Tamilarasu kaliappan, Aashiq A. Shukkoor, Prem Krishna Anandan, Nimmy E. George, R. Gopalan, S. Kannappan, Dr. Prem Krishna, DM AnandanMD
{"title":"Mural Vegetation In Infective Endocarditis- Is It A Predictor For Embolism?","authors":"Tamilarasu kaliappan, Aashiq A. Shukkoor, Prem Krishna Anandan, Nimmy E. George, R. Gopalan, S. Kannappan, Dr. Prem Krishna, DM AnandanMD","doi":"10.31838/jcdr.2021.12.01.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31838/jcdr.2021.12.01.01","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Infective endocarditis is a microbial infection of endocardial surface of the heart and vegetation is the characteristic lesion of the disease. Mural endocarditis is a condition of rare diagnosis and may be difficult to find vegetation by standard views in transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). Identifying the mural vegetation not only helps to diagnose Infective endocarditis, but also predicts the risk for developing embolism. Aim of this study is to find the occurrence of embolism in patients with mural endocarditis. Method: A Retrospective, observational study was done for IE patients admitted from the year 2012 to 2018, in which total of 58 patients with definite diagnosis of infective endocarditis were identified. Among which 8 patients were excluded based on the exclusion criteria. Results: Total 50 patients were identified with IE, which includes 7 with mural vegetation and 43 without mural vegetation. Cultures were positive in 71.4% and 88.3% IE patients with and without mural vegetation respectively. One patient was found to have corynebacterium species with mural vegetation and embolic stroke, which is a rare occurrence. Among 43 IE patients without mural vegetation, 88.3% patients showed presence of vegetation in echocardiogram. Size of vegetation were 13 ± 6 and 14.6 ± 2.9 mm, respectively (p>0.005). All the patients with mural vegetation and 9.3% from without mural vegetation had cerebral embolic events (p < 0.005). Conclusion: Though mural vegetation is not common, but if present, it helps in diagnosis and also it may predict a propensity for embolism. Our results indicate that in patients with mural endocarditis, the propensity of embolism is more.","PeriodicalId":15222,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cardiovascular Disease Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69628891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Yavagal, Puja C. Yavagal, Soumya Sv, S. Sreedhar, S. Mangalekar, Madhu Hariharan
{"title":"Efficacy of laser photodynamic therapy on fungal infections and post COVID mucormycosis: a narrative review","authors":"C. Yavagal, Puja C. Yavagal, Soumya Sv, S. Sreedhar, S. Mangalekar, Madhu Hariharan","doi":"10.31838/jcdr.2021.12.03.62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31838/jcdr.2021.12.03.62","url":null,"abstract":"Fungal infections are a major public health hazard that affect both healthy and immunocompromised people around the world. The Covid-19 pandemic is affecting Global Health and the worlds economy dramatically since early 2020. A significant number of COVID- 19 recovered patients are getting infected with fungal infections such as Mucormycosis. We do not seem to have enough resources and potent anti fungal medications to treat such patients. Similarities of fungi to mammalian cells have further led to difficulties in the development of new anti fungal drugs. Thus, there is a clear need for novel interventional strategies and innovative approaches to counter the mounting menace of opportunistic fungal infections in COVID recovered patients","PeriodicalId":15222,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cardiovascular Disease Research","volume":"12 1","pages":"407-416"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69630845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Abacan, T. Chua, A. Cruz, I. Yarre, J. Caguiat, Z. Alam
{"title":"Anthropometric measurements for assessing the diabetes mellitus risk status in the filipino cohort population","authors":"J. Abacan, T. Chua, A. Cruz, I. Yarre, J. Caguiat, Z. Alam","doi":"10.31838/jcdr.2021.12.03.72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31838/jcdr.2021.12.03.72","url":null,"abstract":"The measurement of anthropometric indices can be used to promote early prevention of Diabetes mellitus (DM) in the Filipino population. This study aims to compare the recommended anthropometric measurements namely body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio (WHR), skin fold thickness, and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) of two groups, those with diabetes and those without (control), to predict the health risk status of the Filipino adult population. The results suggest that the parameters such as BMI, waist circumference, and WHR in females proved to be the most accurate to predict the diabetes risk among Filipino females. On the other hand, using the logistic regression model, the BMI, MUAC, and waist circumference indices collectively were found to have significant bearings with regard to the risk of acquiring DM. The Asian cut-off values of 18.5-24.9 kg/m2 for BMI, and < 90cm and < 80cm for waist circumference of male and female respectively, as recommended according to Taiwanese