Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease最新文献

{"title":"Obesity-Induced PVAT Dysfunction and Atherosclerosis Development: The Role of GHSR-1a in Increased Macrophage Infiltration and Adipocytokine Secretion.","authors":"Sorin Nicolae Peiu, Florin Zugun-Eloae, Bogdan Stoica, Ecaterina Anisie, Diana Gabriela Iosep, Mihai Danciu, Iustina Silivestru-Crețu, Fawzy Akad, Andrei Nicolae Avadanei, Laura Condur, Radu Florin Popa, Veronica Mocanu","doi":"10.3390/jcdd12030087","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jcdd12030087","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In obesity, recent research revealed that increased expression of the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR) in macrophages plays a pivotal role in the development of meta-inflammation, promoting macrophage infiltration and pro-inflammatory polarization. This study aimed to examine the association between GHSR-1a expression in atherosclerotic plaques and adjacent perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) from 11 patients with obesity and peripheral artery disease (PAD) who underwent revascularization procedures. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess the expression of CD68, CD80, and CD14, while tissue homogenate levels of adiponectin, leptin, IL-6, and CRP were quantified via ELISA. Serum markers of inflammation were also measured. Among patients with GHSR-1a-positive (+) macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques, we observed significantly higher white blood cell counts and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratios in serum, a lower adiponectin-to-leptin ratio, and elevated IL-6 levels in both arterial and PVAT homogenates. Our findings suggest a link between GHSR-1a and macrophage/monocyte infiltration, macrophage polarization, and adipocytokine secretion in atherosclerotic plaques associated with obesity-induced PVAT dysfunction.</p>","PeriodicalId":15197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease","volume":"12 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11942683/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143709866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender Differences for His Bundle Pacing Long-Term Performance in the Elderly Population.","authors":"Catalin Pestrea, Ecaterina Cicala, Dragos Lovin, Adrian Gheorghe, Florin Ortan, Rosana Manea","doi":"10.3390/jcdd12030088","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jcdd12030088","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>His bundle pacing (HBP) is considered the most physiological form of cardiac pacing. Although feasibility studies have included older patients, specific data for HBP in this population are scarce. This study aimed to evaluate gender differences in HBP long-term performance in elderly patients with atrioventricular (AV) block.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study included 73 patients aged over 65 years with successful HBP and at least 2 years of follow-up. The patients' baseline and follow-up clinical and procedural characteristics were recorded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of the cohort was 72.8 ± 6.3 years, with 43 males and 30 females. The paced QRS complex was significantly narrower than the baseline value for both genders. Females had a narrower-paced QRS complex without differences in detection, type of His bundle capture, impedance, or fluoroscopy time. The pacing threshold increased progressively, reaching statistical significance compared to the baseline values at the two-year follow-up. The pacing threshold increased by more than 1 V over the follow-up period in twenty-four patients (32.9%) and by more than 2 V in six patients (8.2%), with no significant difference between genders. The pacing threshold increase occurred within the first year for most patients, without gender differences. Multivariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated that the paced QRS duration, left ventricular ejection fraction, and ischemic cardiomyopathy were significantly associated with the pacing threshold increase over time.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In elderly patients with AV block, HBP remains a feasible pacing method, without significant gender differences, over a long-term follow-up period. Pacing threshold increases are expected in up to one-third of the patients, requiring regular follow-ups to adjust the programmed parameters and optimize battery longevity.</p>","PeriodicalId":15197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease","volume":"12 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11942736/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143709585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive Threshold Value of the Breathing Reserve for the Decline in Cardiorespiratory Fitness Among the Healthy Middle-Aged Population.","authors":"Tao Shen, Yang Wang, Jinglin Li, Shunlin Xu, Peng Wang, Wei Zhao","doi":"10.3390/jcdd12030085","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jcdd12030085","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the cut-off value of the breathing reserve for predicting a decline in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) among healthy middle-aged Chinese individuals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Healthy middle-aged individuals who underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) at the Peking University Third Hospital from May to October 2021 were selected. The study included 321 participants, with an average age of 48.8 ± 5.7 years. They were divided into two groups based on the peak oxygen uptake (VO₂peak): the adequate CRF group and the CRF decline group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to explore the factors influencing CRF.