1-2 drugs. The maximum total number of drug per patient was seven drugs of the same or different classes. Poly-pharmacy was observed among almost one-third (32.75%) of study subjects with highest prevalence among younger elders (65yrs-69 yrs old). The polypharmacy that has been seen in elderly in highest prevalence was appropriate poly-pharmacy, 79%. Co-morbidity (AOR=7.427) and occupation, employee, (AOR=8.840) were the contributing factors of poly-pharmacy. \u0000Conclusion and recommendations: In this study, a total of 116 elderly patients, 69 males and 47 females, were involved. The primary diagnosis of most patients was infection. Co-morbidity has been seen in over one-third of the study subjects. The widely used drug group was antimicrobials, followed by cardiovascular. The study also shows that poly-pharmacy was prevalent in almost one third of the elderly patients in SRH. The multivariate logistic regression showed that co-morbidity and occupation, employee, were the factors independently associated with poly-pharmacy. The health care system should improve the prescribing process among elderly patients.","PeriodicalId":15259,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioanalysis & Biomedicine","volume":"198 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89092803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New platform of bio-based reactions for simple and rapid purification of biopharmaceuticals","authors":"T. Kubo, K. Otsuka","doi":"10.4172/1948-593X-C1-036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/1948-593X-C1-036","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15259,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioanalysis & Biomedicine","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87202862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fingerprint-like similarity: Making the connection between product characteristics and clinical outcomes","authors":"Peter Bernhardt","doi":"10.4172/1948-593X-C1-034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/1948-593X-C1-034","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15259,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioanalysis & Biomedicine","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75357530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of the True Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) Autoantibody Concentration in the Sera of Normal Subjects","authors":"Keiko Shiiya, M. Iizuka, Yuko Ito, Seino Utako, Hashimoto Atsushi, Takahiro Tanaka, K. Akasaka, N. Kitamura, Y. Inoue, R. Tazawa, K. Nakata","doi":"10.4172/1948-593X.1000192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/1948-593X.1000192","url":null,"abstract":"According to our previous studies, Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) autoantibodies (GMAbs) are normally present in healthy people. To date, antigen-antibody capture assay has measured the concentrations. However, nonspecific IgG other than GMAbs and immune complex formation with intrinsic GM-CSF prevents us from measuring the accurate concentrations. To solve these problems, we developed a liquid phase high-sensitivity assay using biotinylated GM-CSF (bGM-CSF) and streptavidin coated plate, which could measure the concentration of GMAbs over 0.02 ng/ml. Using this method, the true GMAbs concentration in 30 normal subjects was estimated to be 52.6 ng/ml for the median value, ranging 10.6 to 799.5 ng/ml. Thus, we propose a novel method that enables us to estimate the true concentration of GMAbs in the sera of healthy subjects.","PeriodicalId":15259,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioanalysis & Biomedicine","volume":"15 3 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79842785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytochemical Nature and Pharmacological Evaluation of Chloroform Extract of Pandanus fascicularis L. (Fruits): An in vivo Study","authors":"Sadhan Baul, M. Amin, S. Hussain, Emdadul Hasan Mukul, Shalahuddin Millat, Saif Uddin Rashed, Sharmeen Asad, R. Das, Saiful Islam Arman, T. Tanna, Latifa Bulbul","doi":"10.4172/1948-593X.1000183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/1948-593X.1000183","url":null,"abstract":"The current study was undertaken to investigate analgesic, anti-pyretic, anti-inflammatory, and gastrointestinal (GI) motility of fruit extract of P. fascicularis L. The analgesic potentials of plant extract was screened by using the acetic acid-induced writhing test. Antipyretic study was done by yeast induced pyrexia. The extracts were used for anti-inflammatory studies by albumin induced edema over a period of time; finally, gastrointestinal (GI) motility test was performed using charcoal. The chloroform extracts showed presence of maximum phytochemicals such as alkaloid, tannin, saponin, steroid, terpenoid, protein, flavonoid etc. In case of analgesic assay the dose of 400 mg/kg was capable of inhibiting 62.96% writhing in comparison to standard Diclofenac sodium, while our antipyretic assay were resembled initial (38.7 ± 0.45°C) and final (37.83 ± 0.37°C) rectal temperatures when treated with chloroform extract (400 mg/kg); where the values for Acetyl salicylic acid (100 mg/kg) were found 38.4 ± 0.11oC and 37.5 ± 0.010°C respectively. During anti-inflammatory assay edema was reduced from 0.62 ± 0.06 to 0.45 ± 0.02 after 5 h of administration of chloroform extract (400 mg/kg), where aspirin did this from 0.60 ± 0.002 to 0.42 ± 0.01 at 200 mg/ kg dose. The motility rates of castor oil and chloroform extract were found 53.24%and 31.78% at 10 ml/kg and 400 mg/kg respectively, where the control represented 63.68% motility rate. These