Ethiopian Journal of Science and Technology最新文献_第5页

The role of economically important traits for genetic improvement and climate change adaptation in livestock production: A review 畜牧生产中重要经济性状的遗传改良和气候变化适应作用综述

Ethiopian Journal of Science and Technology Pub Date : 2019-02-28 DOI: 10.4314/ejst.v11i2.5

Kefyalew Alemayehu, Eyayu Molla

{"title":"The role of economically important traits for genetic improvement and climate change adaptation in livestock production: A review","authors":"Kefyalew Alemayehu, Eyayu Molla","doi":"10.4314/ejst.v11i2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ejst.v11i2.5","url":null,"abstract":"Breeding indices include economically important traits associated with high yield, thermal tolerance, low quality feed and disease resistance, and give more consideration of genotype-by-environment interactions to identify stress adapted animals The objective of this paper was to quantify the role of economically important traits for genetic improvement and climate change adapted livestock production. Climate change adaptation genes exist at Protein, the genome (DNA), the transcriptome (RNA), the proteome, Amino-Acid (AA) level .Genotypes that affect milk production traits could be used as genetic markers in marker-assisted breeding. Genes with large effects show part of the genetic differences between animals, and identifying these genes can help to estimate more accurate breeding. For example, polymorphisms in DGAT1, GH and GHR genes have significant effects on reproduction and production traits. The variation in the bovine FABP4 gene also affects milk yield and milk protein content. Growth hormone receptor (GHR), IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 genes regulate postnatal somatic growth and stimulate anabolic processes and showed genetic polymorphisms and associated with production traits in cattle, goats and chickens. In beef cattle, the genes related to economically important traits are peroxisome proliferation activator-y (ppar-y), sterol regulatory element binding protein 1(srebp-1), leptin, stearoyl-coa desaturase (scd1), and thyroid hormone releasing protein. These genes help in lipid and glucose metabolism and in energy homeostasis by promoting glycolsis, lipogenesis and adipo-genesis as well as in regulating body weight, metabolism and reproductive function. Therefore, identifying economically important traits and genes using marker assisted selection related to milk production and beef production can enhance production and productivity.","PeriodicalId":151905,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122140228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparative analysis of university matriculation examination and post university matriculation examination admission models in Lagos State University 拉各斯州立大学大学入学考试与大学后入学考试录取模式的比较分析

Ethiopian Journal of Science and Technology Pub Date : 2019-02-28 DOI: 10.4314/ejst.v11i2.4

Benjamin S. Aribisala, Olanrewaju Abayomi Dosunmu, M. A. Akanbi, Ismail Olanrewaju Shittu

{"title":"Comparative analysis of university matriculation examination and post university matriculation examination admission models in Lagos State University","authors":"Benjamin S. Aribisala, Olanrewaju Abayomi Dosunmu, M. A. Akanbi, Ismail Olanrewaju Shittu","doi":"10.4314/ejst.v11i2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ejst.v11i2.4","url":null,"abstract":"There have been issues about the predictive power of the University Matriculation Examination (UME) and most Nigerian universities now conduct an additional screening examination called the post-UME. Some have reported that post-UME is a better predictor of students’ performances than the UME while others have the contrary. Hence, it is still not clear whether post-UME is better than UME. To examine this issue further, the researchers modelled association between entrance exam and academic performance measured by Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA) of 381 students who were admitted to eight undergraduate programmes at Lagos State University. Regression analysis showed that UME (standardized β: first year = -0.06, p = 0.214; final year = -0.06, p = 0.217) and General Certificate Ordinary Level, O/L (β: first year = 0.03, p =0.591; final year = 0.02, p = 0.727) were not significantly related to CGPA. However post-UME was significantly associated with CGPA (β: first year = 0.36, p < 0.001; final year = 0.37, p<0.001). Post-UME explained 12.75% and 13.58% variations in the first and final year CGPA respectively. The model that included both post-UME and O/L in the same model showed that they jointly explained 13.07% and 13.81% variations in the first and final year performances respectively Similar results were obtained when UME was added to the model. It was found that post-UME is a better predictor of students’ performances than UME, and the combined O/L and post-UME is no different from the combined O/L, UME and post-UME or post-UME only. The results suggest that admission criteria should be based largely on post-UME.","PeriodicalId":151905,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"124 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133007708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Cobalt(II) complexes with 1,10-phenanthroline alone and mixed with cytoside: Synthesis and antibacterial activities 钴(II)单独与1,10-菲罗啉及与胞苷混合的配合物:合成及抗菌活性