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the male CRF decline group, heart rate, alanine aminotransferase, end-tidal partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PETCO₂), and breathing reserve (BR%) were significantly higher, while the oxygen uptake at the anaerobic threshold (VO₂@AT) was lower. An elevated BR% was independently associated with CRF decline (OR = 1.111, 95% CI: 1.068-1.156). The female CRF decline group had significantly higher FEV1/FVC and BR% and significantly lower age, fasting glucose, hemoglobin, and VO₂@AT compared to the adequate CRF group. Elevated BR% was independently associated with CRF decline (OR = 1.086, 95% CI: 1.038-1.137). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for the males showed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.769 (95% CI: 0.703-0.827) with an appropriate BR% cut-off value of 49.9%, sensitivity of 59.9%, and specificity of 77.8%. For the females, the ROC curve displayed an AUC of 0.694 (95% CI: 0.607-0.773) with an appropriate BR% cut-off value of 57.0%, sensitivity of 58.7%, and specificity of 86.0%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The breathing reserve was independently associated with CRF. The appropriate cut-off values for BR% to predict CRF decline were 49.9% for the males and 57.0% for the females.</p>","PeriodicalId":15197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease","volume":"12 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11943329/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143709874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Not All SAVR Are Created Equal: All the Approaches Available for Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement.","authors":"Francesco Cabrucci, Serge Sicouri, Massimo Baudo, Dimitrios E Magouliotis, Yoshiyuki Yamashita, Beatrice Bacchi, Dario Petrone, Beman Wasef, Aleksander Dokollari, Massimo Bonacchi, Basel Ramlawi","doi":"10.3390/jcdd12030084","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jcdd12030084","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement (SAVR) is still one of the pillars of cardiac surgery practice, and its role is evolving into a more complex operation. The competition with structural valve therapies and the urgent demand for less invasive solutions have unleashed surgeons' creativity in adapting to these new challenges. All the possible ways to surgically replace the aortic valve are analyzed in this review. Surgical techniques, advantages and disadvantages, and key differences are listed, helping surgeons navigate the available options. Sternotomy SAVR is the benchmark, but that is becoming obsolete and, in some cases, no longer performed for teaching purposes. Mini sternotomy is the easiest way to achieve minimal invasiveness in all anatomic situations, while right anterior thoracotomy is an elegant solution mastered by fewer surgeons. Endoscopic and robotic-assisted techniques are shaping the future of SAVR, yet they still lack wide adoption. The choice of approach is mainly dictated by the anatomic features of the patient and the surgeon's skills. A flow diagram to overcome the learning curve and advance toward more complex surgery is provided here. Mastering as many techniques as possible is paramount when offering a patient-tailored approach and performing a safe and less invasive operation.</p>","PeriodicalId":15197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease","volume":"12 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11942817/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143709863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developmental and Evolutionary Heart Adaptations Through Structure-Function Relationships.","authors":"Makena Phillips, Marina Nimmo, Sandra Rugonyi","doi":"10.3390/jcdd12030083","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jcdd12030083","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While the heart works as an efficient pump, it also has a high level of adaptivity by changing its structure to maintain function during healthy and diseased states. In this Review, we present examples of structure-function relationships across species and throughout embryonic development in mammals and birds. We also summarize current research on avian models aiming at understanding how biophysical and biological mechanisms closely interact during heart formation. We conclude by underscoring similarities between cardiac adaptations and structural changes over developmental and evolutionary time scales and how understanding the mechanisms behind these adaptations can help prevent or alleviate the effects of cardiac malformations and contribute to cardiac regeneration efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":15197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease","volume":"12 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11942974/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143709931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Relationship Between Vitamin D Levels and Cardiac Remodelling in a Pediatric Dilated Cardiomyopathy Population: A Case-Control Study.","authors":"Asmaa Carla Hagau, Ioana-Octavia Matacuta-Bogdan, Lacramioara Eliza Chiperi, Beatrix-Jullia Hack, Iolanda Muntean","doi":"10.3390/jcdd12030082","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jcdd12030082","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a significant contributor to heart failure (HF) in the pediatric population despite its lower incidence compared to adults.