Journal of Bioequivalence & Bioavailability最新文献

{"title":"Diagnoses of Young Trauma Victims with Disc Desiccation a Quadruple-Blind Methodology","authors":"Michael Burgio, Osita E Onyejekwe","doi":"10.4172/JBB.1000368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/JBB.1000368","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The essence of research is accuracy, an objective protocol, and the secured transfer of data. Accuracy is directly related to the Methodology, at present, there are two major options available for research. Double-Blind Methodology which has a recognized significant conscious and/or unconscious bias. The second Quadrupled-Blind Methodology recognized to have a zero bias. An absence of bias ensures a true and accurate clinical finding. We have developed a software platform and computerize the entire research study. A true zero bias study. To consider evidence that indicates disc desiccation occurs with regularity in young individuals, despite reports to the contrary. \u0000Clinical trial features: The clinical histories of 168 chiropractic patients under the age of 50 were reviewed in such a manner that individual patients cannot be identified. Outcome: 20 individuals under the age of 50 were found to exhibit disc desiccation, an occurrence of approximately 12%. It was also indicated that disc desiccation appears to occur with slightly greater frequency in women. \u0000Conclusion: Disc desiccation is more prevalent in young trauma victims than was previously believed. Concern regarding sample size was discussed, as were suggestions for further research, such as larger sample size, consideration of the direction of impact, the effects of health or obesity upon the occurrence and/or degree of injury.","PeriodicalId":15184,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioequivalence & Bioavailability","volume":"23 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79534494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The net water uptake by excitable cells is a primary mechanism for pain signal generation","authors":"S. Ayrapetyan","doi":"10.4172/0975-0851.1000E86","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/0975-0851.1000E86","url":null,"abstract":"An abnormal (hyper) excitation of neuronal and muscle membranes, which is transmitted into central nervous system (CNS) and generates pain sensation. Hence, the bioequivalence of the water by the cells in the body determines the phenomenon. Since pain can be generated by different phenomena, starting from mechanical damage to the breakdown of different metabolic pathways, there must be a common cellular mechanism through which various physical, chemical and metabolic factors generate abnormal excitation of cell membrane. It is known that pain sensation can be changed upon the effect of extremely weak chemical and physical signals, having intensity even less than thermal threshold and non-linear dose-dependent character.","PeriodicalId":15184,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioequivalence & Bioavailability","volume":"248 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77250596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Screening of Permeation Enhancers for Trans-Nail Delivery of Terbinafine Hydrochloride","authors":"A. Kushwaha","doi":"10.4172/0975-0851.1000381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/0975-0851.1000381","url":null,"abstract":"In this project, several permeation enhancers were screened to improve the penetration of terbinafine hydrochloride into the nail plate. Human nail plate clippings were used to perform the screening studies. As the results of high throughput screening, tween 80, tween 60, tween 40 and tween 20 showed the ability to improve the penetration of terbinafine into the nail clippings ~2.5, 2, 3 and 2.5-fold more compared to control. The amount of terbinafine penetrated in the nail clippings in case of PEG-35 castor oil and PEG-40 castor oil was ~2.5 and 2.5-fold more compared to control. Glycerol, sodium lauryl sulfate and span 80 enhanced the penetration of terbinafine into the nail clippings by ~2, 4.5 and 2.5-fold more compared to control. Transcutol, TPGS, propylene glycol, isopropyl myristate, octyldodecanol, decyl oleate and oleyl oleate were not able to improve the penetration of terbinafine in the nail clippings compare to control. Screening studies concluded that sodium lauryl sulfate was found to be potential permeation enhancer which improved the penetration of terbinafine significantly. *Corresponding author: Abhishek Singh Kushwaha, TranSkin Research Pvt. Ltd, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India, Tel: +91 9981983734; E-mail: askushwaha@transkinresearch.com Received June 26, 2018; Accepted July 18, 2018; Published July 28, 2018 Citation: Kushwaha AS (2018) The Screening of Permeation Enhancers for TransNail Delivery of Terbinafine Hydrochloride. J Bioequiv Availab 10: 75-77. 381. doi: 10.4172/0975-0851.1000381 Copyright: © 2018 Kushwaha AS. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Permeation enhancers The total amount of terbinafine (μg/mg) Control 0.10 ± 0.03 Tween 80 0.26 ± 0.09 Glycerol 0.20 ± 0.07 Transcutol 0.18 ± 0.02 PEG-35 castor oil 0.25± 0.04 PEG-40 castor oil 0.25 ± 0.05 Sodium lauryl sulfate 0.45 ± 0.06 Tween 40 0.30 ± 0.03 Tween 20 0.25 ± 0.05 TPGS 0.14 ± 0.02 Tween 60 0.23 ± 0.03 Propylene glycol 0.12 ± 0.02 Span 80 0.25 ± 0.05 Isopropyl mystirate 0.08 ± 0.05 Octyl dodecanol 0.08 ± 0.01 Decyl oleate 0.08 ± 0.02 Oleyl oleate 0.10 ± 0.03 Table 1: The total amount of terbinafine extracted from the nail clippings. Citation: Kushwaha AS (2018) The Screening of Permeation Enhancers for Trans-Nail Delivery of Terbinafine Hydrochloride. J Bioequiv Availab 10: 75-77. 