Ethiopian Journal of Science and Technology Pub Date : 2019-02-28 DOI: 10.4314/EJST.V11I2.1

Abebe Atakilt, Girma Bayissa, Abreham Sendek, M. Kibret

{"title":"Cobalt(II) complexes with 1,10-phenanthroline alone and mixed with cytoside: Synthesis and antibacterial activities","authors":"Abebe Atakilt, Girma Bayissa, Abreham Sendek, M. Kibret","doi":"10.4314/EJST.V11I2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/EJST.V11I2.1","url":null,"abstract":"Cobalt can bind to a range of biomolecules forming complexes that are suitable for use in various biological applications. Different ligands could be used to tune the properties of cobalt compounds whose ligand exchange rates become close to those of cellular processes. In this study, two complexes were synthesized from 1,10-phenanthroline alone as [Co(phen) 2 (H 2 O) 2 ]Cl 2 and from both 1,10-phenanthroline and cytoside as [Co(phen) 2 (Cyt)H 2 O]Cl. The synthesis was checked using halide test, conductance measurement as well as spectroscopic (AAS, FTIR, Uv-vis) analysis. In vitro antibacterial activities of the two metal complexes were tested against Staphylococcus aureu s, methicilin resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Streptococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coli , Klebsiella pneumoniae and Shegella boydii. These complexes showed better activities than the commercially available control drugs (chloramphenicol and ciprofloxacin) against certain strains of bacteria. Better inhibition zones were exhibited by [Co(phen) 2 (Cyt)(H 2 O)]Cl on MRSA (4.8%) and E. coli (21.4%) than chloramphenicol. Likewise, 11.9% and 22.8% more zones of inhibition than ciprofloxacin were shown against MRSA and E. coli , respectively. On the other hand, [Co(Phen) 2 (H 2 O) 2 ]Cl showed 5.3% and 3.0% more zones of inhibition against S. aurous and S. boydii , respectively, better than ciprofloxacin.","PeriodicalId":151905,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123387085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Optimum rate of NPS fertilizer for economical production of irrigated onion (Allium cepa L) in Dembyia District of Amhara Region, Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚阿姆哈拉地区登比亚区灌溉洋葱(Allium cepa L)经济生产的最佳氮肥用量

Ethiopian Journal of Science and Technology Pub Date : 2019-02-28 DOI: 10.4314/EJST.V11I2.3

M. Nigatu, Melkamu Alemayehu, Amare Haile Sellassie

{"title":"Optimum rate of NPS fertilizer for economical production of irrigated onion (Allium cepa L) in Dembyia District of Amhara Region, Ethiopia","authors":"M. Nigatu, Melkamu Alemayehu, Amare Haile Sellassie","doi":"10.4314/EJST.V11I2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/EJST.V11I2.3","url":null,"abstract":"Onion is one of the most important vegetable crops grown under irrigation in Amhara Region. Application of fertilizer is an important input to increase yields of vegetables including onion where its rate mostly depends on the fertility status of the particular soil. The present study was initiated with the objective to identify the optimum rate of the newly introduced NPS fertilizer for maximum bulb yield of onion under irrigated smallholder farming system. The study was conducted in Dembyia District during the 2014/2015 irrigation season. Twelve NPS fertilizer rates were laid down on Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications to identify the optimum rates of NPS where maximum yield of Adama Red onion variety can be obtained. The results of the experiment revealed that most of the growth and yield parameters of onion were significantly affected by NPS fertilizer. The longest plant height (60.1 cm) was recorded when N:P 2 O 5 :S was applied at the rate of 73.5:92:16.95 kg ha -1 , respectively. The longest (51.1cm) and widest (1.44 cm) onion leaves were recorded on plants where N:P 2 O 5 :S was applied with 136.5:119.6:22 kg ha -1 . Onion plants supplied with 105:119.6:22 kg ha -1 N:P 2 O 5 :S fertilizer rate gave the highest mean bulb weight (198.8 g), marketable yield (20.8 ha -1 ) and total bulb yield (21.4 t ha -1 ). Similarly, onion plants supplied with 105:119.6:22 kg ha -1 N:P 2 O 5 :S fertilizer rate recorded the highest marginal rate of return followed by those onion plants supplied with 105: 92:16.95 kg ha -1 . Onion plants which were not supplied with NPS fertilizer showed generally lower growth and yield parameters. Application of NPS fertilizer at the rate of 105:119.6:22: kg ha -1 N:P 2 O 5 :S can be recommended for economical production of onion in the study area.","PeriodicalId":151905,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"25 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123218731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13

