Ethiopian Journal of Science and Technology最新文献_第2页

Assessment of groundwater quality: Physicochemical and bacteriological evidence from boreholes in Sangayan Diriya village, northeast Nigeria 地下水质量评价:尼日利亚东北部Sangayan Diriya村钻孔的物理化学和细菌证据

Ethiopian Journal of Science and Technology Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.4314/ejst.v15i2.5

A. Adeleye, A. O. Amoo, E. M. Ijanu, Nura Umar Kura, Catherine Iyabo Asaju, M. Yerima, B. Yalwaji, Saheed Mohammed Ishaq

{"title":"Assessment of groundwater quality: Physicochemical and bacteriological evidence from boreholes in Sangayan Diriya village, northeast Nigeria","authors":"A. Adeleye, A. O. Amoo, E. M. Ijanu, Nura Umar Kura, Catherine Iyabo Asaju, M. Yerima, B. Yalwaji, Saheed Mohammed Ishaq","doi":"10.4314/ejst.v15i2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ejst.v15i2.5","url":null,"abstract":"The poor geology of Sangayan Diriya village has barred residents from getting access to water from the groundwater in their homes from time immemorial. This study was aimed at assessing the quality of boreholes sunk in close proximity to River Diriya wherein eight water samples were aseptically collected from the two available boreholes; borehole A (BA1, BA2, BA3 and BA4) and borehole B (BB1, BB2, BB3 and BB4). Standard procedures were employed for determining physicochemical properties, while pour plate method and most probable number (MPN) were used to estimate total viable bacterial counts and coliform count in the water collected, respectively. Results were compared with World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines and Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ) permissible standards. Results indicated pH, temperature, total hardness, turbidity, electrical conductivity (EC), sulphate, nitrate, alkalinity, calcium, magnesium and nitrate conformed to regulated standards, but mean phosphate concentration (1.79 mg/L) was above WHO allowable limit. However, out of the six heavy metals estimated in the water samples, i.e., Cadmium, Iron, Copper, Arsenic, Lead and Chromium, mean Iron concentration (1.16 mg/L) and mean Arsenic concentration (0.37 mg/L) were above allowable limits. The highest total viable bacterial count (6.3 × 104 CFU/mL) was recorded in BA2. Using the MPN method, BA4 recorded the highest coliform count (14 MPN/100 mL) while BB2 recorded the lowest coliform count (7 MPN/100 mL) each above WHO allowable limit. The findings in this study indicated that the water samples did not meet regulated standards and should be subjected to suitable treatment before drinking.","PeriodicalId":151905,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"37 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124519323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Comparative activity of Platinum and Gold nanoparticles catalysts for Carbon monoxide oxidation 铂和金纳米颗粒一氧化碳氧化催化剂的比较活性

Ethiopian Journal of Science and Technology Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.4314/ejst.v15i2.4

J. Emmanuel

引用次数: 0

Zinc, Tin and Silver Porphyrins (TPP, TCPP, TMPP, THPP, TPPS, TMPyP) as photosensitizers in antibacterial photodynamic therapy for chronic wounds: A screening study 锌、锡和银卟啉(TPP、TCPP、TMPP、THPP、TPPS、TMPyP)作为光敏剂在慢性伤口抗菌光动力治疗中的筛选研究

Ethiopian Journal of Science and Technology Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.4314/ejst.v15i2.6

