促进植物生长的细菌作用方式

Premach, D. Ră, L. Hudek, L. Bräu
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引用次数: 32

摘要

在环境和经济上影响大面积种植可持续性的最大问题是肥料的需求。这些都是基于开采的磷或其他矿物矿石,通过海港-博世工艺生产的氨和工业生产的钾肥。随着全球对化肥需求的增加,与这些主要营养素的生产相关的成本也在增加。植物生长促进菌(PGPB)等生物肥料是一种可能的生物技术,可以减轻对添加越来越多的肥料的需求。这些细菌自然存在于土壤中,并在植物根部周围积极定植,并已被证明具有促进植物生长的作用。已知PGPB通过各种直接和间接机制影响植物生长;虽然有些可以通过模仿植物激素的合成直接影响植物生理,但其他可以增加土壤中矿物质的可利用性和氮含量。在此,我们回顾了先前研究的PGPB促进植物生长的作用模式,如固氮、营养物增溶、生长素和酶的产生,并讨论了最近提出的作用模式,如次生代谢产物。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Bacterial Modes of Action for Enhancing of Plant Growth
The greatest issue affecting the sustainability of broad acre cropping both environmentally and economically is the requirement of fertilizers. These are based on mined phosphorous or other mineral ores, ammonia produced through the Harbour-Bosch process and industrially manufactured potash. As global demand for fertilizers increases, the costs associated with the production for each of these major nutrients increases. Biofertilizers such as plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) are a possible biotechnology that could alleviate the need for addition of increasing amounts of fertilizers. These bacteria naturally occur in soils and aggressively colonize around plant roots and have been shown to have plant growth promoting effects. PGPB are known to influence plant growth by various direct and indirect mechanisms; while some can affect plant physiology directly by mimicking synthesis of plant hormones, others increase mineral availability and nitrogen content in soil. Here we review the previously characterized modes of action for enhancement of plant growth by PGPB such as nitrogen fixation, nutrient solubilization and production of auxins and enzymes, as well as discussing more recent proposed modes of action such as secondary metabolites.
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