Journal of Cancer Science & Therapy最新文献

{"title":"Immunotherapeutic Approaches to Target Cancer Stem Cell: Progress and Challenges","authors":"S. Deshmukh","doi":"10.4172/1948-5956.1000E136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/1948-5956.1000E136","url":null,"abstract":"The success of immunotherapeutic approaches for melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer raised hope for the treatment of other malignancies as well. However, resistance to the cancer therapies developed by tumor cells is the biggest challenge in the cancer treatment. Due to the heterogeneous nature of cancer, the bulk tumor consists of diverse cells having distinct molecular, morphological and phenotypic signatures with differential levels of sensitivity to treatment [1,2]. The cancer stem cells (CSCs) that are rare immortal cells of bulk tumor have the capability to self-renew by dividing and give rise to many cell types that constitute the tumor. CSCs are increasingly identified as the source of tumor progression, metastasis, and cancer therapy resistance and relapse [2,3]. Treatment strategies that can eliminate CSCs and nonCSCs suggested improving the long-term clinical outcome for cancer patients. Since immunotherapy directly utilizes the immune cells and works in the distinct principle from chemotherapy or small molecule therapy, it can be an alternative therapeutic approach to target CSCs.","PeriodicalId":15170,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer Science & Therapy","volume":"22 1","pages":"151-151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83284699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nivolumab Induced Hemolitic Anemia in Patient with Advanced Squamous Cell Lung Cancer (SCC)","authors":"V. Scotti, V. Maragna, F. Meacci, M. Teriaca, J. Topulli, L. Visani, L. Livi, A. Bosi","doi":"10.4172/1948-5956.1000532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/1948-5956.1000532","url":null,"abstract":"Nivolumab, a humanized IgG4 programmed death-1 (PD-1) inhibitor antibody, is approved in Italy for advanced non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), for advanced melanoma in association with ipilimumab, in second line renal cell carcinoma (RCC), in Hodgkin lymphoma relapsed after autologous stem cell transplantation and treatment with brentuximab vedotin, in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma progressed after platinum therapy and in locally advanced urothelial carcinoma unresectable or metastatic after failure of previous platinum therapy. Its immunogenic potential is well known, with described autoimmune-like syndromes, but no clear association is evident for hemolytic anemia. We report case of a 68-year-old man who developed hemolytic anemia after 28 cycles of treatment for advanced Squamous Cell Lung Cancer (SSC).","PeriodicalId":15170,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer Science & Therapy","volume":"20 1","pages":"143-144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86718008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cutaneous Plasmacytoma: An Uncommon Entity","authors":"S. Nusrat, A. Shakir, A. Keruakous","doi":"10.4172/1948-5956.1000I101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/1948-5956.1000I101","url":null,"abstract":"Extramedullary plasmacytoma is a manifestation of multiple myeloma in which a discrete mass of neoplastic monoclonal plasma cells forms within soft tissue [1]. Cutaneous plasmacytoma remains an uncommon entity. We present a case of a 61-year-old female with a seven-year history of multiple myeloma diagnosed in the setting of a pathological fracture secondary to multiple lytic lesions. Patient initially went into remission after receiving Bortezomib-based chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplant. Following transplant, she was noted to be in CR2 with no evidence of light chain disease for 3 years. She then developed an enlarging anterior abdominal wall mass which was consistent with plasmacytoma [2]. Core biopsy of the lesion showed CD138 positive and kappa-restricted plasma cells with a high proliferation index, thereby establishing disease relapse. The lesions continued to progress in size and number and she was hospitalized for concerns of superimposed infection. Vitals on admission were within normal limits. On exam, multiple foulsmelling, fungating tumors occupying a dimeter of 5 centimeters or more were noted on the infraumbilical region of the abdominal wall (Figures 1 and 2).","PeriodicalId":15170,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer Science & Therapy","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87836345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Construction of an Electronic Nose Detects Volatile Organic Compounds from Blood, useful for the Diagnosis and Screening of Ovarian Carcinoma","authors":"G. Horvath, J. Ranstam, M. Ottosson, Morgan Nilsen","doi":"10.4172/1948-5956.1000572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/1948-5956.1000572","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15170,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer Science & Therapy","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87934472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The use of the Appendix for Reconstruction of the Left Ureter: A Case