Journal of biotechnology & biomaterials最新文献

{"title":"Tissue Cultured Versus Traditionally Grown Pineapples: Growth and Nutrient Profile","authors":"Donald A. Jackson, I. Williams, Donna-Marie Newby, Sannette C. Hall, S. Higgins, Ryan D. Francis, A. Smith","doi":"10.4172/2155-952X.1000237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-952X.1000237","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Ananas comosus, commonly known as pineapple, is a fruit that is endorsed by the Ministry of Agriculture to be economically important to the island. Tissue culture maybe used as an additional method of propagation to supplement traditional methods to increase productivity. This study was therefore designed to assess the effectiveness of utilising tissue culture techniques to produce pineapple plants and compare their productivity, nutritional profile and maturation period with those grown using traditional cultivation practices. Methods: Explants were collected from local farms in Jamaica. After the explants were successfully established in vitro through tissue culture technique, they were then acclimatized in a shadehouse for two weeks and subsequently transferred to the field. Both physical and chemical profiles of plants and fruits were evaluated during the course of the study. Results: The results show that the tissue cultured (TC) pineapples had similar physical and chemical properties when compared to the traditionally grown (TG) plants. The plants produced fruits at the same time. The heights were also the same at the time of fruiting. There was no significant difference in fruit weight when TC (1.60 ± 0.17) pineapples were compared to TG (1.60 ± 0.17); this is consistent with work done by other researchers. The nutrient profile of TC and TG pineapples were statistically similar (p>0.05). Conclusion: The results indicates that tissue cultured pineapples and those propagated traditionally have similar chemical and nutrient profiles, maturation period and physical properties. This therefore suggest that tissue culture may be a suitable alternative for production of planting materials as they can survive under similar growing conditions as those propagated by traditional methods. This may prove beneficial to the agro industry as availability of clean planting materials has shown to be a major factor impacting on the productivity of the crop and by extension revenue generated from exportation.","PeriodicalId":15156,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biotechnology & biomaterials","volume":"81 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80501252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacterial Modes of Action for Enhancing of Plant Growth","authors":"Premach, D. Ră, L. Hudek, L. Bräu","doi":"10.4172/2155-952X.1000236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-952X.1000236","url":null,"abstract":"The greatest issue affecting the sustainability of broad acre cropping both environmentally and economically is the requirement of fertilizers. These are based on mined phosphorous or other mineral ores, ammonia produced through the Harbour-Bosch process and industrially manufactured potash. As global demand for fertilizers increases, the costs associated with the production for each of these major nutrients increases. Biofertilizers such as plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) are a possible biotechnology that could alleviate the need for addition of increasing amounts of fertilizers. These bacteria naturally occur in soils and aggressively colonize around plant roots and have been shown to have plant growth promoting effects. PGPB are known to influence plant growth by various direct and indirect mechanisms; while some can affect plant physiology directly by mimicking synthesis of plant hormones, others increase mineral availability and nitrogen content in soil. Here we review the previously characterized modes of action for enhancement of plant growth by PGPB such as nitrogen fixation, nutrient solubilization and production of auxins and enzymes, as well as discussing more recent proposed modes of action such as secondary metabolites.","PeriodicalId":15156,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biotechnology & biomaterials","volume":"147 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84805961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Some Physiological Insights of 2,4-D Sensitivity in an Aquatic Fern: Azolla pinnata R.Br","authors":"A. De, N. Dey, M. K. Adak","doi":"10.4172/2155-952X.1000235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-952X.1000235","url":null,"abstract":"In an experiment with Azolla pinnata R.Br. under varying concentrations of herbicide (2,4-D), it reveals that the fern species has an wider ranges of physiological activities in moderation. Initially, the effects of the herbicide were reflected with minimum changes in dry matter accumulation in a dose dependent manner. The changes of membrane permeability had the maximum effects on 1000 μM of 2,4-D following the concentration gradient. However, the intermediate concentration of herbicide had not brought any significant changes in electrolytic conductivity. At initial concentration of herbicide treatments the electrolyte conductivity remains more stable. In support to osmotic stability plants recorded a significant change in water deficits that was experienced by proline accumulation in tissues. Thus, a steady