Journal of biotechnology & biomaterials最新文献

{"title":"Extraction of Proteases from Medicinal Plants and their Potential as Anti-Viral Targets","authors":"A. Gupta, Ankit P. Shah, S. Chaphalkar","doi":"10.4172/2155-952X.1000228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-952X.1000228","url":null,"abstract":"Medicinal plants especially leaves are used in traditional medicine for rapid anti-viral therapy against infectious diseases. Protease, a potential candidate in medicinal plants is not so for studied in leaves. So an attempt was made to determine the protease activity of various medicinal plants especially leaves. Buffers of different pH range were used for extraction of the leaves to identify the best buffer for extraction of protease. Firstly, protein from fresh plant leaves of these medicinal plants were determined and then evaluated its protease activity using crude enzyme of protein (leaves) against specific protein antigen i.e. Bovine serum albumin (BSA). Thereafter, exposure of these proteases (acid or basic) on virally infected human whole blood samples determined through flow cytometry. The results showed that protease at particular pH of PBS buffer range of these medicinal plant leaves on virally infected human whole blood samples showed anti-viral activity.","PeriodicalId":15156,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biotechnology & biomaterials","volume":"332 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76581640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Bioethanol Production from Ulva lactuca By Saccharomyces cerevisiae","authors":"Waleed M. M. El-Sayed, Hassan A. H. Ibrahim, U. Abdul-Raouf, M. El-Nagar","doi":"10.4172/2155-952X.1000226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-952X.1000226","url":null,"abstract":"Ulva lactuca acts a vital potential marine energy crop. Reducing sugars from U. lactuca were obtained and evaluated for the bioethanol production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The optimization process was investigated by Plackett-Burman experimental design followed by immobilization technique on supported solid materials. Results show that the sugar concentration, pH level and the inoculums size have a significant effect on the bioethanol production by S. cerevisiae to give concentration (12 ± 0.5 g/g of sugar/l) with conversion efficiency (47.1%). \u0000 \u0000The immobilization of yeast cells upon luffa pulp shows the highest bioethanol productivity (13.3 g/g of sugar/l) with conversion efficiency (52%). Therefore, the immobilized yeast upon luffa pulp was recommended in the current work. Moreover, the supportive luffa pulp was efficiently used and recycled for several times in the bioethanol production.","PeriodicalId":15156,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biotechnology & biomaterials","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74075108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Inexpensive Bedding Materials for Culm Cutting of Bambusa balcooa Roxb. and Its Field Performance","authors":"Sy, A. Ray, N. Ali","doi":"10.4172/2155-952X.1000227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-952X.1000227","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Bambusa balcooa Roxb. is a species with multipurpose utility and economic value. Natural forests are being depleted due to human activities so it is necessary to grow important bamboo species in plantations. Effective propagation methods are required to generate large quantities of material for planting and culm cutting has been found to be very promising modified vegetative method. However, suitable low-cost bedding materials are required to ensure the process is efficient and cost effective. \u0000 \u0000Methods: Five different bedding materials (coarse sand, 50: 50 mixture of coarse sand and soil, soil, vermicompost, vermiculite) were assessed for macro-propagation of B. balcooa Roxb. using a two-nodal culm cutting method during the summer seasons of 2013 and 2014. \u0000 \u0000Results: Coarse sand was shown to be the most economic and easily accessible bedding material for macropropagation of bamboo followed by the mixture of coarse sand: soil. The saplings were withstood in the natural conditions. \u0000 \u0000Conclusions: Coarse sand could be used as bedding material for the successful regeneration of bamboo through macro propagation using Culm with two nodes.","PeriodicalId":15156,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biotechnology & biomaterials","volume":"101 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85478420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of Mesenchymal Cell-Scaffold Constructs in Human Oral Reconstructive Surgery: A Systematic Review","authors":"M. Cristalli, R. Marini, N. Pranno, R. Patini, G. L. Monaca, S. Annibali","doi":"10.4172/2155-952X.1000225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-952X.1000225","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Different sources of cultured cells combined with different scaffolds (allogenic, xenogeneic, alloplastic or composite materials) have been tested extensively in vitro and in preclinical animal studies, but there have been only a few clinical trials involving humans. \u0000 \u0000Aim: This study reviewed all of the English language literature published between January 1990 and December 2015 to assess the histological performance of different mesenchymal cell-scaffold constructs used for bone regeneration in human oral reconstructive procedures. \u0000 \u0000Methods: An electronic search of the MEDLINE and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases complemented by manual searching was conducted to identify studies involving