Report","authors":"H. Soliman","doi":"10.4172/1948-5956.1000530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/1948-5956.1000530","url":null,"abstract":"We present the case of a 38-year-old female with a locally advanced recto-sigmoid adenocarcinoma. Preoperative CT scan showed that the tumour is closely related to the left psoas muscle, with total encasement of the left ureter, causing Grade II left sided hydronephrosis. Exploration was done, and an extended left hemicolectomy, with en-bloc resection of a segment of about 6 cm from the left ureter was performed. After trying to approximate both cut ends, it was clear from the start that they will not reach, and a bridge would be needed to reconstruct the ureter.","PeriodicalId":15170,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer Science & Therapy","volume":"11 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74149814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anticancer Activity of Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles using Murraya koenigii Leaf Extract against HT-29 Colon Cancer Cell Line","authors":"K. Roshni, M. Younis, D. Ilakkiyapavai, Preethi Basavaraju, Vinayaga Moorthi Puthamohan","doi":"10.4172/1948-5956.1000521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/1948-5956.1000521","url":null,"abstract":"Plants extract from Murraya koenigii was used for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) using silver nitrate solution. Ag NPs were characterized by UV–vis spectrophotometer, scanning electron microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDX) and Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy (FT-IR). The formation of stable silver nanoparticles reduced to the colloidal solution are observed by UV–vis spectrophotometer analysis. SEM determination of the brown coloured samples with well dispersed nanoparticles seen after treatment with silver nitrate showed the presence of silver nanoparticle whereas the EDX analysis performed is to confirm the presence of silver molecules in the sample and FTIR measurement carried out identifies the biomolecules present in M. koenigii leaf responsible for capping leading to efficient stabilization of the silver nanoparticles. The anticancer potential of the nanoparticles was evaluated using MTT assay on HT-29 colon cancer cell line. Ag NPs showed potent cytotoxic activity against the human colorectal adenocarcinoma (HT-29) cell line at higher concentrations. This study insights the M. koenigii synthesized silver NP’s could be an effective applicability drug candidate for colon cancer.","PeriodicalId":15170,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer Science & Therapy","volume":"4 1","pages":"72-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89894327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aflatoxins, Carcinogens in Food, as Etiological Factors in Human Malignant Neoplasias of the Lung","authors":"M. Carvajal-Moreno, E. Garcia-Hernandez, M. D. C. Gonzalez-Villasenor, A. González-Mendoza, Valentin A Rojas-Marin","doi":"10.4172/1948-5956.1000559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/1948-5956.1000559","url":null,"abstract":"Lung cancer is a malignant neoplasm of the lung or bronchial cells and is one of the primary causes of mortality in men and is the third leading cause of death in women worldwide. Active and passive tobacco smoking are considered the main risk factors for the development of lung cancer, but aflatoxins have also been considered important etiological factors. Aflatoxins, which are fungal secondary metabolites produced primarily by Aspergillus spp., are chemically bis or tetra-hydrodifuran coumarins that contaminate foods (cereals, oilseeds, spices, dry fruits and dairy products). Aflatoxins are better recognized as hepatocarcinogens, but they can cause lung cancer via the formation of links to DNA and by the formation of AFB1-DNA adducts, which can remain in the DNA for years and cause mutations and eventually cancers. The ingestion of aflatoxin-contaminated foods is the most common way in which individuals are exposed to these carcinogens, but other routes of exposure include nasal aerosol inhalation of AFB1, which damages the lung. Alveolar macrophages possess specific oxidase activity for the epoxidation of AFB1. In the biotransformation of the lung by AFB1, AFB1 requires a catalyzed metabolic activation of cytochrome P450 (CYP), the levels of which are low in the lung, to exert its carcinogenic activity. AFB1 activation in the lung is achieved by prostaglandin H-synthetize, lipoxygenases, and CYP2A13 enzymes, the last of which catalyzes metabolic activation. CYP2A13 also plays a critical role in human lung carcinogenesis associated with inhalation exposure to AFB1 and is highly efficient in the activation of AFB1 in situ. Aflatoxins (AFB1 and AFG1) cause point mutations in K-Ras and H-Ras as well as in the p53 tumor suppressor gene, which can cause lung cancer. This article summarizes the known etiology of lung cancer with respect to the human food carcinogens AFB1 and AFG1, the molecular mechanisms of aflatoxins, and the known point mutations in the K-Ras, H-ras and p53 genes. This article also discusses a possible biocontrol (creosote bush or Larrea tridentata), the use of which is limited by its toxicity.","PeriodicalId":15170,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer Science & Therapy","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80381475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Up-regulation of Mismatch Repair Pathway by Suicide Gene Therapy: Implications on the use of Temozolomide Treatment in Malignant Glioma","authors":"H. Samaranayake, Venla Olsson, Jere Kurkipuro, A. Määttä, H. Stedt, H. Kärkkäinen, M. Kaikkonen, M. Taavitsainen, Taina Vuorio, Nigel R. Parker, S. Ylä-Herttuala","doi":"10.4172/1948-5956.1000547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/1948-5956.1000547","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The dependency of the efficacy of temozolomide (TMZ) on cellular DNA repair activities makes it therapeutically effective in approximately half of malignant glioma (MG) patient population with a dysfunctional DNA repair system. Adenovirus-mediated Herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase and ganciclovir (AdHSV-tk/GCV) suicide gene therapy is effective in those as well as in MG patients with a functional DNA repair system. When administered together, these two therapies show evidence of synergistic cytotoxicity. However, the validity of such claims has been questioned as the exact mechanism has been unknown. Methods: The underlying mechanism was studied in rat and human MG cell lines and in an immunocompetent, orthotopic, syngeneic rat MG model. Results: The results, for the first time, revealed an up-regulation of mismatch repair (MMR) pathway in MG cells by AdHSV-tk/GCV therapy, an adjunct effect to AdHSV-tk/GCV’s pro-apoptotic therapeutic mode of action that enhanced the cytotoxicity of TMZ. When combined with AdHSV-tk/GCV therapy, initially resistant MG cells were sensitized to TMZ treatment. The enhancement of TMZ’s efficacy was also seen in vivo as a significant increase in survival and a reduction in tumor growth rate, without affecting the adverse effect profile. Conclusion: This study demonstrates a synergistic outcome of AdHSV-tk/GCV and TMZ treatment combination, underlying mechanism for the synergy and a possible improved therapeutic protocol for enhanced efficacy. The findings may have an impact on future clinical use of this treatment combination, as well as benefit other chemotherapies, which depend on MMR pathway for action.","PeriodicalId":15170,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer Science & Therapy","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78883055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined Angiotensin Receptor Blocker Losartan and the CXCR4 Inhibitor AMD3100 Increases the Efficacy of Radiotherapy in a Metastatic Osteosarcoma Mouse Model","authors":"Sen Li, Wende Li, C. Leung, Shuji Kitahara, Yujiao Liu, Sebastian Klein, D. Fukumura, L. Gerweck, J. Loeffler, R. Jain, D. Duda, Peigen Huang","doi":"10.4172/1948-5956.1000570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/1948-5956.1000570","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15170,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer Science & Therapy","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74122210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel Revolution in Diagnosis and Therapy of Breast and prostat e Cancer","authors":"Sherif Salah Hesen, N. Sherif","doi":"10.4172/1948-5956.1000527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/1948-5956.1000527","url":null,"abstract":"New cancer markers have been discovered in the form of male and female oncogene peptide protein and its anti-peptide antibodies. They were found in both salvia and blood samples of females with breast cancer and males with prostate cancer, in a pilot study for fifteen married patients having cancer in advanced-stage and their Husbands and Wives. Ten females, their age ranging from 32 to 58 for breast cancer (group A), five males for prostate cancer their age ranging from 54 to 71 years (group B), and four normal persons [two male and two female], their age ranging from 23 to 34 years] (as control group), were recruited into a controlled study to investigate the presence of the new suspected oncogene peptide proteins and their specific anti-oncogene antibodies in their blood and saliva. Tumour markers, C.T scan, ultrasound, and mammogram reports were completely collected before the study for each subject in the three groups. The collection data revealed the presence of male oncogene peptide protein [MOP] in serum and saliva samples of male Husbands in group A and its specific anti-oncogene antibodies [AMOP] in the serum samples of each female affected with breast cancer in group A, and the presence of female oncogene peptide protein [FOP] in all five female Wives and its specific anti-oncogene antibodies [AFOP] in each male affected with prostate cancer in group B, and the differences between normal controls and cancer patients were estimated by different in vitro and in vivo experimental trails. Our conclusions showed that a direct relation exists between the increases in concentration levels of OPP and its AOAbs, and the stage of malignancy. These promising results can open the doors for a new challenge, by developing a therapeutic and prophylactic cancer vaccine as well as new biological markers for breast and prostate cancer.","PeriodicalId":15170,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer Science & Therapy","volume":"409 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79824072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}