Synthesis, structural investigation and biological application of new mono- and binuclear cobalt (II) mixed-ligand complexes containing 1,10-phenanthroline, acetamide and ethylenediamine 含1,10-邻菲罗啉、乙酰胺和乙二胺的新型单核和双核钴(II)混合配体配合物的合成、结构研究和生物学应用

Ethiopian Journal of Science and Technology Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.4314/ejst.v12i1.4

Getinet Tamiru, Atakilt Abebe, Moges Abebe, Misganaw Liyew

{"title":"Synthesis, structural investigation and biological application of new mono- and binuclear cobalt (II) mixed-ligand complexes containing 1,10-phenanthroline, acetamide and ethylenediamine","authors":"Getinet Tamiru, Atakilt Abebe, Moges Abebe, Misganaw Liyew","doi":"10.4314/ejst.v12i1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ejst.v12i1.4","url":null,"abstract":"The intensive use of antibiotics has led to an increase of drug resistant bacteria against known antibiotics. To overcome the alarming problem of microbial resistance to antibiotics, the discovery of novel active compounds against new targets is a matter of urgency. Based on this, we report three new mixed ligand complexes of cobalt (II) viz. mononuclear ([Co(phen) 2 (Act)(H 2 O)]Cl 2 .H 2 O and [Co(phen) 2 (Act)(en)]Cl 2 ), and binuclear [Co 2 (phen) 4 (Act) 2 (en)]Cl 4 which were synthesized from CoCl 2 .6H 2 O, 1,10-phenanthroline monohydrate, acetamide and ethylenediamine. These complexes were characterized using spectroscopic (ESI-MS, ICP-OES, FT-IR, and UV-Vis), chloride determination as well as melting point and conductance measurement. Invitro antibacterial activity was also tested on two Gram positive ( Staphylococcus aureus , Streptococcus pyogenes ) and two Gram negative ( Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae ) bacteria using disc diffusion method. The complexes performed well even against the Gram-negative bacteria. The antibacterial result was found comparable with the commercial drug Gentamicin even at lower concentration of complexes. Thus, the synthesized complexes may be considered as potential antibacterial agents after passing cytotoxicity testing.","PeriodicalId":151905,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121724252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Effect of replacing fish meal by sweet lupin meal on growth performance of African catfish fingerlings, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) 用甜罗苹粉替代鱼粉对非洲鲶鱼幼鱼生长性能的影响(Burchell, 1822)

Ethiopian Journal of Science and Technology Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.4314/ejst.v12i1.1

Alayu Yalew, A. Getahun, E. Dejen

{"title":"Effect of replacing fish meal by sweet lupin meal on growth performance of African catfish fingerlings, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822)","authors":"Alayu Yalew, A. Getahun, E. Dejen","doi":"10.4314/ejst.v12i1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ejst.v12i1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Scarcity of fish meal remains one of the major challenges in the development of aquaculture in Ethiopia. A growth performance experiment was conducted to investigate the best inclusion level of sweet lupin meal (SLM) in replacing fish meal (FM) to grow African catfish fingerlings, Clarias gariepinus . A total of 120 juveniles weighing an average of 6.01 to 6.09 g were stocked at a rate of 100 fishes m -3 . The control group received 100% FM and 3 treatments with different proportions of SLM replacement level (50%, 75% and 100%) were tested and feed was provided at a rate of 5% of their live body weight. The mean live weight varied from 8.5 g to 30 g and condition factor from 0.44 to 0.68 after 9 weeks of feeding. The fingerlings grown in 50% SLM and 50% FM formulated feed showed better condition and growth than 75% and 100%. The feed conversion ratio was higher for all treatments but the FCR at 100% replacement level was significantly different from others. Cost of production was higher on the control group, while the profit index was better for treatment I. The study revealed the possibility of growing C. gariepinus juveniles to 30 g sized fingerlings in 9 weeks by replacing 50% of FM with cheaper and locally available SLM.","PeriodicalId":151905,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133623011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Determinants of the role of gender on adoption of row planting of tef [Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter] in central Ethiopia 性别对采用tef行栽作用的决定因素[Eragrostis tef (Zucc.)]在埃塞俄比亚中部