increase in proline concentration was the feature of this species when interacts with 2,4-D. In another way the fern species had tolerated the loss of turgidity with significant accumulation of glycine-betaine with their maximum value at 1000 μM of 2,4-D. In further progress of effects of 2,4-D the plants were significantly characterised with an increase in ROS activities. Thus, ROS induced tissue lysis was detected by in vivo Evan's Blue staining of the root tissues with maximum intensity at 1000 μM of 2,4-D. The initial defence barrier of this species against ROS at cellular spaces was studied with in-gel analysis of enzyme like wallbound peroxidase. Plants registered a maximum peroxidase activities at influence of 2,4-D with 1000 μM. In addition to gene expression in Azolla a distinct polymorphism was observed as a function of 2,4-D treatments and that may be set as a bio indicator to herbicide interaction.","PeriodicalId":15156,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biotechnology & biomaterials","volume":"48 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91535631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biocompatibility of pegylated fibrinogen and its effect on healing of full-thickness skin defects: A preliminary study in rats","authors":"Venzin Cm, Jacot, A. Berdichevsky, Karol Aa, D. Seliktar, B. vonRechenberg, Nuss Kmr","doi":"10.4172/2155-952X.1000233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-952X.1000233","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: A synthetic polymer polyethylene glycol (PEG), was conjugated to fibrinogen as a threedimensional and biodegradable skin wound dressing matrix. This PEG-fibrinogen (PEG-fib) was tested in vivo in a skin wound time course study for its biocompatibility and biodegradation, after being delivered into the wound by injection and polymerized in situ by photo-activation. \u0000Materials and methods: The nature of the inflammatory response to the implanted material in acute, 8 mm diameter, full-thickness skin lesions in rats was histologically evaluated at 7 days (n=6) and 14 days (n=6). Six wounds per time point were left untreated as controls. \u0000Results: After 14 days, wounds of both groups were healed by up to 78% contraction and 22% epithelialization. Immune cells such as foreign body giant cells, macrophages, plasma cells and lymphocytes were seen in the PEGfib treated wounds at both time points, however in low numbers and similar to controls. The amount of immune cells dropped between day 7 and 14. Remnants of the gel were found at day 7 in two of the PEG-fib treated wounds, no PEG-fib were found after 14 days in any of the wounds. There was no difference in epithelialization between the two treatments at both time points. Discussion: The histological evaluation showed good biocompatibility of the PEG-fib, such that a foreign body reaction to the implant could be ruled out. The amount of immune cells was in accordance to a normal reaction to an implanted resorbable biomaterial. \u0000Conclusion: The PEG-fib hydrogel is fully biocompatible as a skin wound dressing. It provides initial moisture to the wound bed and is gradually resorbed and replaced by structured skin tissue. An attractive future perspective would be to prepopulate the PEG-fib hydrogel with cells (e.g. fibroblasts), or load it with growth factors or other soluble mediators to further promote healing of complicated skin wounds.","PeriodicalId":15156,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biotechnology & biomaterials","volume":"92 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80422431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation and Characterization of Acid Soluble Collagen from the Skin ofAfrican Catfish (Clarias gariepinus), Salmon (Salmo salar) and Baltic Cod (Gadus morhua)","authors":"R. Tylingo, Szymon Mania, A. Panek, RafaÅ PiÄtek, Roman PawÅowicz","doi":"10.4172/2155-952X.1000234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-952X.1000234","url":null,"abstract":"Acid-soluble collagen (ASC) from the fish skin of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus), Salmon (Salmo salar) and Baltic cod (Gadus morhua) was extracted and characterized. The ASC extraction yield was 75%, 73% and 68%, respectively. The denaturation and melting temperatures of African catfish ASC (29.3°C and 100.0°C) were significantly higher than ASC of Salmon and Baltic cod (20.6°C and 90.5°C; 15.2°C and 86.7°C, respectively), assessed by differential scanning calorimetry. The SDS-PAGE profile showed that each of tested ASC was the type I collagen and consisted of two different α chains, α1 and α2, as well as a β component. The FTIR spectra of all collagens indicate that the overall their chemical compositions are quite similar. The fish skin collagen is easy to prepare and represents a possible resource for use on industrial scale.","PeriodicalId":15156,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biotechnology & biomaterials","volume":"158 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86358920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Promises, Methodological Discrepancies and Pitfalls in Measurement of Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Diseases","authors":"A. Berezin, R. Mokhnach","doi":"10.4172/2155-952X.1000232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-952X.1000232","url":null,"abstract":"Cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are