results show that, chloroform extract of fruit of P. fascicularis L. has significant analgesic, anti-pyretic, anti-inflammatory and gastrointestinal (GI) motility effects that increase with the increase of concentration. It can be assumed that, phytochemicals present, are the source of potency of the chloroform extract.","PeriodicalId":15259,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioanalysis & Biomedicine","volume":"os-35 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87420731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transdermal Drug Delivery System-Quality by Design Approach","authors":"Alokenath Bandyopadhyay","doi":"10.4172/1948-593X.1000181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/1948-593X.1000181","url":null,"abstract":"Transdermal Drug Delivery System (TDDS) is a delivery system of continuous drug penetration through the skin at a reproducible rate over the intended application time period. This process is accomplished by two technologies: (a) Passive, and (b) Active. The former uses particulate system or chemical penetration system enhancers, whereas active technology uses electrical device to overcome skin barriers. Some of the major reported products have quality issues. Several guidance’s are published on this aspect. For better understanding, FDA suggested to perform the development of delivery system through Quality by Design (QbD) approach. \u0000Although there are some limitations e.g. skin tolerability, skin barrier properties and variability of application site conditions, but also there are several advantages. Convenience, visibility of drug administration, consistent serum levels through steady permeation of drug across the skin, suited for delivery of drugs unstable for GI tract, removal of patch due to adverse event are all in the advantage category. So it is suggested that all critical parameters should be finalized in the pharmaceutical manufacturing development phases. The Quality Target Product Profile (QTTP) is required to establish a consistent quality product devoid of any quality issues. Overall, essential parameters are to be finalized in pharmaceutical development in order to devoid of any quality issues.","PeriodicalId":15259,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioanalysis & Biomedicine","volume":"17 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79470028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential of Biogold Nanoparticles to Control Plant Pathogenic Nematodes","authors":"R. Thakur, P. Shirkot","doi":"10.4172/1948-593X.1000182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/1948-593X.1000182","url":null,"abstract":"Increased uses of chemical pesticide were intensified to increase agriculture output in different crops in new agroecological zones. Pesticides are ineffective to solve the problem of nematodes, as nematodes population increased several months after the nematicidal were used. Due to increased selection pressure, new races of nematodes were developed. So in order to have effective management, nanoparticles offer a lot of potentials to effectively control nematodes population through its targeted approach, nanoparticles mediates higher penetration of chemicals pesticides with a minimum concentration of chemical used, as there penetrates easily through the cell wall and produces maximum effect. Gold nanoparticles kill nematodes itself, but when used along with chemicals nematicides their efficiency increased significantly.","PeriodicalId":15259,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioanalysis & Biomedicine","volume":"15 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90907244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variations in Serum Concentrations of Lead, Copper, Zinc and Selenium in Women Practicing Different Contraceptive Methods at Abia State University Teaching Hospital, Aba, Nigeria","authors":"N. Ukibe, C. Onyenekwe, M. C. Okafor, Sn Ukibe, O. Emelumadu, Aloysius Ngozi Okpogba, O. Onyema-Iloh","doi":"10.4172/1948-593X.1000180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/1948-593X.1000180","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Contraceptives are devices or techniques that permit sexual union without resultant pregnancy. Women on different contraceptive methods have been linked with the development of various diseases including changes in serum trace element levels. Therefore, the relationship between contraceptive use and trace elements needs to be investigated. This was a cohort study designed to determine the possible variations in serum concentrations of lead, copper, zinc and selenium in women practicing different contraceptive methods and attending family planning clinic at Abia State University Teaching Hospital, Aba, Southeast, Nigeria. \u0000Methods: Two hundred and forty (240) women within their reproductive age of 18-45 years were recruited for the study. sixty (60) women were on implants, sixty (60) were on intra uterine contraceptive device (IUCD) while sixty (60) were on combined oral contraceptive pills (COCP), the remaining sixty (60) women who were not on any contraceptive methods were recruited among the staff of the hospital and used as control group. 