Ethiopian Journal of Science and Technology Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4314/EJST.V12I1.2

A. Giziew, Begashaw Mebrate

{"title":"Determinants of the role of gender on adoption of row planting of tef [Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter] in central Ethiopia","authors":"A. Giziew, Begashaw Mebrate","doi":"10.4314/EJST.V12I1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/EJST.V12I1.2","url":null,"abstract":"Teff is a major indigenous cereal crop in Ethiopia, produced for household consumption and income generation. The determinant factors of adoption of teff row planting by female farmers vis-a-vis their male counterparts are not understood. Therefore, a survey was conducted to identify factors that determine adoption of teff row planting technology in a gender perspective in Moretna Jiru district, North Shoa, Ethiopia. A random sample of 131 male and 31 female headed households were randomly taken from four kebeles (lowest administrative unit) of the district. Primary data was collected from sample respondents and secondary data from various other sources. Descriptive statistics and Tobit regression were used in data analysis. Tobit regression was used to identify determinant factors of adoption. The findings of the marginal effect revealed that 81% of the female headed households (FHH) had favorable attitude towards the technology, a year increase in schooling increased the intensity of use of the technology by 39% and one ha increase in land holding size increased it by 30%. With regard to male headed households (MHH), positive attitude towards the technology increased the intensity of use of the technology by 39%, getting extension service by 38% and increase in education by 24%. In conclusion, extension agents should work hard with female headed farmers and ensure the implementation of teff row planting technology by strengthening FTCs via improved resources.","PeriodicalId":151905,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128281812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Determinants of household dietary diversity in Yayu Biosphere Reserve, Southwest Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚西南部Yayu生物圈保护区家庭膳食多样性的决定因素

Ethiopian Journal of Science and Technology Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4314/EJST.V12I1.3

Geremew Motuma Jebessa, Akalu Dafisa Sima, Beneberu Assefa Wondimagegnehu

{"title":"Determinants of household dietary diversity in Yayu Biosphere Reserve, Southwest Ethiopia","authors":"Geremew Motuma Jebessa, Akalu Dafisa Sima, Beneberu Assefa Wondimagegnehu","doi":"10.4314/EJST.V12I1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/EJST.V12I1.3","url":null,"abstract":"Lack of dietary diversity is a severe problem among the poor in the developing world, including Ethiopia. Empirical evidence for factors contributing to low dietary diversity hardly exists. The objective of this study was to analyze determinants of Household Dietary Diversity and consumption behavior in Yayu biosphere reserve, South-West Ethiopia. A cross sectional survey was conducted on 183 randomly selected households. Primary data were collected from sample households through interviews, focus group discussions and key informant interviews. Secondary data were collected by reviewing different documents. Descriptive statistics and econometric models were used for analyzing quantitative data. The ordered logit model was employed to determine the influence of explanatory variables on the dependent variable. The average household dietary diversity score was 5.5±1.7SD. About 17.5% of the sampled households belonged to low, 61.2% to medium and 21.3% to high dietary diversity. The age of the household head, education, income, access to irrigation, home gardening and dietary diversity awareness affected household dietary diversity positively and significantly and distance from market negatively. In conclusion, policy and development interventions should target education and awareness creation tools to provide households up to date nutritional knowledge and agricultural technologies to increase production and income, and thereby enhance household dietary diversity.","PeriodicalId":151905,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128636088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12