Journal of Cancer Science & Therapy最新文献

{"title":"Role of Oxygen and Nitrogen Radicals in the Mechanism of Anticancer Drug Cytotoxicity.","authors":"Birandra Kumar Sinha","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Because of the emergence of drug-resistant tumor cells, successful treatments of human malignancies have been difficult to achieve in the clinic. In spite of various approaches to overcome multi drug resistance, it has remained challenging and elusive. It is, therefore, necessary to define and understand the mechanisms of drug-induced tumor cell killing for the future development of anticancer agents and for rationally designed combination chemotherapies. The clinically active antitumor drugs, topotecan, doxorubicin, etoposide, and procarbazine are currently used for the treatment of human tumors. Therefore, a great deal research has been carried to understand mechanisms of actions of these agents both in the laboratory and in the clinic. These drugs are also extensively metabolized in tumor cells to various reactive species and generate oxygen free radical species (ROS) that initiate lipid peroxidation and induce DNA damage. However, the roles of ROS in the mechanism of cytotoxicity remain unappreciated in the clinic. In addition to ROS, various reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are also formed in tumor cells and <i>in vivo</i>. However, the importance of RNS in cancer treatment is not clear and has remained poorly defined. This review discusses the current understanding of the formation and the significance of ROS and RNS in the mechanisms of various clinically active anticancer drugs.</p>","PeriodicalId":15170,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer Science & Therapy","volume":"12 1","pages":"10-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7269165/pdf/nihms-1579889.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38006911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Durable Response to Immune Checkpoint Blockade Plus Albumin-Bound Paclitaxel in Two Osimertinib-Refractory Patients with EGFR-mutated Lung Adenocarcinoma","authors":"Bo Yang, Yaping Long, Zhibo Zhang, Yuheng Ma, Z. Cui, P. Cui, Xiao-yan Li, Y. Hu","doi":"10.4172/1948-5956.1000604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/1948-5956.1000604","url":null,"abstract":"Osimertinib (AZD9291, Tagrisso) is an irreversible third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) compound. Limited effective therapeutic regimens are recommended for patients who progress with osimertinib. We retrospectively reviewed two patients with EGFR mutations who were resistant to osimertinib and received anti-programmed cell death-1 (anti-PD-1) agents combined with Abraxane with stage IV cancer. The two patients (one male and one female) were diagnosed with EGFR mutation-positive advanced lung adenocarcinoma and received first- or second-generation EGFR-TKIs. When these patients became resistant, both received osimertinib. Both patients had disease progression after osimertinib and received combination therapy of immune checkpoint blockade (nivolumab or pembrolizumab) and albumin-bound paclitaxel (Abraxane). These patients achieved partial remission (PR), and their progression-free survival (PFS) were respectively 8.0 months and 10.0 months. The combination of immunotherapy and Abraxane could be an effective option for the treatment of patients resistant to osimertinib.","PeriodicalId":15170,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer Science & Therapy","volume":"104 1","pages":"175-177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80850426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Significant Role of MCM10 in Lung Adenocarcinoma: Promote Viability and Migration","authors":"Jianyi Zhao, Xuan Zhao, Chaoqi Zhang, Qingyi Zhang, Zhen Zhang, Zhibo Shen, Yang Yang, Xiangnan Li, Y. Qi, Zhan-feng He, Chunyang Zhang, Renyin Chen, Yi Zhang, Song Zhao","doi":"10.4172/1948-5956.1000596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/1948-5956.1000596","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Lung cancer is one of the most common cancer in the world, the role of minichromosome maintenance 10 (MCM10) in lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) is still unknown. Methods: Using TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) database, MCM10 RNA-seq and patients’ clinicopathological characteristics were analyzed. The nomogram and Time-dependent area under the curve (AUC) were built from analysis of multivariate Cox regression model in TCGA database. In our patient cohort, the expression of MCM10 in gene and protein were detected, functional studies were further explored. Moreover, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was performed using TCGA database.Results: In TCGA database and our patient cohort, MCM10 expression was higher in tumor tissues than normal tissues. Overall survival (OS) status revealed that high MCM10 group was poorer than low MCM10 group in TCGA database (p=0.0212) and our patient cohort (p=0.0391). Patients with higher MCM10 expression displayed shorter progression free survival (PFS) time in our patient cohort (p=0.0323). MCM10 could be a diagnostic marker due to receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve in TCGA database (p<0.0001) and our patient cohort (p=0.0048). Univariate and multivariate cox analysis demonstrated that MCM10 was an independent prognosticator for ADC. The nomogram model combined MCM10 expression, age and pathologic stage could predict the probability of 1108 days OS and it was assessed by C-index and calibration curve in TCGA database. Time-dependent AUC showed this model in predicting OS probability was particularly effective in earlier patients. Silence of MCM10 inhibited the cell proliferation, induced the G0/G1 phase arrest in cell cycle, promoted apoptosis and decreased migration in vitro. GSEA identified that higher expression of MCM10 was positively correlated with cellular mitosis, cell cycle, chromatin assembly, DNA biosynthetic process and DNA replication. Conclusion: Our study reveals that MCM10 