Journal of biotechnology & biomaterials最新文献

{"title":"Diabetes Treatment by Nanotechnology","authors":"Ritika Gupta","doi":"10.4172/2155-952X.1000268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-952X.1000268","url":null,"abstract":"Nanotechnology is increasing importance in diabetics’ research in the recent decade. It is a field that involves nanomaterials, nanostructures, nanoparticle design and their applications in humans etc. It also provides more accurate information for diagnosing diabetes mellitus. Nanotechnology has enhanced drug delivery to those areas which were unfavorable for macromolecules. It is offering new implantable sensing technologies thus providing accurate medical information. The combination of nanotechnology and medicine has created a new field “nanomedicine” to enhance human health care. Some of the applications of nanotechnology in treating diabetes mellitus are artificial pancreas, instead of pancreas transplantation use of artificial beta cells, for oral delivery of insulin use of nanospheres as biodegradable polymeric carriers etc. In this study, applications of nanotechnology in treating diabetes mellitus are discussed.","PeriodicalId":15156,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biotechnology & biomaterials","volume":"16 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82736565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green Tea as Biological System for the Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles","authors":"W. F. Elbossaty","doi":"10.4172/2155-952X.1000269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-952X.1000269","url":null,"abstract":"Silver nanoparticles (Ag-NP) are being used increasingly in wound dressings, catheters and various household products due to their antimicrobial activity. Ag-NP synthesized by different methods, one of them biological method, in which extract from plant can used as reducing agent in synthesis of metal nanoparticles. Synthesis of Ag-NP in fresh green tea extract has been carried out in this work as an environment friendly approach. Ag-NP was obtained by the reduction of Ag+ ions through the action of green tea infusions. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) was used for the determination of the average diameter of the Ag-NP which were found of 20 nm in green tea infusion .The growth of nanoparticles is monitored by UV-VIS spectrophotometer and complemented with characterization using Transmission Electron Microscopy and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy.","PeriodicalId":15156,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biotechnology & biomaterials","volume":"100 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73618524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison between a novel combination of bioactive glass with clodronate and bioactive glass alone as a treatment for chronic periodontitis","authors":"Kirsi Rosenqvist, Merja Gursöy, E. Könönen, U. Gursoy, A. Juppo","doi":"10.4172/2155-952X.1000265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-952X.1000265","url":null,"abstract":"Bioactive glass (BAG) and clodronate are both used for bone regeneration. In this pilot clinical study, we compared the effect of BAG and a novel BAG+clodronate combination as a topical maintenance phase treatment for chronic periodontitis. Two dental residual pockets were treated in each subject (n=10): one with BAG alone and the other with combination product, by applying the products subgingivally for 10 min once a week for four weeks. We describe the effects of these investigational products to the clinical parameters of periodontitis and two bone metabolism markers (osteoprotegerin and osteocalcin). Additionally, subjective satisfaction for the treatment was evaluated. The results must be considered as directional, understanding that further investigation is needed to confirm the findings. Based on clinical parameters measured both treatments could benefit as maintenance therapy for chronic periodontitis. The positive effect of the combination product on tooth sensitivity may bring additional benefits in comparison to the use of BAG alone. Both treatments were well tolerated and safe.","PeriodicalId":15156,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biotechnology & biomaterials","volume":"1 1","pages":"265"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83067923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maximum α-Amylase Production by Molecular and Biochemical Characterized Soil Microorganism","authors":"Pushpendra Singh, R. Sharma, R. Singh","doi":"10.4172/2155-952X.1000266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-952X.1000266","url":null,"abstract":"The present investigation was undertaken with an aim to produce α-amylase in cost effective way keeping its market potential into consideration. This result obtained from present study prove that Bacillus licheniformis is the maximum α-amylase producing strain isolated from soil under suitable conditions. This study will very helpful for upcoming researchers to uncover the various aspect of enzyme production by microorganism. The present investigation was undertaken with an aim to produce higher amount of amylase with pure compounds in submerged fermentation. To screen the isolates for