histological evaluation of mesenchymal cell-scaffold constructs in human oral surgical procedures. The methodological quality of randomized controlled clinical trials and controlled clinical trials was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration tool for assessing the risk of bias. Heterogeneity was assessed using Review Manager software. Considering the heterogeneity, the data collected were reported by descriptive methods and a meta-analysis was applied only to the articles that reported the same outcome measures. The articles were classified and described based on the material scaffolds used. \u0000 \u0000Results: The search identified 1030 titles and 287 abstracts. Full-text analysis was performed for 32 articles, revealing 14 studies that fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Three randomized controlled clinical trials were identified as potentially eligible for inclusion in a meta-analysis. The studies were grouped according to the scaffold materials used: bone allograft (three studies), polyglycolic-polylactic scaffold (four studies), collagen sponge (two studies), and bovine bone matrix (five studies). The stem cells used in these studies had been sourced from the iliac crest, periosteum, dental pulp and intraoral sites. \u0000 \u0000Conclusions: The very small amount of available data makes it impossible to draw any firm conclusions regarding the increase in bone formation in human oral reconstructive procedures when using graft materials engineered with autogenous stem cells.","PeriodicalId":15156,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biotechnology & biomaterials","volume":"322 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75470792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Activating Lacto Peroxidase System (LPS) On Quality and Storage Stability of Soft Cheese","authors":"R. Parveen, R. Kausar, Ayesha Sameen, M. I. Khan, Neelum Sana","doi":"10.4172/2155-952X.1000224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-952X.1000224","url":null,"abstract":"Utilization of intrinsic enzymatic activity to increase the quality and storage stability of food product is a novel biological and biochemical technique. The aim of present research was to minimize the microbial, physiochemical and protein degradation changes in soft cheese to enhance its quality and shelf life by activating lacto peroxidase system in raw buffalo milk and ultimately using it for cheese production and studying its quality and storage stability. For this purpose buffalo milk samples were collected from Diary Research Farm at University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan. In collected milk samples LPS was activated by equimolar concentration at 20 ppm of NaSCN and H2O2 and resulting samples were used for soft cheese production. Analysis at 0, 7, 14 and 21 days of storage period were conducted under 4oC. Collected data were analyzed by using one way analysis of variance under completely randomized design (CRD). Means were compared by using LSD test at probability level of p<0.05. Results showed minimum contamination in microbial count, especially bacteria of salt tolerant, at the end of 21 days storage period. Significantly lowered yeasts, molds, Coliform and bacterial count (p<0.05) were observed in LPS activated cheese samples as compared to other. Moreover, proteolysis results determined by Urea-PAGE gel electrophoresis for casein fractions extracted from the three samples showed lower value for LPS treated cheese sample in contrast to others samples. Hence, the present study supports the Lacto peroxidase system (LPS) as a quality-cum-economical preservative technique as compared to other techniques in practice.","PeriodicalId":15156,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biotechnology & biomaterials","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85706023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Molecular Perturbation of a Deuterated Protein by Temperature Factor Refinement in X-Ray Structural Analysis of High- Resolution Diffraction Data","authors":"T. Uemura, A. Kita, Y. Morimoto","doi":"10.4172/2155-952X.1000223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-952X.1000223","url":null,"abstract":"Structural analysis of deuterated proteins, which are essential for neutron protein crystallography, involves refinement of X-ray crystallographic data using atomic or molecular thermal stability factors. Analysis of high resolution (~0.9 A) X-ray data can localize some of the hydrogen atoms in a protein molecule. Thermal stabilities and temperature factors are affected by some reasons; one of them is the masses of hydrogen and deuterium atoms. We propose a method to refine X-ray data, taking into account these effects, to show existence probability for deuterium in the protein. Thermal factors were calculated using several physical parameters, and the resultant values were fitted to the experimental thermal factors with high accuracy. This computational method can be applied to analyze and predict the hydrogen/deuterium exchanged states of protein crystals, even small crystals that are unsuitable for neutron crystallography.","PeriodicalId":15156,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biotechnology & biomaterials","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89267916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in Cell Culture: More than a Century after Cultivating Cells","authors":"Aline G Souza, Izabella C C Ferreira, Karina Marangoni, V. A. F. Bastos, V. Goulart","doi":"10.4172/2155-952X.1000221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-952X.1000221","url":null,"abstract":"To elucidate and understand complex