standards, are also said to apply to the Filipino population. This study is perhaps the first study in the Philippines that has relied on actual data gathering instead of using meta-analysis as done in earlier studies. In the wake of higher mortality in the diabetic COVID 19 positive patients, the gathering of baseline data of potential DM patients will help the government/stakeholders to efficiently strategize public health policies related to future preparedness for such pandemics.","PeriodicalId":15222,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cardiovascular Disease Research","volume":"12 1","pages":"491-501"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69630900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Legal Control of Covid-19 Pandemic and National Lockdown in India","authors":"M. Nomani, Faisal Sherwani","doi":"10.31838/JCDR.2020.11.04.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31838/JCDR.2020.11.04.06","url":null,"abstract":"The legal control of COVID-19 pandemic during two months national lockdown in India derives its sustenance from Article 47 and Entry 29 of the seventh schedule of the Constitution of India, 1950. The controlling mechanism administered through the vintage law contained under the Indian Penal Code, 1860 and Epidemic Diseases Act), 1897. India witnessed COVID-19 infection in the states of Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Gujarat and Delhi. They account for two-thirds of Indias total cases surpassing Wuhan of Hubei province in China. On the legal front, the COVID-19 pandemic invented an innovative strategy under the Disaster Management Act, 2005 by the legitimate assumption of catastrophe and calamity. The implementation of quarantine law spearheaded the security of health professions as a significant problem. The public health reform discerned into Presidential promulgation of Epidemic Diseases (Amendment) Ordinance, 2020. The socio-economic fall out of the COVID-19 pandemic and consequent lockdown calls for judicial intervention to meet the goals of health care and equity. The paper examines the comparative case studies for testing the legitimacy of quarantine law enforcement. It delves deep into the Indian Supreme Court decisions in meeting the contemporary challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic in the framework of public health law reform in India.","PeriodicalId":15222,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cardiovascular Disease Research","volume":"11 1","pages":"32-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49592431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Factors of Multidrug Resistance Tuberculosis","authors":"Vikas Kumar, Vaishali V. Raje","doi":"10.31838/jcdr.2020.11.03.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31838/jcdr.2020.11.03.01","url":null,"abstract":"The tuberculosis study subjects were diagnosed on the basis of sputum microscopic examination. Tuberculosis is a chronic, communicable and infectious disease mainly caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This case-control study was carried out among 104 MDR-TB cases and 104 drug sensitive tuberculosis cases as controls. Among cases and controls 66(63.5%) male and 38(36.5%) female tuberculosis patients were on treatment for tuberculosis under district tuberculosis centre Satara. Most of the study participants from both cases and controls group were from rural area. The male predominance was seen in both drug resistant and drug sensitive tuberculosis. Majority of study subject from cases (70.2%) and controls (68.3%) belonged to age group 19 to 40 years of age. So it was concluded that the primary infection that the patients have got is due to multidrug resistance tuberculosis contact. Among medical condition asthma found to be significantly associated with multidrug resistance tuberculosis.","PeriodicalId":15222,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cardiovascular Disease Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42571244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Review Article: Impact of Ivabradine on Cardiovascular Morbidity","authors":"M. Gammone, G. Riccioni, N. D’Orazio","doi":"10.5530/jcdr.2020.11.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5530/jcdr.2020.11.02","url":null,"abstract":"Heart failure is a complex clinical syndrome with a high incidence all over the world. Although various types of pharmacological \u0000and device therapies are available, the control of increased heart rate (HR) is critical. The bradycardic agent, ivabradine (IVA), \u0000has been displayed to reduce HR by inhibiting the funny current (If). The underlying mechanism states that ivabradine can enter \u0000the hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels and bind to the intracellular side, subsequently inhibiting \u0000the If. This phenomenon can prolong the slow spontaneous phase in the diastolic depolarization, and thus, reduce HR. Many \u0000epidemiological studies reported a strong independent association between elevated heart rate and major cardiovascular risk \u0000factors including atherosclerosis, ventricular arrhythmias, and left ventricular dysfunction. The heart rate reduction with IVA \u0000is beneficial in patients with coronary artery disease