plays a crucial role and could be an important marker for prognosis in AD","PeriodicalId":15170,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer Science & Therapy","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85377135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cisplatin-Based Chemotherapy of Human Cancers","authors":"Andrea Brown, Sanjay Kumar, P. Tchounwou","doi":"10.4172/1948-5956.1000592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/1948-5956.1000592","url":null,"abstract":"Cisplatin (cis-diammine-dichloro-platinum II) was initially discovered to prevent the growth of Escherichia coli and was further recognized for its anti-neoplastic and cytotoxic effects on cancer cells. Administered intravenously to humans, cisplatin is used as first-line chemotherapy treatment for patients diagnosed with various types of malignancies, such as leukemia, lymphomas, breast, testicular, ovarian, head and neck, and cervical cancers, and sarcomas. Once cisplatin enters the cell it exerts its cytotoxic effect by losing one chloride ligand, binding to DNA to form intra-strand DNA adducts, and inhibiting DNA synthesis and cell growth. The DNA lesions formed from cisplatin-induced DNA damage activate DNA repair response via NER (nuclear excision repair system) by halting cisplatin-induced cell death by activation of ATM (ataxia telangiectasia mutated) pathway. Although treatment has been shown to be effective, many patients experience relapse due to drug resistance. As a result, other platinum compounds such as oxaliplatin and carboplatin have since been used and have shown some levels of effectiveness. In this review, the clinical applications of cisplatin are discussed with a special emphasis on its use in cancer chemotherapy.","PeriodicalId":15170,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer Science & Therapy","volume":"172 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76958388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of chlorophyllin e6 photodynamic therapy in human bladder cancer cells","authors":"pGang Chenp","doi":"10.4172/1948-5956-C1-160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/1948-5956-C1-160","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15170,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer Science & Therapy","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84083845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FLOT1 is a novel target of ovarian cancer for diagnosis and treatment","authors":"pGuoxiong Xup","doi":"10.4172/1948-5956-C1-159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/1948-5956-C1-159","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15170,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer Science & Therapy","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73871604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PIWI-Interacting RNAs in Oral Cancer: Paradigm Shift in Prognosis and Diagnosis","authors":"Shilpi Gupta, Prabhat Kumar, Jayant Maini, B. Das, M. Bhardwaj","doi":"10.4172/1948-5956.1000589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/1948-5956.1000589","url":null,"abstract":"Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most prevalent cancer in Indian subcontinent with high recurrence rate, aggressive metastasis, and poor prognosis. The potential risk-factors for OSCC are tobacco smoking, alcohol intake, and persistent infection of oncogenic human papillomaviruses (HR-HPVs). HPV-positive OSCCs show distinct genetic and epigenetic changes along with distinct clinical, epidemiological and molecular characteristics. Recently, with the accumulation of large amount of genomic and epigenomic data, there is an increasing focus on epigenetic alterations playing key roles in cancer pathogenesis. Non-coding RNAs, especially the small noncoding RNAs (sncRNAs) have gained attention since they have been demonstrated to fine tune transcription via alterations in the epigenetic landscape. There are ample evidences supporting the role of small non-coding RNAs such as miRNAs and piRNAs in development and disease including cancers. PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), a class of sncRNAs are emerging players involved in transcription silencing. Its altered regulation is associated with the development of variety of tumors including oral carcinogenesis; however, their tumor specific roles are not fully understood. Therefore, identification and comprehensive characterization of oncogenic as well as tumor suppressive pi-RNAs and dissecting their roles in tumorigenesis is of great importance in the field of cancer biology. Furthermore, piRNAs may potentially serve as unique therapeutic targets and/or molecular markers for early detection and effective treatment of OSCC subtypes. In this mini review, we briefly summarize the emerging role of PIWI-RNAs in oral cancer.","PeriodicalId":15170,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer Science & Therapy","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77142557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Weight Loss in Nasopharyngeal Cancer is Mainly Associated with Pre-Treatment Dental Extraction, a European Single-Center Experience","authors":"S. Benkhaled, T. Dragan, S. Beauvois, A. D. Caluwé, D. V. Gestel","doi":"10.4172/1948-5956.1000587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/1948-5956.1000587","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) consists of radiotherapy alone (stage I) or radiotherapy concomitant with chemotherapy (stage II-V). Acute side effects management forms a major challenge for practitioners. Substantial literature is available from endemic areas, whereas data from Europe is scarce. This study examines clinical characteristics, therapeutic results, acute and late side effects of patients treated at the Jules Bordet Institute. Materials and Methods: Twenty-two consecutive non-metastatic NPC patients treated between May 2012 and September 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were treated by Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) with or without chemotherapy (CT). Results: Thirteen patients have North-African ancestry while nine are of European origin. Seventy-three percent had a non-keratinizing carcinoma and 90% had an advanced stage disease (III-IVb). Ninety-five percent of the patients received concomitant CT. After a median follow-up time of 31 months, overall survival was 77%. Local, regional and distant control rates were 95%, 86% and 73%. Main acute grade 3 toxicities were swallowing disorders (91%), vomiting (82%), oropharyngeal mucositis (64%) and dermatitis (23%). Only one patient developed grade 4 dermatitis, requiring treatment discontinuation in the sixth week. In the seventh week of treatment, 86% of the patients had lost more than 10% of their starting weight. Univariate analysis identified three factors driving the weight loss: grade 3 mucositis of the soft palate (p=0.027), vomiting (p=0.019) and pre-treatment dental extraction (p=0.006). In multivariate analysis, weight loss is only linked to dental extraction (p=0.042, Odds Ratio 1.62, [95% CI: 1.16-2.80]). Late toxicities were xerostomia (68%), auditory symptoms (55%), hypothyroidism (45%) and swallowing disorders (23%). Conclusion: Our clinical characteristics outcome and toxicity are comparable to published data from endemic regions. Interestingly, weight loss of >10% is correlated to pre-treatment dental extraction. This finding should be confirmed and analyzed in a prospective manner.","PeriodicalId":15170,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer Science & Therapy","volume":"84 1","pages":"73-79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81169977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Vasodilator Stimulated Phosphoprotein (VASP) in Pathogenesis of Osteosarcoma and its Association with Alkaline Phosphatase Levels","authors":"M. Halder, P. Roy, Abhrajyoti Ghosh","doi":"10.4172/1948-5956.1000586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/1948-5956.1000586","url":null,"abstract":"Osteosarcoma is the most common bone tumour seen in the paediatric and adolescent age group. Most osteosarcomas are highly malignant tumours arising within the bone. Several markers for diagnosis and prognosis have been proposed in osteosarcoma namely, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), bone alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin. A new family of a protein known as Vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein, which is known to promote cell migration may also have a role in metastasis of osteosarcoma. So this study was planned to estimate the serum concentration of VASP in patients of osteosarcoma and to find the correlation of it with serum alkaline phosphatase and compare them with controls. Fifty patients attending the Orthopaedics clinics were selected for the study and were divided into two groups. Histopathologically confirmed cases of osteosarcoma (localized without metastasis) were included in Group I and age and sex matched twenty five patients with musculoskeletal pain in Group II as controls. Serum alkaline phosphatase levels and serum vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) levels were estimated and the result was analysed using standard statistical methods. It has been found that serum VASP levels were significantly decreased and serum alkaline phosphatase levels were significantly raised in patients with osteosarcoma (Group I) as compared to the controls. Serum alkaline phosphatase levels showed a positive correlation with serum VASP levels in control, which got inverted in osteosarcoma cases. VASP, a member of ENA/VASP family, has been implicated in regulating key cellular functions (namely shape change, adhesion and migration) due to its ability to modify dynamic cytoskeleton. The negative correlation between VASP and ALP in osteosarcoma patients also supported the role of VASP in bone mineralization and tumorigenesis. So, VASP in osteosarcomas may lead to improved stratification of outcome and development of novel therapeutic modalities.","PeriodicalId":15170,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer Science & Therapy","volume":"58 1","pages":"70-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90340124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aberrant Overexpression of Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein k in Urinary Bladder Cancer Neoplasms","authors":"R. Mahmoud, G. Hammad, T. Aboushousha, Ashraf Bakkar","doi":"10.4172/1948-5956.1000576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/1948-5956.1000576","url":null,"abstract":"Bladder cancer continues to represent a major health threat, considering the fact that it is one of the major foundations of morbidity and mortality worldwide, accounting for nearly 429,800 new incidence cases and 165,100 deaths per year, it is one of the most common malignant neoplasms in the urological system and is considered as the fourth most prevalent neoplasm in males [1,2]. In Egypt, bladder malignancies are the most common among urinary system malignant tumors (90.71%) and the third among all malignancies [3]. Bladder cancer encompasses a wide spectrum of malignancies; yet its main histological type is urothelial carcinoma, which mostly develops along two main, largely independent but rather overlapping biological pathways, commonly known as papillary and non-papillary tumors. Where, papillary tumors are usually instigated by the dispersal of flat hyperplastic urothelial alterations, also termed low-grade intraurothelial neoplasia, and are characterized by superficial non-invasive papillary protrusions [4]. Although it is very unlikely for these tumors to metastasize, they have a significantly high recurrence propensity. Whereas, Non-papillary tumors develop from Maneoplasia. Non-papillary carcinomas are usually characterized by their aggressive invasion through the bladder wall and their ability to metastasize to regional lymph [5].","PeriodicalId":15170,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer Science & Therapy","volume":"304 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79787485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}