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We present a case-control study that investigates serum levels of Vitamin D, measured as 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD), in children diagnosed with DCM and explores the relationship between Vitamin D levels and left ventricular (LV) dimensions and systolic function.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty patients (mean age: 10.61 ± 6.54 years) with DCM were included, with a control group of thirty-one matched healthy children. We found a high prevalence of 25-OHD deficiency (67%) in the DCM group, which was statistically significant compared to the control group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Notably, a significant negative correlation was observed between 25-OHD levels and both LV end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD; r = -0.43, <i>p</i> < 0.01) and end-systolic diameter (LVESD; r = -0.46, <i>p</i> < 0.01). However, no significant correlation was found between Vitamin D levels and LV ejection fraction or shortening fraction.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings emphasise the importance of assessing Vitamin D status in pediatric DCM patients and may suggest that Vitamin D supplementation can be beneficial in managing this condition through its potential effects on cardiac remodelling and function. Further research is warranted to clarify the underlying mechanisms and therapeutic implications.</p>","PeriodicalId":15197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease","volume":"12 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11942847/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143709822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating Epicardial Fat Density Using ROI-Based Analysis: A Feasibility Study.","authors":"Giovanni Lorusso, Nicola Maggialetti, Luca De Marco, Sterpeta Guerra, Ilaria Villanova, Sara Greco, Chiara Morelli, Nicola Maria Lucarelli, Michele Mariano, Amato Antonio Stabile Ianora","doi":"10.3390/jcdd12030081","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jcdd12030081","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Epicardial fat density (EFD) is implicated in cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to assess the regional variability of epicardial fat density (EFD) using coronary computed tomography (CCT) and evaluate the feasibility of ROI-based measurements as an alternative to full segmentation. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 171 patients undergoing coronary CCT. EFD was measured on non-contrast scans acquired globally and in three predefined regions of interest (ROIs) for coronary calcium scoring: the aortic bulb, right posterolateral wall, and cardiac apex. Global EFD was quantified using semi-automated segmentation software (3D Slicer 5.6.2), while regional EFD values were manually determined. Statistical analyses were performed to compare global and regional EFD measurements. Global EFD averaged -83.92 ± 5.19 HU, while regional EFD showed significant variability. The aortic bulb had lower EFD values (-97.54 ± 12.80 HU) compared to the apex (-93.42 ± 18.94 HU) and right posterolateral wall (-94.99 ± 12.16 HU). Paired <i>t</i>-tests confirmed statistically significant differences between global and regional EFD values (<i>p</i> < 0.000). This study highlights significant regional variability in EFD across specific cardiac regions, suggesting that ROI-based assessments may not reliably reflect global EFD characteristics.</p>","PeriodicalId":15197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease","volume":"12 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11942633/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143709405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic Education and Pharmacotherapeutic Follow-Up Protocol, a Useful Tool for the Improvement of Patients at Cardiovascular Risk in Community Pharmacies.","authors":"Pilar Buenavida Jurado, Mª José De la Matta Martín, Mª José Martín Calero, Rocío De la Puerta","doi":"10.3390/jcdd12030080","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jcdd12030080","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim was to determine the influence of a complex intervention based on pharmacotherapeutic follow-up (PTF) and the application of therapeutic education (TE) protocols on the clinical and educational parameters of patients at cardiovascular risk (CVR) attending community pharmacies (CPs). A prospective, longitudinal, randomized, controlled clinical trial was conducted over 6 months in patients from four Spanish CPs, divided into control (CG) and intervention (IG) groups. CG patients received usual pharmacy care and IG patients received a PTF- and TE-based intervention. The sample consisted of 85 elderly patients. After pharmaceutical follow-up of the IG patients, the following results were observed: significant reductions in cardiovascular risk (CVR) (<i>p</i> < 0.005), blood pressure (BP) (<i>p</i> < 0.05), and sedentary lifestyle (<i>p</i> < 0.001), as well as an improved knowledge of CVR and cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Target values for BP were achieved in 27.2% of patients and for triglycerides in 12.4% of patients. The PTF of the patients showed that 