5 ml of venous blood sample was collected and dispensed into plain containers. Serum was processed and stored at -20EšC until assayed for lead, copper, selenium and zinc using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). \u0000Results: The result shows that the mean serum level of copper was significantly higher in women on all the contraceptive methods (Implants, IUCD and COCP) when compared with control group (p<0.05 respectively). However, the mean serum levels of selenium and zinc were significantly lower in women on different contraceptive methods when compared with control group (p<0.05 respectively). The mean serum copper (mg/dl) in women on implant and IUCD were significantly higher when compared with women on COCP (p<0.05 in each case) and significantly lower in implant than IUCD participants (p<0.05). The mean serum level of zinc (mg/dl) was significantly higher in women on COCP and IUCD compared with women on implant and significantly lower in COCP compared with women on IUCD (p<0.05 in each case). The mean serum level of selenium in women on COCP was significantly higher compared with women on implant and IUCD (p<0.05) and significantly lower in participants on implants than those on IUCD (p<0.05). \u0000Conclusion: The present study established a significant reduction in trace elements degrees suggesting possible deficiency of these minerals while significantly higher level of copper observed in women on all the contraceptive methods suggests potential risk of cardiovascular problems and oxidative stress in the affected women. It is therefore suggested that routine assessment of trace elements be recommended for women practicing various contraceptive methods in order to improve their quality of lives and easy management.","PeriodicalId":15259,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioanalysis & Biomedicine","volume":"37 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87263235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevailing Serum Vitamin D Levels among Individuals in South Karnataka","authors":"S. Bhat, Ian Lasrado, S. Rajeshwari, Arpitha Gururaja, K. Prabhu, P. Rao","doi":"10.4172/1948-593X.1000178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/1948-593X.1000178","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Prevalence of vitamin D is very high in India. The aim of the present study was to determine according to age groups, the status of vitamin D among individuals using samples received at clinical biochemistry laboratory. \u0000Materials and methods: The study population was grouped according to gender and age in decades. They were divided into three groups according to serum vitamin D status-NVD (normal serum vitamin D, >30 ng/ml), VDI (vitamin D insufficiency, 20-30 ng/ml), VDD (vitamin D deficiency, <20 ng/ml). Blood was collected in plain vacutainers and serum obtained was used for vitamin D estimation. Results were expressed as percentage of the sub-population in question. \u0000Results: Only 13% of the total study population was normal, 70% was vitamin D deficient and 17% showed vitamin D insufficiency. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was very high in all age groups and both genders. In all age groups, there were a higher percentage of females in the vitamin D insufficient and deficient groups. Males recorded higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the 0-10 and 20-30 years age group while females recorded higher prevalence of the vitamin deficiency in the 20-30 years and 30-40 years age group \u0000Conclusion: The prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency in the present study was high at all age groups and both genders. Further research needs to be conducted to correlate the changing dietary habits to the alterations in availability of 7-dehydrocholesterol for cutaneous biosynthesis of vitamin D.","PeriodicalId":15259,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioanalysis & Biomedicine","volume":"52 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91296921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Extra Panadol on Blood and Behavior of Rats","authors":"N. Waris, R. Kausar, Farina Naz, A. Raza","doi":"10.4172/1948-593X.1000179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/1948-593X.1000179","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To study the effect of Panadol extra on blood and behavior of rats. \u0000Methods: Locally bred male albino Wister rats weighing about 145 to 155 g on arrival purchased from animal house, research institute of Agha Khan University Karachi Pakistan were used throughout the experiments. Total of 24 rats were grouped into two: 12 rats called control and 12 test group. Normal saline was given to control while, 500 mg/tablet (extra Panadol) into 30 mg/kg body weight was dissolved in water and was given to rats. Behavioral study was observed. After 3 weeks of treatment rats were decapitated. Automated Hematology Analyzer SYSMEX XP 100 and Biochemical analyzer the Roche/Hitachi 902 was used for liver enzymes and hematological analysis. \u0000Results: Panadol extra has no effect on locomotor activity and the effect of stimulatory activity of rats increases. Depression and anxiety of rats decreases and at the same time it is useful to enhance memory. Hematological parameters and liver enzymes were also non-significantly decreased in test group of rats as compare to control group. Panadol extra is considered a good choice of drug and its side effects are very rare if it is used properly but by frequent and prolonged or excessive use of Panadol extra rats become unable to Fight against diseases and it also highly significantly decreases the PLT count by which their blood clotting mechanism is highly disturbed. \u0000Conclusion: Present study concludes that this drug may be used to enhance memory and decrease anxiety and depression for good performance.","PeriodicalId":15259,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioanalysis & Biomedicine","volume":"50 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90794971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}