381. doi: 10.4172/0975-0851.1000381 J Bioequiv Availab, an open access journal ISSN: 0975-0851 Volume 10(3): 75-77 (2018) 76 Kimwipes®. Nail clipping was placed dipped in a testing formulation once and placed in a 5 ml glass vial. Glass vial was kept at room temperature. After 24 h, each nail clipping was washed 5 times with a 3 ml of 50% ethanol solution in water. Each nail clipping was pat dried with Kimwipes®. The amount of terbinafine is penetrated in the nail plate after 24 h was qua","PeriodicalId":15184,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioequivalence & Bioavailability","volume":"10 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84742304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Screening of Permeation Enhancers for Transdermal Delivery of Propofol","authors":"A. Kushwaha","doi":"10.4172/0975-0851.1000378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/0975-0851.1000378","url":null,"abstract":"Propofol is a highly lipophilic anesthetic drug used to induce sedation, predictable amnesia and anxiolysis. In this project, several permeation enhancers were screened to improve the permeation of propofol across the porcine full thickness skin. The screening studies of permeation enhancers was performed in two phases. As a result of the first phase of screening studies, DMSO, Laureth-4 and transcutol were found to be the potential penetration enhancers which improved the permeation of propofol across the skin ~ 4, 3.5 and 4.5-fold more compared to control. A 100% propofol was used as a control. In the second phase, the combination of DMSO and Laureth-L4 (F1) delivered 278.6 ± 20.3 µg/cm2 propofol across the skin which were found to be ~ 18 more compared to control (15.68 ± 2.6 µg/cm2 ). The studies in this project concluded that the combination of DMSO and Laureth-L4 can be used for the development of transdermal propofol product in the future.","PeriodicalId":15184,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioequivalence & Bioavailability","volume":"20 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80180489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Prescribing Trend of Drugs at Out Patient’s Chest Ward of Government Tertiary Care Hospital Situated in Karachi","authors":"M. Khan, S. Ali, S. Alam, R. Fatima, S. Kashif, R. Bushra, F. Zafar, H. Ali, M. Hassan, S. Jahan","doi":"10.4172/JBB.1000370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/JBB.1000370","url":null,"abstract":"In this present study prescription patterns were assessed at outpatient chest departments in a tertiary care Government hospital. A prospective study was conducted at outpatient’s chest department of a tertiary care Government hospital in Karachi. The study was conducted from November 2013 to February 2014. The study sampled the prescriptions randomly. Inclusive criteria were based on those patients suffering from respiratory diseases were included in the study and treatment at outpatient chest department, whereas exclusive criteria were based on patients with other than respiratory diseases were not included in the study. Data was obtained from the prescription of the outpatients and these prescriptions were obtained from the pharmacy of the outpatient pharmacy. Data was analysed statistically by using SPSS version 20. In the present study total 241 patients were included in the study and their prescription containing at least one antibiotics were analysed. About 140 (58.09%) patients were females and 101(41.91%) were males. Out of 600 prescribed drugs, 169 were antibiotics in which mostly prescribed antibiotics group was 84(14% B-Lactam), 135(22.5%) bronchodilator, 89(14.8%) anti-allergy, 115(19.2%) analgesic and 48(8%) were antiulcerant. The drug utilization studies are important tool to sensitize and increases awareness among physicians, which ultimately improves rational prescribing and patient care.","PeriodicalId":15184,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioequivalence & Bioavailability","volume":"47 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77477281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formulation, Optimization and In Vitro Evaluation of Solubility Enhanced Fast Disintegrating Tablets of Mebendazole","authors":"D. Assefa, A. Belete, N. Joseph","doi":"10.4172/0975-0851.1000382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/0975-0851.1000382","url":null,"abstract":"Mebendazole (MBZ) is used for the treatment of different intestinal helminthic infections (IHIs) and extraintestinal helminthic infections (EIHs). Due to its poor aqueous solubility and high first pass metabolism, MBZ has low bioavailability that can affect the therapeutic efficacy of the drug for EIHs. The aim of the present study is to develop solubility enhanced rapidly disintegrating tablets of MBZ with a simple and industrially feasible manufacturing process. The influence of the selected excipients (nicotinamide (NIC), crospovidone and microcrystalline cellulose to mannitol ratio (MCC: MNTL)) on the physicochemical properties of MBZ were determined by using 32 factorial design. By using the shake flask method, NIC as hydrotropic agent enhanced solubility of MBZ more than 16 times in 40% w/v hydrotropic solution. Formulation (F8) which consisted of 5% crospovidone, 2:1 MCC: MNTL and 1 MBZ: 3 NIC hydrotropic solid dispersion (HSD) prepared by kneading method (KM1:3) had the shortest disintegration time (21 ± 1.7 sec), lowest wetting time (56 ± 3 sec) and largest crushing strength (10.25 ± 0.79 kg/cm2). These properties could be due to the binding and disintegrant properties of MCC and the disintegrant property of crospovidone. All of the formulations released more than 75% of the label claim within 20 min except formulation without NIC (F10). The rapid dissolution behavior is likely due to the formation of hydrotropic system. *Corresponding author: Desta Assefa, College of Public Health and Medical Sciences, Jimma University, Ethiopia, Tel: +251913860017; E-mail: destaassefa24@yahoo.com Received August 04, 2018; Accepted August 23, 2018; Published September 01, 2018 Citation: Assefa D, Belete A, Joseph NM (2018) Formulation, Optimization and In Vitro Evaluation of Solubility Enhanced Fast Disintegrating Tablets of Mebendazole. J Bioequiv Availab 10: 78-83. 