R. C. George, N. Torimiro, O. B. Daramola, A. A. Olajide

{"title":"Zinc, Tin and Silver Porphyrins (TPP, TCPP, TMPP, THPP, TPPS, TMPyP) as photosensitizers in antibacterial photodynamic therapy for chronic wounds: A screening study","authors":"R. C. George, N. Torimiro, O. B. Daramola, A. A. Olajide","doi":"10.4314/ejst.v15i2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ejst.v15i2.6","url":null,"abstract":"Continuous proliferation of bacteria in a wound delays its healing process, and could further extend to becoming a chronic wound infection. The effectiveness of different porphyrins as a photosensitizer in antibacterial photodynamic therapy for the inactivation of some wound-colonizing bacteria was studied as a screening experiment. Meso-tetra(4-methoxyphenyl) porphyrin, (TMPP), meso-tetra(4-hydroxyphenyl) porphyrin (THPP), meso-tetra(4-carboxyphenyl) porphyrin, (TCPP), meso-tetra(N-methyl-4-pyridyl) porphyrin, (TMPyP) were synthesized, each complexed with zinc, tin and silver. The in-vitro and photo-toxicity properties of the porphyrins and their complexes were assessed on some selected wound colonizing multi-drug resistant bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, and Escherichia coli) using agar well diffusion method. Photo-toxicity of the compounds were investigated using a 100-Watt tungsten lamp while the in-vitro toxicity was carried out in the dark. The results were compared with previously reported work carried out by this group on meso-tetra(phenyl)porphyrin (TPP), meso-tetra(4-sulphonatophenyl) porphyrin, (TPPS) and their corresponding Zn, Sn and Ag complexes. Most of the porphyrins showed biocidal activities against three of the test isolates with an exception to Proteus sp. ZnTMPyP and ZnTHPP only showed photo-toxic activities against the four test isolates. While SnTHPP, ZnTPPS, ZnTCPP, and SnTCPP all exhibited both toxic and photo-toxic activities against all four bacterial isolates. The Ag-porphyrins had the poorest inactivation activity.","PeriodicalId":151905,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126939908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Intensity duration frequency curve analysis for selected meteorological stations in North Shoa, Amhara Region, Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚阿姆哈拉地区北绍阿选定气象站的强度-时频曲线分析

Ethiopian Journal of Science and Technology Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.4314/ejst.v15i1.3

Eyoel Yigletu Aybehon

{"title":"Intensity duration frequency curve analysis for selected meteorological stations in North Shoa, Amhara Region, Ethiopia","authors":"Eyoel Yigletu Aybehon","doi":"10.4314/ejst.v15i1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ejst.v15i1.3","url":null,"abstract":"The estimation of rainfall intensity is required for the design of hydraulic and water resources engineering control structures. Rainfall data of 11 – 23 years long from four stations was used to generate Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) curves and parameters for selected stations in the study area. The daily rainfall data set obtained was then subjected to frequency analysis to determine the distribution which best characterizes the data set. The result showed that Log Person Type III was the best fit probability distribution function. The annual extreme values of rainfall depth were computed for different rainfall durations and return periods. Ranked rainfall depths for each return period were converted to rainfall intensities. The corresponding rainfall intensities were computed for different rainfall durations and return periods. IDF curves were developed using MIDUSS 2.25 software for return periods of 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 years and for durations of 1, 2, 3, 6, 12, and 24 h, and determined IDF parameters. The results shown that for shorter durations (1 hour and 2 hours), the IDF curves gave higher intensities for the same return period while for longer durations (3 h, 6 h, 12 h and 24 h), they gave low intensities for the same return period. The IDF relationship developed can be used as valuable tool for the designing of hydraulic structures in the region. This study could serve as a spring board for other studies that imply the calculation of a peak flow and designing of hydraulic structures as an input to help improve flood resilience in the region.","PeriodicalId":151905,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"128 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115359170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparison of kernel density function in detecting effects of daily emission of Sulphur (IV) oxide from an industrial plant 核密度函数检测工业厂房日排放硫(IV)氧化物效果的比较

Ethiopian Journal of Science and Technology Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.4314/ejst.v15i1.4

Siloko Israel Uzuazor, Ejakpovi Simeon Uyovwieyovwe, Ukhurebor Kingsley Eghonghon, Siloko Edith Akpevwe, Ishiekwene Cyril Chukwuka