physiological mechanisms, in vivo research is the gold standard. However, in 1907, Harrison started the in vitro cell culture as we know today, opening a path for new assays and techniques. This was a major advance in the scientific field. The possibility to monitor cell growth, differentiation and response to any number of stimuli was a leap for drug trials and screening. More than 100 years has passed, and various cell cultures techniques were developed and perfected. Diverse culture mediums and culture conditions were elaborated to attend the scientist needs. Among those advances, three-dimensional cell culture was a major breakthrough that enables a better representation of the in vivo microenvironmental characteristics. With those continuous advances in cell culture, in vitro assays are getting more reliable providing results that better represent in vivo responses.","PeriodicalId":15156,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biotechnology & biomaterials","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86525162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bone graft substitute materials","authors":"G. Blunn","doi":"10.4172/2155-952X.C1.048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-952X.C1.048","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15156,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biotechnology & biomaterials","volume":"272 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75781362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From muscle balancing to capsular balancing MAASH technique for total hip arthroplasty (THA)","authors":"Felipe G Delgado Lopez","doi":"10.4172/2155-952X.C1.049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-952X.C1.049","url":null,"abstract":"T study aims to assess the biocompatibility of new advanced fiber-reinforced composites (FRC) to be used for custommade cranial implants. Four new formulations of FRC were obtained using polymeric matrices (combinations of monomers bisphenol A glycidylmethacrylate (bis-GMA), urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA), triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA)) and E-glass fibers (300 g/mp). Every FRC contains 65% E-glass and 35% polymeric matrix. Composition of polymeric matrices are: bis-GMA (21%), TEGDMA (14%) for FRC1; bis-GMA (21%), HEMA (14%) for FRC2; bis-GMA (3.5%), UDMA (21%), TEGDMA (10.5%) for FRC3 and bis-GMA (3.5%), UDMA (21%), HEMA (10.5%) for FRC4. Cytotoxicity test was performed on both human dental pulp stem cells and dermal fibroblasts. Viability was assessed by tetrazolium dye colorimetric assay. Subcutaneous implantation test was carried out on forty male Wistar rats, randomly divided into 4 groups, according to the FRC tested. Each group received subcutaneous dorsal implants. After 30 days, intensity of the inflammatory reaction, tissue repair status and presence of the capsule were the main criteria assessed. Both cell populations showed no signs of cytotoxicity following the FRC exposures. Among the FRC formulations, the best results were obtained with FRC3, followed by FRC2. FRC3 showed the mildest inflammatory reaction and this correlated both with the non-cytotoxic behavior and the presence of a well-organized fibrous capsule (Z=-3.16, p=0.002). The composite biomaterials developed may constitute an optimized alternative of the similar materials used for the reconstruction of craniofacial bone defects. According to our studies, we conclude that FRC3 is the best formulation regarding the biological behavior.","PeriodicalId":15156,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biotechnology & biomaterials","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79511891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cutting edge concepts in the use of stem cell and PRP injections in an office setting","authors":"Joseph Purita","doi":"10.4172/2155-952X.C1.050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-952X.C1.050","url":null,"abstract":"R dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB) has been defined as severe chronic skin fragility and caused by mutations in COL7A1, which encodes for the elastic structural protein type VII collagen (C7). The 8.9 Kb COL7A1 transcript is particularly a large sequence with many repeating units which makes it difficult to manipulate and package into viral systems. Therefore, the minicircle system is ideal for use with COL7A1, firstly to minimize the overall DNA construct size while secondly increasing the safety profile of the gene therapy. We successfully inserted COL7A1 into the parental plasmid MN512A1 and combined it with our highly efficient a non-viral vector (HPAE). HPAE-MC-COL7A1 polyplexes successfully produced significant levels of recombinant C7 with negligible cytotoxicity in RDEB-TA4 keratinocytes. Minimal effect was seen on primary keratinocyte metabolic health, even after multiple applications of HPAE polyplexes. Furthermore, in vivo transfection studies revealed that HPAE carrying MC-COL7A1 restores the expression of C7 along the basement membrane zone in a human RDEB graft mouse model after intradermal injection and topical application. Of the 7 animals treated, 5 were positive for recombinant C7, with all animals receiving 2 or more applications having strong positive signal. While further assessment is required to prove this approach is safe and well tolerated in the long term, HPAE-MC-COL7A1 polyplexes showed great promise as a potential therapeutic for RDEB.","PeriodicalId":15156,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biotechnology & biomaterials","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86695966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}