heterogeneous population of phospholipid-based endogenously produced particles. EVs are detected in several biological fluids and tissues as biomarkers of diseases and target of medicines. The conventional approach for measuring the MPs is based on commonly used flow cytometry, fluorescent methods, and nano-particle tracking analysis that recognized as a gold standard, as well as Western blot analysis, dynamic light scattering, resistive pulse sensing, mass spectrometry-based proteomic methods and electron microscopy. However the definition of MPs using these techniques is yet under discussion. The aim of the review: to summarize the knowledge regarding detection and measurement of the EVs and define the balance between advantages and limitations of each contemporary analytical methods of EV assay.","PeriodicalId":15156,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biotechnology & biomaterials","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81353024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomatrices in Urethral Reconstruction","authors":"Long Zhang, Yajun Xiao","doi":"10.4172/2155-952X.1000231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-952X.1000231","url":null,"abstract":"Urethral reconstruction is still a big challenge in urology. Traditionally, the penile skin or buccal mucosa was used as graft for replacement. However, the morbidity of the donor site was reported previously. Furthermore, there is a lack of an adequate autologous donor graft in many cases. The tissue engineered urethra may provide an alternative to the reconstruction. Herein, we reviewed the biomatrices for urethral substitution either in animal model or in clinical cases.","PeriodicalId":15156,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biotechnology & biomaterials","volume":"190 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87859505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Personalized Nanotheranotics for Cancer","authors":"M. Bivash","doi":"10.4172/2155-952X.1000E127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-952X.1000E127","url":null,"abstract":"According to a cancer statics report, more than 14 million new cancer cases and 8.2 million deaths were reported worldwide in 2012 [1]. Cancer remains a complex and difficult-to-treat disease with heterogeneity of tumor makes it more challenging for chemotherapeutic intervention. Heterogeneity of tumor includes differences among cancer patients of same type and within a same type of tumor. Traditional cancer treatment with “One treatment fits all” or “one dose fits all” philosophy provides lack of specificity to tumor, limited or no therapeutic effects, drug resistance, disease relapse, and severe adverse effects.","PeriodicalId":15156,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biotechnology & biomaterials","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82469389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implantable Magnetic-Dielectric Composites for Prolonged Hyperthermia Treatment of Hepatic Lesions","authors":"Somesh Mohapatra, K. Yadav, A. Srivastava","doi":"10.4172/2155-952X.1000230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-952X.1000230","url":null,"abstract":"The inefficiency and the low success rates of surgical resection and side effects of chemotherapy used in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma have elicited substantial research interest in alternative methods for treatment. Here we report the use of magnetic-dielectric composite of Chromium doped Iron Oxide (Cr0.2Fe1.8O3) – Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) for the hyperthermia treatment of hepatic lesions. The magnetic oxide was prepared by sol-gel processing route and the formed phase was characterized by X-Ray Diffraction. The composite was formed in Acetic Acid media where the magnetic oxide was embedded in the PVDF matrix. Surface morphology of the formed composite was studied using Scanning Electron Microscopy and biocompatibility was ensured by MTTAssay studies. In silico studies were carried out using Finite Element Method simulation to depict the conditions at which hyperthermia treatment may occur in the hepatic tissue.","PeriodicalId":15156,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biotechnology & biomaterials","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90217855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Globalization of Clinical Trials: Ethics and Conduct","authors":"A. Lodha","doi":"10.4172/2155-952X.1000229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-952X.1000229","url":null,"abstract":"The underlying motif of the article “Ethical and Scientific Implications of the Globalization of Clinical Research” is that the clinical trials conducted in developing countries are justified; and that the suggested changes for improvement in the ethical standards can safeguard the interests of people in those areas. However, through this response, I contend that the conduction of clinical trials by pharmaceutical companies from the developed world in underdeveloped nations is essentially unethical from a pragmatic ground-level view as well as in the realms of philosophical theory.","PeriodicalId":15156,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biotechnology & biomaterials","volume":"435 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83633162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}