{"title":"Comparison of kernel density function in detecting effects of daily emission of Sulphur (IV) oxide from an industrial plant","authors":"Siloko Israel Uzuazor, Ejakpovi Simeon Uyovwieyovwe, Ukhurebor Kingsley Eghonghon, Siloko Edith Akpevwe, Ishiekwene Cyril Chukwuka","doi":"10.4314/ejst.v15i1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ejst.v15i1.4","url":null,"abstract":"Air pollution is a major concern of environmentalists because of the importance of air to man and other living organisms. This paper is about the investigation on the effects of daily emission of Sulphur (IV) oxide from an industrial pollutant using a nonparametric estimator which is the kernel estimator. Nonparametric estimators are free from distributional assumptions owing to the fact that most real-life data are not from a particular family of distribution. The functionality of this estimator is contingent on the smoothing parameter also called the bandwidth that determines the degree of the smoothness applied when analyzing the data. The bandwidth is extrapolated by minimizing the asymptotic mean integrated squared error which is the objective function of the kernel estimator. In this investigation, we selected some kernel functions of the beta family with the Gaussian kernel and obtained their bandwidths or smoothing parameters with respect to their distribution. The result of the analysis showed that an increase in number of tons of Sulphur (IV) oxide was associated with higher concentration level of the gas which suggests a potential danger of the gas to humans, animals and plants in the environment.","PeriodicalId":151905,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129852695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

New sweet blue lupin, Lupinus angustifolius L. varieties (Sanabor and Vitabor) for Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚甜蓝骆马新品种(Sanabor和Vitabor)

Ethiopian Journal of Science and Technology Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.4314/ejst.v15i1.5

L. Yeheyis, Wondimeneh Mekonnen

引用次数: 3

Comparative growth performance and carcass characteristics of guinea fowl (Numida meleagris) and three chicken genotypes 珍珠鸡(Numida meleagris)与三种鸡基因型的生长性能和胴体特性比较

Ethiopian Journal of Science and Technology Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.4314/ejst.v15i1.6

G. Zelleke, M. Urge, G. Animut, W. Esatu, T. Dessie

{"title":"Comparative growth performance and carcass characteristics of guinea fowl (Numida meleagris) and three chicken genotypes","authors":"G. Zelleke, M. Urge, G. Animut, W. Esatu, T. Dessie","doi":"10.4314/ejst.v15i1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ejst.v15i1.6","url":null,"abstract":"A study was conducted to compare the growth performance and carcass characteristics of guinea fowl (GF) with Horro (HR) and Tilili (TL) local chickens, and Potchefstroom Koekoek (PK) exotic chicken. Seventy-five-day-old chicks from each genotype were used in 3 replications in a completely randomized design. Commercial starter and grower feed was fed ad libitum during the 20 weeks of the study. Daily dry matter intake in g/bird was greater for PK (70) than GF (63), HR (59), TL (61). The final body weight (FBW) g/bird was higher for PK (2022), intermediate for HR (1567) and TL (1539), and low for GF (1286). The average daily weight gain (ADG) was 9 g/bird for GF, 11 g/bird for HR and TL and 14 g/bird for PK. The eviscerated weight g/bird was highest for PK (1679), followed by HR (1323) and TL (1249) and lowest for GF (913). The breast weight (g/bird) was higher for PK (436) than GF (281), HR (311), and TL (284). The thigh weight was higher for PK (303) and HR (252), followed by TL (208) and lowest for GF (157). The abdominal fat content was higher for PK (29 g), followed by HR and TL (12 g each), and low for GF (6 g). The ultimate pH24 h of the breast was higher for GF (6.0) followed by PK (5.8), HR and TL (5.7). GF had higher pH24h thigh meat (6.2), others had 5.8. The meat from GF was darker than normal in color compared to chickens. The GF, HR and TL local chickens could be used as alternate meat-type poultry species with continuous selection. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":151905,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131672004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Effective residual life of bendiocarb insecticide on sprayed surfaces 苯恶威杀虫剂在喷洒表面的有效残留寿命

