{"title":"A Brief History of Beiji (Northern Culmen)","authors":"D. Pankenier","doi":"10.46472/cc.01208.0245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46472/cc.01208.0245","url":null,"abstract":"In ancient Chinese astral lore, the imperial nomenclature associated with the circumpolar stars in the Palace of Purple Tenuity points to the crucial importance of the north-pole in astrological, calendrical, and spiritual contexts. But preoccupation with this numinous region has a history far longer than the Chinese empire, founded in 221 BCE. This paper briefly surveys what is known about the pre-imperial history of the region of the ‘Northern Culmen’, with particular reference to spiritual and metaphysical conceptions relating to the Northern Dipper, and to the void at the pivot of the heavens which lacked a pole star throughout much of the formative period of classical Chinese civilization. The discussion concludes with a hypothesis about the astral origins of the ancient form of the character used to denote the High God ‘di’.","PeriodicalId":152044,"journal":{"name":"Culture and Cosmos","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114135367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Robinson Jeffers: Poetic Responses to a Cosmological Revolution","authors":"R. Olowin","doi":"10.46472/cc.01208.0243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46472/cc.01208.0243","url":null,"abstract":"Robinson Jeffers is considered one of the few twentieth-century poets who include contemporary scientific astronomical observations and theory as not merely an image vehicle but as an interpretive element in their work. He uses scientific terminology and refers to what were advanced theories regarding the nature of the universe and humankind's place in it. It is suggested that his brother, Hamilton, an astronomer working at the Lick Observatory, may have been one of the sources and a stimulant for his inspiration and ruminations on the mysteries of the cosmos. Jeffers' use of novel astronomical ideas as well as personal observations of celestial phenomena lends a potent veracity to his work as he develops a poetic response to the cosmological revolution led by Einstein and punctuated by Hubble.","PeriodicalId":152044,"journal":{"name":"Culture and Cosmos","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123965347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An interpretation of the `Sky Disc of Nebra´ as an icon for a bronze age planetarium mechanism with parallels to the moving world soul in Plato's Timaeus","authors":"B. Steinrücken","doi":"10.46472/cc.01208.0267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46472/cc.01208.0267","url":null,"abstract":"Analysis of the geometry and the internal symmetries of the bronze age Sky Disc of Nebra unseals a highly sophisticated mathematical design that could be interpreted as an icon for a planetarium mechanism to simulate the spatial and temporal aspects of the solar year and the visibility of the Pleiades during the seasons as described by Hesiod. The artistic world construction of the Sky Disc of Nebra is based on mathematical principles similar to the principles for the design of the moving world-soul in Plato's Timaeus.","PeriodicalId":152044,"journal":{"name":"Culture and Cosmos","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131978435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Organising INSAP","authors":"V. Shrimplin","doi":"10.46472/cc.01208.0103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46472/cc.01208.0103","url":null,"abstract":"It was the chance meeting of Nick Campion and Valerie Shrimplin at the Second INSAP conference in Malta, January 1999 that led directly to the holding of the fourth conference (4½ years later) at Magdalen College, Oxford. Dr Shrimplin coordinated the organisation of the conference.","PeriodicalId":152044,"journal":{"name":"Culture and Cosmos","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132316178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Aberration of Starlight and/in Postmodernist Fiction","authors":"Bernd Klahn","doi":"10.46472/cc.01208.0227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46472/cc.01208.0227","url":null,"abstract":"Gilbert Sorrentino's novel, ‘Aberration of Starlight’, alludes to an experiment by James Bradley (1728) proving that the speed of light is enormously high, but limited. His technique consisted of a measurement of the angle, under which a given star could be observed. His experiments proved a tight connection between the direction of the Earth's movement and the angle of observation, resulting in a special angle of aberration of starlight; thus he could give a quantitative value for the velocity of light, taken from astronomical observations of a star, without employing any further technical device. Bradley's main idea consisted in the concept that an unknown speed might be measured by comparing it to the velocity of the observer, who has to fix his observations on one distant object. This idea may be traced in Sorrentino's novel, where he applies Bradley's concept to the description of 'moving subjects' whose only chance to register the developmental speed of another subject is to compare it – in a given coercive situation – to one's own rate of change. Analogous to Bradley's geometrical technique, Sorrentino applies methods of 'narrative triangulation', leading to a complex but systematically structured pattern of subjective interactions. Regarding this (rather technological) background, Sorrentino's novel is a neological fictional achievement, offering tightly knit correlations between the worldmaking of modern natural sciences and the narrative modes of (post)modern self- and world-composition.","PeriodicalId":152044,"journal":{"name":"Culture and Cosmos","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115300010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"How Galileo Dedicated the Moons of Jupiter to Cosimo II de Medici","authors":"N. Kollerstrom","doi":"10.46472/cc.01208.0229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46472/cc.01208.0229","url":null,"abstract":"This article looks at the logic whereby in 1610 Galileo was able to change, from being the mathematics lecturer at Padua university to become the ‘court philosopher’ of Florence, following his discovery of the Jupiter-moons. Within the framework of Biagioli’s excellent account of these events, I argue for a slightly different perspective as regards why Galileo decided, or felt obliged, to dedicate the new moons to Cosimo II de Medici, in terms of a perceived astrological context to the event. I further suggest that a fuller appreciation of Galileo’s character is obtained by looking at the extent to