29.2% did not have the expected response to some treatments, while 25% had untreated pathologies and 10% had adverse reactions. The TE protocols related to the patients' educational needs, applied individually and in conjunction with the PTF, were able to improve their lifestyle habits, their knowledge of CVR, CVRFs, and pharmacotherapy, and their clinical parameters, and, thus, the level of development of their disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":15197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease","volume":"12 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11943288/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143709828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Invasive Physiological Assessment of Lower Limb Peripheral Arterial Disease: A Narrative Review.","authors":"Sarosh Khan, Samer Fawaz, Uzma Sajjad, Christopher Cook, Grigoris V Karamasis, John Davies, Ali Kordzadeh, Elafra Nour, Alun H Davies, Ankur Thapar, Thomas Keeble","doi":"10.3390/jcdd12020077","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jcdd12020077","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) affects over 236 million people globally, with endovascular treatment as the predominant mode of revascularization. While pre-procedural lesion assessment typically relies on non-invasive Doppler measurement, invasive physiological assessment offers a promising approach to guide lesion selection and provide real-time evaluation of angioplasty success. This review explores the current methods, challenges, and future directions of invasive physiological assessment in PAD. Sensor-tipped wires, particularly pressure sensor-tipped wires (pressure-wires), enable precise evaluation of stenoses through indices such as peripheral fractional flow reserve (pFFR) measured during hyperaemia. pFFR can identify significant flow-limiting lesions, assess angioplasty efficacy, and predict tissue healing. Additional indices, including Doppler-wire derived flow reserves and resistance measurements, further enhance the understanding of lesion physiology. Early data support the utility of these techniques for guiding treatment decisions, although the variability in methodologies highlights the need for standardization and outcome-driven cut-off values. This review uniquely consolidates evidence on invasive physiological assessment in PAD, addressing critical gaps and providing a framework for future research. By advancing lesion-specific evaluation and procedural optimization, this work underscores the transformative potential of these techniques in improving patient outcomes and redefining PAD management.</p>","PeriodicalId":15197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease","volume":"12 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11856838/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143492204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond Survival: Assessing Quality of Life, Activity Level, and Ethnic Diversity in Aortic Dissection Survivors.","authors":"Nora Bacour, Olivia van Erp, Simran Grewal, Aytug U Tirpan, Susanne Eberl, Kak Khee Yeung, Ron Balm, Germaine C Verwoert, Antoine H G Driessen, Robert J M Klautz, Nimrat Grewal","doi":"10.3390/jcdd12020078","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jcdd12020078","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>An acute aortic dissection (AAD) is a highly lethal condition that demands immediate medical intervention. Survivors often face significant long-term challenges. While immediate survival remains a critical focus in acute care settings, little is known about long-term results, especially with regard to activity levels, post-operative quality of life, and the impact of cultural and ethnic characteristics on recovery. Using data from the Dutch National Aortic Dissection Survivor's Day, this study examines QoL, activity levels, and ethnic diversity among survivors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>All patients (<i>n</i> = 45) participating in a national awareness meeting for AAD survivors at a teaching hospital were included in our study. Participants completed questionnaires assessing QoL, activity levels, and sociodemographic data, including ethnic background. The EQ-5D and IPAQ surveys were employed to measure health-related QoL and physical activity, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of the participants was 59.5 years, with 37.8% identifying as women. Ethnically, 88.9% identified as Dutch. The majority reported good health (mean score of 73/100). However, there was a considerable variation in QoL scores. On average, 22.2% of our study population reported moderate or greater problems across all dimensions, compared to 5.5% in the normative sample. Activity levels were mostly low to moderate, and no significant differences in QoL were found based on activity levels. Sleep quality was generally good.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study reveals significant limitations in QoL among AAD survivors. This emphasizes the significance of developing a multimodal rehabilitation program focused on addressing current gaps in recovery. Ultimately, this will enhance overall care following AAD. Future research should focus on assessing long-term QoL.</p>","PeriodicalId":15197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease","volume":"12 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11857047/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143492020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}