382. doi: 10.4172/0975-0851.1000382 Copyright: © 2018 Assefa D, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Citation: Assefa D, Belete A, Joseph NM (2018) Formulation, Optimization and In Vitro Evaluation of Solubility Enhanced Fast Disintegrating Tablets of Mebendazole. J Bioequiv Availab 10: 78-83. 382. doi: 10.4172/0975-0851.1000382 J Bioequiv Availab, an open access journal ISSN: 0975-0851 Volume 10(4): 78-83 (2018) 79 Materials and Methods The materials used were MBZ (SupharmaChem, India), NIC (Lonza Guangzhou Ltd, China), crospovidone (China Associate Co. Ltd, Shenzhen, China), MCC (Avicel®MicrocelluloseWeissenborn GmbH + KG, Weissenborn, Germany) and MNTL (China Associate Co. Ltd, Shenzhen, China), Whatman® filter paper, etc. Calibration curve of mebendazole As stock solution, 200 μg/ mL were prepared using MBZ (10 mg) and formic acid (20 mL). This solution was made up to 50 mL and dilute","PeriodicalId":15184,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioequivalence & Bioavailability","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78472356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementation of Design of Experiments in Development and Optimization of Transfersomal Carrier system of Tacrolimus for the Dermal Management of Psoriasis in Albino Wistar Rat","authors":"V. Parkash, Saurabh Maan, ana Chaudhary, Vikas Jogpal, G. Mittal, V. Jain","doi":"10.4172/0975-0851.1000385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/0975-0851.1000385","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was aimed to deal with development and optimization of transfersomal system for enhancement of transdermal drug delivery of tacrolimus drug for the treatment of psoriasis. Transfersomes containing tacrolimus was prepared by rotary evaporation method using Box- Behnken design. The levels of the drug, phosphatidylcholine and sodium desoxycholate (independent variables) were varied to study the influence on particle size, % entrapment efficiency and flux. The results of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies proved that transfersomes were significantly superior in terms of drug permeation across the rat skin, with mean residence time of 52.58 ± 3.62 min. This was further confirmed by confocal laser scanning microscopic study. Transfersomes showed better antipsoriatic activities, compared to liposomes by virtue of better permeation through Wistar albino rat skin. Finally, it was concluded that the transfersomes accentuates the transdermal flux of tacrolimus and could be used for the management of psoriasis.","PeriodicalId":15184,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioequivalence & Bioavailability","volume":"20 1","pages":"98-105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81330362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Debate on Bioavailability and Bioequivalence (BA/BE) Studies Using Limited Sampling Strategy: Views and Perspectives","authors":"N. Srinivas","doi":"10.4172/JBB.10000E82","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/JBB.10000E82","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15184,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioequivalence & Bioavailability","volume":"58 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89145007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case Presentation on Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Consolidation","authors":"Sekhar Jyoti Deka, C. Baruah","doi":"10.4172/0975-0851.1000374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/0975-0851.1000374","url":null,"abstract":"A pulmonary consolidation is a case where the lung tissues gets filled with fluid instead of air. The person suffers from a condition of induration (inflammation or thickening of soft tissue) of lung where left lower lobe (LLL) is more prone to consolidation. The case includes all the examination leading to the findings of the disease, symptoms, and the treatment. The patient’s records have been kept confidential and private.","PeriodicalId":15184,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioequivalence & Bioavailability","volume":"26 1","pages":"33-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76135247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Inevitable Future of Generic Pharma Drugs Companies","authors":"E. Eilat","doi":"10.4172/0975-0851.1000377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/0975-0851.1000377","url":null,"abstract":"Fierce competition and public pressure on pharmaceutical companies pose challenges for ethical and generic pharma companies. 7-10% annual price erosion for generic companies leads to decrease profitability With increased competition combined with pressure from payers, pushes margins lower. Competition made its mark of some global generic players and led to the rise of Indian players, however price erosion also affects these players. The ability of the generic players to increase their margins are the key elements in their survivor and thrive. The way to achieve that is by utilizing drug delivery technologies, that can introduce added-value within limited investments (as low as US$ 10-20M), through the 505(b)2 regulatory process (a similar process has been adopted by the European agency and recently by the Chinese authority). Herein I will share my views on the inevitable future of generic pharmaceutical companies.","PeriodicalId":15184,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioequivalence & Bioavailability","volume":"123 14 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81296430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}