which he shared the belief, widely accepted at the Medici court, of astrologically ordained destiny. By way of comparison, this article looks at nativities which Galileo cast for himself and for his Venetian friend, Sagredo, with his written commentary upon the latter. This work is developed in my ‘Galileo’s Astrology’.","PeriodicalId":152044,"journal":{"name":"Culture and Cosmos","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132738355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Paris Solstice: A visual art project touching on themes of history, society, astronomy, and technology","authors":"D. Garwood","doi":"10.46472/cc.01208.0215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46472/cc.01208.0215","url":null,"abstract":"‘Paris Solstice’ is a visual art project touching on themes of history, society, astronomy, and technology. Research and travel for two papers I undertook in 2000 and 2001 were the unintentional beginnings of ‘Paris Solstice’. This new series about images, in colour process, gelatine silver, and digital formats, merges two different sets of photographs: views over the rooftops of Paris and photographs of nineteenth-century scientific tables. My ongoing interest in aesthetic, documentary, and conceptual aspects of photography is reflected in ‘Paris Solstice’.","PeriodicalId":152044,"journal":{"name":"Culture and Cosmos","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132103411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Die Planetentheorie: its uses and meanings for the Saxon mining communities and the culture of the Dresden Court 1553–1719","authors":"Sarah Richards","doi":"10.46472/cc.01208.0255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46472/cc.01208.0255","url":null,"abstract":"This paper seeks to demonstrate, albeit in brief outline, how different strands of knowledge and belief about the planets and their relationship to material matters here on earth, were upheld or rejected in early modern humanist texts. Evidence can be found in sixteenth-century printed books which propound alchemical theories about the influence of the seven planets on the earthbound metals, and those which refute such ideas. In the metal-rich region of Saxony the Dresden court ceremonials appropriated these beliefs, and applied them in a rich iconographical tradition that represented the planets in relation to the mines and metallurgical workshops that brought wealth to the state. The tradition was upheld in the calendar of court ceremonies and festivals that took place in Dresden between 1574 and 1719. These were ephemeral events, in which the appropriation of planetary symbolism, largely for ideological purposes, was recorded in visual and verbal descriptive forms.","PeriodicalId":152044,"journal":{"name":"Culture and Cosmos","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131735919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Poetic Responses to the Size of the Universe: Astronomical Imagery and Cosmological Constraints","authors":"R. Poss","doi":"10.46472/cc.01208.0247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46472/cc.01208.0247","url":null,"abstract":"How have writers responded to the enormous size of the astronomical universe? This paper reviews a number of poetic meditations on the nature of human life spurred by revelations from astronomy, specifically relating to the increasing size of the physical universe and how this impacts upon humanity's psychological and spiritual being. Beginning with the conversations on the cosmic ‘annihilation’ of the human between Swithin St Cleve and Lady Constantine in Thomas Hardy's novel ‘Two on a Tower’ (1882), the first group of texts examined reveal the orientation of the ‘alien within’, a cosmological agoraphobia. The interior and exterior of this attitude is examined, that is, how much of it was really prompted by the inhumanly large size of the cosmos and how much of it was there already, an alienation opportunistically projected onto the astronomy of the time. Both humanistic and religious reactions against this posture are discussed. The second group of poetic responses to the size of the universe comes from a younger generation of poets, writers who have grown up acquainted with the basics of modern astronomy. This group includes Diane Ackerman (‘Lady Faustus’), Emily Grosholz (‘Poems overheard at a Conference on Relativity Theory’), Michael Collier (‘The Heavy Light of Shifting Stars’), and Pattiann Rogers (‘Achieving Perspective’). These writers employ concrete sensual imagery on a more human scale to establish a poetic connection between the observer and distant astronomical bodies, reintegrating our human presence in an increasingly vast universe.","PeriodicalId":152044,"journal":{"name":"Culture and Cosmos","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125409265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Journey of Celestial Lights: The Sky as Allegory in Melville’s ‘Moby Dick’","authors":"Daniel R. Matlaga","doi":"10.46472/cc.01208.0239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46472/cc.01208.0239","url":null,"abstract":"Scholars have long sought a blueprint that cohesively ties together various events and characters in ‘Moby Dick’; a 'key' that will unlock its secrets and allow a greater understanding of the novel. After 150 years, we have Melville’s key: the sky. In his PhD thesis, John F. Birk suggested that, as the Pequod sails from one ocean to the next in search of the great white whale, it sails through the twelve traditional constellations of the zodiac. Birk identifies thirteen characters with zodiacal constellations, and a few non-zodiacal constellations with individual chapters. However, Melville’s genius goes further in his use of astronomical phenomena than Birk suggests. The Pequod leaves Nantucket at noon on December 25, 1838 and is destroyed by the white whale at sunset January 4, 1840. His use of six of the nine 'gams' or meetings between the Pequod with other whale ships on the high seas provide the necessary planetary data to precisely determine, for the first time, the year at sea. The white whale provides the day of destruction and constellations the hour. Further, Melville was able to relate phases of the moon, solar eclipses, comets, meteor showers, constellations, stars and other celestial events of that year to story events, structure and characters. Using this new understanding, one can see ‘Moby Dick’ – and indeed the sky –as Herman Melville did. No longer must it remain his '…most admired and least understood novel'.","PeriodicalId":152044,"journal":{"name":"Culture and Cosmos","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126002644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}