畜牧生产中重要经济性状的遗传改良和气候变化适应作用综述

Kefyalew Alemayehu, Eyayu Molla
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引用次数: 0

摘要

育种指标包括与高产、耐热、低品质饲料和抗病性相关的经济重要性状,并更多地考虑基因型与环境的相互作用,以识别适应应激的动物。本文的目的是量化经济重要性状在遗传改良和适应气候变化的畜牧生产中的作用。气候变化适应基因存在于蛋白质、基因组(DNA)、转录组(RNA)、蛋白质组(蛋白质组)、氨基酸(氨基酸)水平,影响产奶量性状的基因型可作为标记辅助育种的遗传标记。具有重大影响的基因显示了动物之间的部分遗传差异,识别这些基因有助于更准确地估计育种。例如,DGAT1、GH和GHR基因的多态性对生殖和生产性状有显著影响。牛FABP4基因的变异也影响产奶量和乳蛋白含量。生长激素受体(GHR)、IGF-1和IGFBP-3基因调节牛、山羊和鸡出生后的体细胞生长,刺激合成代谢过程,并表现出遗传多态性,与生产性状相关。在肉牛中,与经济重要性状相关的基因有过氧化物酶体增殖激活因子-y (ppar-y)、固醇调节元件结合蛋白1(srebp-1)、瘦素、硬脂酰辅酶a去饱和酶(scd1)和甲状腺激素释放蛋白。这些基因通过促进糖酵解、脂肪生成和脂肪生成,以及调节体重、代谢和生殖功能,帮助脂质和葡萄糖代谢和能量稳态。因此,利用标记辅助选择识别与牛奶生产和牛肉生产相关的经济上重要的性状和基因可以提高产量和生产力。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The role of economically important traits for genetic improvement and climate change adaptation in livestock production: A review
Breeding indices include economically important traits associated with high yield, thermal tolerance, low quality feed and disease resistance, and give more consideration of genotype-by-environment interactions to identify stress adapted animals The objective of this paper was  to quantify the role of economically important traits for genetic improvement and climate change adapted  livestock production. Climate change adaptation genes exist at Protein, the genome (DNA), the transcriptome (RNA), the proteome, Amino-Acid (AA) level .Genotypes that affect milk production traits could be used as genetic markers in marker-assisted breeding. Genes with large effects show part of the genetic differences between animals, and identifying these genes can help to estimate more accurate breeding. For example, polymorphisms in DGAT1, GH and GHR genes have significant effects on reproduction and production traits. The variation in the bovine FABP4 gene also affects milk yield and milk protein content. Growth hormone receptor (GHR), IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 genes regulate postnatal somatic growth and stimulate anabolic processes and showed genetic polymorphisms and associated with production traits in cattle, goats and chickens. In beef cattle, the genes related to economically important traits are peroxisome proliferation activator-y (ppar-y), sterol regulatory element binding protein 1(srebp-1), leptin, stearoyl-coa desaturase (scd1), and thyroid hormone releasing protein. These genes help in lipid and glucose metabolism and in energy homeostasis by promoting glycolsis, lipogenesis and adipo-genesis as well as in regulating body weight, metabolism and reproductive function. Therefore, identifying economically important traits and genes using marker assisted selection related to milk production and beef production can enhance production and productivity.
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