CAD, chronic stable angina pectoris, and chronic heart failure (CHF), with \u0000acceptable tolerance and safety profile. The pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties of this drug make it an important \u0000agent in the management of patients with CAD and HF. The aim of this short review is to explore recent results with IVA a new \u0000medication that lowers heart rate by selectively inhibiting the If current, and to describe others future potential applications.","PeriodicalId":15222,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cardiovascular Disease Research","volume":"11 1","pages":"4-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44269967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Caminiti, DAntoni, Morsella, M. Torti, P. Grassini, L. Vacca, F. Stocchi, S. Selli, M. Volterrani
{"title":"Correlation Between Systolic Blood Pressure Variability and Global Longitudinal Strain in Patients with Parkinson's Disease and Dysautonomia","authors":"G. Caminiti, DAntoni, Morsella, M. Torti, P. Grassini, L. Vacca, F. Stocchi, S. Selli, M. Volterrani","doi":"10.5530/jcdr.2020.11.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5530/jcdr.2020.11.01","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Patients with Parkinsons disease (PD) and dysautonomia often present elevated blood pressure (BP) \u0000variability. However if the elevate BP variability is correlated with subclinical echocardiography abnormalities have been \u0000poorly investigated yet. Our aim was to evaluate the correlation between indices of left ventricular function and 24/h BP \u0000variability in patients with PD. \u0000Methods: We studied 21 patients with diagnosed PD and autonomic dysfunction and 20 hypertensive age-matched \u0000subjects. All patients underwent 24/h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) and echocardiography. Left ventricular \u0000(LV) systolic function was evaluated by ejection fraction (EF), tissue Doppler s wave and global longitudinal strain (GLS). BP \u0000variability was evaluated through average real variability. \u0000Results: At ABPM, patients with PD had an higher occurrence of nocturnal hypertension, orthostatic hypotension and \u0000post-prandial hypotension compared to hypertensive subjects. GLS, tissue Doppler s velocity, LVEF, LV mass index, \u0000and E/e ratio were similar between the patients with PD and those with hypertension. In patients with PD there was a \u0000significant correlation between GLS and 24/h systolic BP variability (r= 0.44; p=0.01). a trend through significance between \u000024 systolic BP variability and tissue Doppler s velocity (r= -0.31; p=0.06). \u0000Conclusions: In PD patients, short-term BP variability was inversely related to GLS. GLS seems to be an early detector of \u0000LV dysfunction in patients with PD and autonomic dysfunction.","PeriodicalId":15222,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cardiovascular Disease Research","volume":"11 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49180023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Lion, G. Oei, Nancy A. Collado, Sharn Singh, T. Martens
{"title":"Integration of 3-dimensional Imaging into a Congenital Heart Disease Curriculum for the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit","authors":"R. Lion, G. Oei, Nancy A. Collado, Sharn Singh, T. Martens","doi":"10.5530/jcdr.2020.11.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5530/jcdr.2020.11.04","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Successful management of congenital heart disease involves understanding complex 3-dimensional anatomy and \u0000physiology. Implementation of 3-dimensional imaging with medical education has shown to improve learner retention and selfefficacy. \u0000At our institution, care is provided by physicians with varied training backgrounds including Neonatology, Cardiology, \u0000Surgery, Pediatrics and Intensive Care. We evaluated the implementation of a surgical case-based curriculum incorporating 3D \u0000imaging across multiple platforms to our multidisciplinary providers over a six-month pilot study period. \u0000Methods: Surgical case-based lectures were developed utilizing 3D imaging derived from patient-specific radiologic studies \u0000and open source applications, incorporated with existing peer-reviewed curriculum. During the week of surgery, a thirty-minute \u0000didactic session reviewing pre-operative anatomy, physiology, surgical indications and options, and post-operative management \u0000was presented to the multidisciplinary team. Anonymous responses to pre and post surveys of knowledge, perceived care \u0000ability, session content and format, were compared utilizing ordinal logistic regression. The pilot study period lasted from July \u00002018 January 2019. \u0000Results: 45 cardiac intensive care unit providers, mostly non-physicians [53%, (24/45)], with less than 2 years experience [48%, \u0000(22/45)] attended eight distinct case-based lectures throughout the study period. >80% of participants report strong agreement \u0000regarding effectiveness of the session format, including 3D imaging visualization. Our primary educational outcome measures \u0000included significant self-reported improvements in anatomic, physiologic, and surgical knowledge, and perceived care ability, \u0000independent of background and years experience. \u0000Conclusion: 3D imaging can be successfully integrated into clinical didactic curricula to refine knowledge and improve care ability \u0000for a broad range of congenital heart disease providers.","PeriodicalId":15222,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cardiovascular Disease Research","volume":"11 1","pages":"12-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47931041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Resistive Index is an Early Indicator for Flow Deterioration in Comparison with Intima Media Thickness for Patients with Hypertension and Diabetes in Relation to Age","authors":"A. Al-Sabbagh, S. I. Essa, A. Saleh","doi":"10.5530/jcdr.2020.11.