Ethiopian Journal of Science and Technology Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.4314/ejst.v15i1.1

Alemayehu Abate, E. Getu, M. Wale, M. Hadis, W. Mekonen

{"title":"Effective residual life of bendiocarb insecticide on sprayed surfaces","authors":"Alemayehu Abate, E. Getu, M. Wale, M. Hadis, W. Mekonen","doi":"10.4314/ejst.v15i1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ejst.v15i1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Effective residual life of insecticides on sprayed surfaces determines the number of spraying cycles required to cover malaria transmission season. However, residual efficacy of insecticides varies with spray surface type. This study assessed effective residual life of bendiocarb on cow dung plastered and mud plastered wall surface types of human dwellings against An. arabiensis. Wall cone bioassays were carried out following the WHO (World Health Organization) standard operating procedures. Percentage mortality was calculated according to WHO bioassay protocol and Poisson regression model was fitted to show the association of mosquito mortality with explanatory variables using SAS (SAS Institute Inc. 2016. SAS® 9.4 Language Reference: Concepts, Sixth Edition. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc.). Efficacy of bendiocarb against An. arabiensis was 100% for the first 35 days on both cow dung and mud wall surface types. However, its efficacy deteriorated earlier on non-plastered wall surfaces after 35 days. The relationship between mosquito mortality and explanatory variables was: Mortality =3.637542, Sprayed = + 0.282841, Plastering= - 0.0094612 35-Days after spray, - 0.600159 65-Days after spray. Because coefficients for cone position were not significant, they were excluded from the regression equation. Generally, the effective residual life of bendiocarb on mud plastered wall surface was too short to cover malaria transmission season. Therefore, alternative insecticide with longer residual effective life is required in areas having more than two months of malaria transmission season.","PeriodicalId":151905,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122505419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Weak LI-ideals in implicative almost distributive lattices 隐含几乎分配格中的弱li理想

Ethiopian Journal of Science and Technology Pub Date : 2021-10-08 DOI: 10.4314/ejst.v14i3.2

Tilahun Mekonnen Munie

引用次数: 0

GIS-based approach for morphometric characteristics and development of hydrographs for the upper watershed of Jebba Reservoir, Nigeria 基于gis的尼日利亚杰巴水库上游流域水文形态特征和发展方法

Ethiopian Journal of Science and Technology Pub Date : 2021-10-08 DOI: 10.4314/ejst.v14i3.5

A. G. Adeogun, A. A. Mohammed, H. Ganiyu, A. Salami

{"title":"GIS-based approach for morphometric characteristics and development of hydrographs for the upper watershed of Jebba Reservoir, Nigeria","authors":"A. G. Adeogun, A. A. Mohammed, H. Ganiyu, A. Salami","doi":"10.4314/ejst.v14i3.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ejst.v14i3.5","url":null,"abstract":"Nigeria's Jebba sub-basins are synonymous to frequent flooding, high rate of erosion, depletion of soil nutrients and unsustainable water use. The uncontrolled flooding may be a result of numerous factors related to topography, geology, climate and human activity. The present work was an attempt to describe the application of Geographical Information System (GIS) and Digital Elevation Model (DEM) for the estimation of morphometric characteristics of eight sub-basins in the upstream watershed of Jebba reservoir, Nigeria. Morphometric characteristics such as topographic, areal, relief and network were determined. Soil Conservation Service (SCS) technique was applied to estimate hydrographs. The study revealed that sub-basin number 3 had the lowest time of concentration and maximum depth of runoff while sub-basin number 2 had maximum ratio of circulation of 1.8 and it is tagged as the area that is highly prone to flood. The peak runoff in the sub-basins ranged between 330.10 and 924.86 m3/s (25-year return period) and for 100-year intervals ranged between 502.69 to 1408.40 m3/s. The estimated peak runoffs can be adopted for designing and constructing erosion control structures in the catchment area.","PeriodicalId":151905,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114958383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0