A. Mufti, M. Onofrei, B. Benmokrane, N. Banthia, M. Boulfiza, J. Newhook, B. Bakht, G. Tadros, P. Brett
{"title":"Durability of GFRP Reinforced Concrete in Field Structures","authors":"A. Mufti, M. Onofrei, B. Benmokrane, N. Banthia, M. Boulfiza, J. Newhook, B. Bakht, G. Tadros, P. Brett","doi":"10.14359/14898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14359/14898","url":null,"abstract":"Synopsis: Recently, ISIS Canada studied the durability of GFRP in concrete in several field structures across Canada. The objective of the study was to provide the engineering community with the results of the performance of GFRP materials that have been exposed to the concrete environment in built structures. Cores of GFRP-reinforced concrete were removed from five field structures. Analytical methods, namely optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray, differential scanning calorimetry and infrared spectroscopy, were used to determine the composition of GFRP after being subjected to the alkaline environment of concrete for five to eight years. Three research teams from four Canadian universities performed microanalyses of the GFRP and surrounding concrete independently. Results indicate that no deterioration of GFRP took place in any of the field structures. No chemical degradation processes occurred within the GFRP due to the alkalinity of the concrete. The overall conclusion of the study is that GFRP is durable in concrete. Also, it was concluded that the CHBDC was conservative in its first edition by not permitting GFRP as primary reinforcement. As a result of the study, the second edition of the CHBDC, currently in the final stages of approval, permits the use of GFRP as primary reinforcement.","PeriodicalId":151616,"journal":{"name":"SP-230: 7th International Symposium on Fiber-Reinforced (FRP) Polymer Reinforcement for Concrete Structures","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117144755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Influence of Bond Behavior on the Cross Sectional Forces in Flexural RC Members Strengthened with CFRP","authors":"G. Zehetmaier, K. Zilch","doi":"10.14359/14852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14359/14852","url":null,"abstract":"Synopsis: In strengthened RC members the distribution of cross sectional tensile forces is affected by the significant differences in bond behavior of the reinforcement layers. As the tensile forces in the externally bonded reinforcement is the essential input value for bond verification for example at the end anchorage, the detailed knowledge of the distribution of forces in cracked sections is of fundamental importance. In this paper the common models to describe the interactions in tensile members are summarized and an advanced numerical model based on nonlinear bond stress-slip relationships for strengthened flexural members is presented. On the basis of experimental results combined with parametric studies, the effects of various parameters – for example the axial stiffness of CFRP, the diameter of internal rebars or the concrete compressive strength – on the interactions between the different reinforcement layers are examined. For practical design bond coefficients for a simplified calculation of cross sectional tensile forces are proposed.","PeriodicalId":151616,"journal":{"name":"SP-230: 7th International Symposium on Fiber-Reinforced (FRP) Polymer Reinforcement for Concrete Structures","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117009726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"FRP-Concrete Bond Behavior: A Parametric Study Through Pull-Off Testing","authors":"B. McSweeney, Maria M. Lopez","doi":"10.14359/14847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14359/14847","url":null,"abstract":"Synopsis: The sensitivity of the FRP-concrete bond failure load to changes in geometric and material parameters is described, and initial comparisons to predictions from existing bond models are made. To accomplish this, load and strain data from a series of single-lap pull-off tests is analyzed, in which carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) strips of varying width, thickness, and bonded length were pulled from concrete blocks of varying concrete strength. It was found that the concrete compressive strength had limited effects on the bond failure load, and longer bonded lengths increased the time up to failure load. Changes to the bonded width and FRP thickness had a significant impact on the bond failure load. Failure load predictions produced by three studied bond models were found to be strongly influenced by the material properties used as input, and were occasionally insensitive to the parameters varied.","PeriodicalId":151616,"journal":{"name":"SP-230: 7th International Symposium on Fiber-Reinforced (FRP) Polymer Reinforcement for Concrete Structures","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132694519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"\"Field Installation, Splicing, and Flexural Testing of Hybrid FRP/Concrete Piles\"","authors":"K. Helmi, A. Fam, A. Mufti","doi":"10.14359/14883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14359/14883","url":null,"abstract":"Synopsis: Concrete-filled fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) tubes (CFFTs) are becoming increasingly popular in pile applications. An experimental program was undertaken to address the drivability and effect of driving forces on CFFT piles as well as the use of splices. In this program, four full-scale piles, 357 mm in diameter, and 13.7 m long, including a spliced pile, were driven into the ground and then extracted. The piles were cut into 6 m portions that were used for beam tests on spliced and unspliced specimens and 0.3 m portions used for material characterization of the FRP tube and push-off tests to evaluate the bond strength between the concrete core and FRP tube. Test results were compared to those of control specimens, which were not subjected to driving forces. In total, six beam tests, 28 push-off tests and 54 tension coupon tests were conducted. Test results indicate that driving forces have marginal effect, about 5% reduction, on the flexural strength of both unspliced and spliced CFFT piles, on bond strength and on the tensile strength of the FRP tube. It is also shown that the mechanical splice used in this study performed well and was capable of developing a moment resistance, 7% higher than that of the CFFT pile.","PeriodicalId":151616,"journal":{"name":"SP-230: 7th International Symposium on Fiber-Reinforced (FRP) Polymer Reinforcement for Concrete Structures","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132208526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Performance Evaluation of a Short-Span Bridge Built with FRP Reinforced Concrete Panels","authors":"U. Deza, A. Nanni","doi":"10.14359/14888","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14359/14888","url":null,"abstract":"Synopsis: This paper describes the evaluation of the in-service performance of a shortspan bridge deck built with FRP reinforced concrete (RC) panels. The Walters Street Bridge consists of nine FRP-RC panels connected with shear keys. The multi-panel bridge deck was monitored for a period of four years by load testing the bridge deck with standard trucks