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5530/jcdr.2020.11.05","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Atherosclerosis is well known related to age and certain cardiovascular diseases. Aging is one reason of arteries \u0000function deterioration which can cause loss of compliance and plaque accumulation, this effect increases by the presence of \u0000certain diseases such as hypertension and diabetes disease. \u0000Aim: To investigate the reduction of blood supply to the brain in patients with diabetes and hypertension with age and the role of \u0000resistive index in the diagnosis of reduced blood flow. \u0000Method: Patients with both diseases diabetic and hypertension were classified according to their age to identify the progression \u0000of the disease and factors influencing the carotid artery blood flow. By using ultrasound and standard Doppler techniques, the \u0000following parameters were measured, lumen Diameter (D), Intima media thickness (IMT), peak systolic velocity (PSV), end \u0000diastolic velocity (EDV), Pulsatility Index (PI), Resistive Index (RI), velocity gradient, and the flow rate. \u0000Results: Results show that a small insignificant increase in the lumen diameter (3.49%), (p value > 0.05) between the old age \u0000group and the younger group (35- 55) and (56-75) year old. A significant increase in the intima-media (IMT) thickness, end diastolic \u0000velocity (EDV) and RI between both age groups was (33.78%), (-31.76%) and (10%) respectively with significant (p value 0.05) but all were statistically close to significance. \u0000Conclusion: The increased thickness in IMT did not influence the lumen diameter significantly. RI has the prime effect in the \u0000reduction of the blood flow which influenced blood supply to the brain and can indicate the effectiveness of intima media thickness \u0000on flow impairment. The changes in PSV, EDV, RI, and PI are also related with reduced compliance.","PeriodicalId":15222,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cardiovascular Disease Research","volume":"11 1","pages":"16-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47466154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Abtahi, Daryoush Rostami, Narges Ajilain, Thahmine Zafari, Reza Jafarzadeh Esfehani, Arash Poursheikhani, Mohammad Soudyab, N. Pahlavani, A. Sadr-Nabavi
{"title":"The Relation between CYP2C9 Gene Polymorphism and Warfarin Dosing in an Iranian Population","authors":"S. Abtahi, Daryoush Rostami, Narges Ajilain, Thahmine Zafari, Reza Jafarzadeh Esfehani, Arash Poursheikhani, Mohammad Soudyab, N. Pahlavani, A. Sadr-Nabavi","doi":"10.5530/jcdr.2020.11.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5530/jcdr.2020.11.03","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Warfarin is a common anticoagulant agent which is widely used in many countries. However, Warfarin is one of \u0000those drugs which requires close monitoring and dosing while inappropriate could lead to hemorrhagic epoxides. Achieving \u0000a desirable international normalized ratio (INR) range depends on various demographic factors and genetic factors are now \u0000becoming an emerging area of interest in cardiovascular research. CYP2C9 is a gene encoding a member of cytochrome P450 \u0000enzyme which metabolizes many drugs. Genetic variation in this gene has been linked to abruption in Warfarin drug response. In \u0000present study the effect of genetic polymorphisms in CYP2C9 gene and its response to Warfarin is investigated. \u0000Methods: Total of 95 patients who had cardiovascular diseases and were using Warfarin for at least 3 months were enrolled in this \u0000cross sectional study. Their DNA was extracted and the genetic polymorphisms in CYP2C9 gene (RS1799853 as CYP2C*2 and \u0000RS1057910 as CYP2C9*3) were evaluated by using polymerase chain reaction and sequencing. Kruskal-Wallis test were used for \u0000comparing the Warfarin values between the genotype groups. The SPSS software 22v was used for data analysis. \u0000Results: Among the study population the prevalence of genotypes were as follow: CC/AA: 61.1, CT/AA: 17.9, CT/AC: 1.1, CC/AC: \u00003.6, TT/AA: 2.3, CC/CC: 0%. The CC/AA and CC/AC variants were related to Warfarin dose (P","PeriodicalId":15222,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cardiovascular Disease Research","volume":"11 1","pages":"9-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45920990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}