and collecting deflection data. Experimentally derived factors such as stiffness degradation, and load fraction distribution between panels were computed from field deflections and compared with AASHTO provisions and results of an analytical study. The load fraction values, which assess the transverse load distribution, were consistent along the 4-year period. Load tests involving the use of two trucks at the same time were performed in the last year with the purpose of finding the most critical deflection under service load conditions, which was compared to allowable AASHTO live load deflections. Analytical deflections were calculated using ACI guidelines and structural analysis methods. The load tests, as well as the analytical results, revealed that the deflections were well within the recommended AASHTO values.","PeriodicalId":151616,"journal":{"name":"SP-230: 7th International Symposium on Fiber-Reinforced (FRP) Polymer Reinforcement for Concrete Structures","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132240879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"FRP Application in Underwater Repair of Corroded Piles","authors":"R. Sen, G. Mullins, K. Suh, D. Winters","doi":"10.14359/14885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14359/14885","url":null,"abstract":"Synopsis: The poor durability of conventional corrosion repairs has led to increased interest for its replacement by fiber reinforced polymers (FRP). Over the past decade, several highway agencies completed demonstration projects in which FRP was used to repair corrosion damage on surfaces that were dry. These repairs have held up well and show little sign of deterioration. The availability of resins that can cure in water has made it possible to explore the application of FRP for the underwater repair of corrosion-damaged piles. This paper presents findings from three demonstration projects in which corroding reinforced and prestressed piles at two contrasting locations were repaired using two different FRP systems. Several piles were instrumented to allow long-term corrosion monitoring. The projects confirm the feasibility of conducting underwater FRP repairs in tidal waters. Preliminary data suggests that the wrap leads to a reduction in the prevailing corrosion rate.","PeriodicalId":151616,"journal":{"name":"SP-230: 7th International Symposium on Fiber-Reinforced (FRP) Polymer Reinforcement for Concrete Structures","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133173778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design Equations for FRP–Strengthening of Columns","authors":"G. Monti, S. Alessandri","doi":"10.14359/14881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14359/14881","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":151616,"journal":{"name":"SP-230: 7th International Symposium on Fiber-Reinforced (FRP) Polymer Reinforcement for Concrete Structures","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123348969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fatigue Behavior of Prestressed Concrete Bridge Girders Strengthened with Various CFRP Systems","authors":"O. Rosenboom, S. Rizkalla","doi":"10.14359/14856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14359/14856","url":null,"abstract":"Synopsis: Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) materials provide a solution for the classical challenge facing bridge maintenance engineers: the upgrading of bridges whose service life has been exceeded but due to evolving demands must stay in service. Of particular concern are rural short span prestressed concrete bridges that may be required to carry loads above the initial design value. The CFRP strengthening systems presented in this paper have the potential to increase the ultimate capacity of such bridge girders. This research project is aimed at investigating the fatigue performance of CFRP strengthening systems for prestressed concrete bridge girders. Five 9.14 meter prestressed concrete bridge girders were tested under fatigue loading conditions: one as a control specimen and four strengthened with various CFRP systems including near surface mounted (NSM) bars and strips, and externally bonded sheets and strips. Results show that CFRP strengthened prestressed concrete bridge girders can withstand over two million cycles of fatigue loading equivalent to a 20 percent increase in live load with little degradation.","PeriodicalId":151616,"journal":{"name":"SP-230: 7th International Symposium on Fiber-Reinforced (FRP) Polymer Reinforcement for Concrete Structures","volume":"118 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116109890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Shape Modification with Expansive Cement Concrete for Confinement with FRP Composites","authors":"Zihan Yan, C. Pantelides, L. Reaveley","doi":"10.14359/14880","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14359/14880","url":null,"abstract":"Synopsis: To improve the confinement effectiveness of FRP composites for square and rectangular columns, shape modification is performed by using prefabricated FRP shells combined with expansive cement concrete. Chemical post-tensioning using expansive cement concrete is used to change the FRP confinement from “passive” to “active”. Experimental results are presented demonstrating the effectiveness of this method. An analytical stress-strain model is developed for shape-modified FRP-confined columns with expansive cement concrete which is based on the modified Willam-Warnke plasticity model, the Popovics general stress-strain concrete model, and the dilatancy behavior obtained from the present study. This model is implemented by an incremental approach which accounts for the variable FRP confinement during the loading process. The analytical results show satisfactory agreement with the experiments.","PeriodicalId":151616,"journal":{"name":"SP-230: 7th International Symposium on Fiber-Reinforced (FRP) Polymer Reinforcement for Concrete Structures","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124663776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Strengthening of Off-System Bridges with Mechanically Fastened Pre-Cured FRP Laminates","authors":"A. Rizzo, N. Galati, A. Nanni","doi":"10.14359/14886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14359/14886","url":null,"abstract":"Synopsis: The Mechanically Fastened-FRP (MF-FRP) strengthening system has recently emerged as a practical alternative for strengthening RC structures. It consists of precured FRP strips having high longitudinal bearing strength attached to the concrete surface using closely spaced steel fasteners in the form of nails or concrete wedge anchors. Resin can be used as gap filler between the concrete, the strip and the fastener. This paper presents the application of MF-FRP composites to strengthen several rural bridges with flexural deficiencies located in Missouri. The efficiency of the strengthening technique was demonstrated in terms of structural performances, and costs, labor and time savings.","PeriodicalId":151616,"journal":{"name":"SP-230: 7th International Symposium on Fiber-Reinforced (FRP) Polymer Reinforcement for Concrete Structures","volume":"157 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122920571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}