promising α-amylase producing capability and one of the most promising isolate is further scale up. Amylase constitutes a class of industrial enzymes having approximately 20% of the enzyme market. α-amylase has found its application in a range of industries including food, brewing, distilling industry, textile, paper pharmaceutical and bioconversion of solid waste etc. Microorganism used in present investigation, isolated from rhizospheric regions of giant newar variety of Raphanus sativus grown in district Jaunpur, (Uttar Pradesh) India. A total of 30 natural isolates were scanned for α-amylase activity out of which 20 isolates were biochemically characterized. Based on ribotyping all the isolates were identified and one of the most promising amylase producer, i.e., Bacillus licheniformis was finally selected for further studies. The experiments were carried out in triplicates and mean value was taken. Nutritional source such as carbon and nitrogen sources were optimized for the production of α-amylase in free cell condition. Maximum α-amylase production was observed at 24 h. of incubation. Three different types of media such as Semi-synthetic, complex media I and complex media II tested and various parameters were optimized for enhance the alpha-amylase yield. It was found that identified soil microorganism Bacillus licheniformis is the best strain for α-amylase production and complex media-I gave maximum yield.","PeriodicalId":15156,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biotechnology & biomaterials","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83460841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical Tribology and Antibacterial Activity of ZnO/Polystyrene Nanocomposite","authors":"L. Q. Al-Karam","doi":"10.4172/2155-952X.1000264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-952X.1000264","url":null,"abstract":"In this accomplishment, zinc oxide nanoparticles were make-believe by hail make advances reason zinc acetate as a precursor. The explicit display, morphology of pretended ZnO nanoparticles were pragmatic using burn the midnight oil X-ray diffraction (XRD), AFM (Atomic underline microscope) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and their optical properties characterized using UV-visible spectroscopy. XRD niggardly simple turn the intended ZnO duplicate is highly crystalline, having wurtzite crystal structure. AFM tight-fisted essential ramble the fitted ZnO sample is of high purity. UV-Vis absorption sweep showed a regular field for ZnO nanoparticles and exertion chasm explicit close to the typical energy gap of ZnO nanoparticles. The SEM get the hang shows range ZnO nanoparticles designed in this scrutinize are spherical in shape with a smooth rise. The surface rudeness inquiry need TR220 unambiguous acceptable results of prepared ZnO/ polystyrene samples.","PeriodicalId":15156,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biotechnology & biomaterials","volume":"11 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74674826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacillus subtilis Spore Surface Display System Protects Recombinant Proteins from Degradation-Verified Hypothesis","authors":"Tomasz AAAAga, Paulina Weiher, M. Paszkiewicz, D. Nidzworski","doi":"10.4172/2155-952X.1000263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-952X.1000263","url":null,"abstract":"Endospores of Bacillus subtilis have been used extensively as a platform for recombinant protein display for nearly two decades. Main use of the spore surface display system is generation of oral vaccines against many human and animal pathogens. Formulation of oral vaccine based on spores is an attractive approach to alternative vaccination due to the timesaving and relative easiness of production. Another advantage of such formulation is stability of presented antigens. It is assumed that the spore coat structure prevents degradation of displayed proteins by many destructive factors such as heat, proteases or stomach environment. However, there is little scientific background and substantial lack of experiments verifying this statement. In our work, we tested protective properties of spores against degradation of displayed antigens in harsh environment. We constructed B. subtilis strains producing spores presenting highly conserved long α-helix (LAH) region of the influenza A virus hemagglutinin. The constructs were obtained by fusion of LAH antigen to protein CotB or CotZ from the spore coat. We treated recombinant spores with destructive agents such as heat, protease, low pH and high-energy irradiation to test protective features of the spore coat. After treatment, spore coat extracts were analyzed by western blot to study fate of the displayed antigen. Results that we publish indicate that spore coat protects displayed antigen from degradation. This work is a strong support of hypothesis stating protective properties of spore surface display system against antigen degradation.","PeriodicalId":15156,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biotechnology & biomaterials","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90071322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mineral Nanoparticles in Waste: Potential Sources, Occurrence in Some Engineered Nanomaterials Leachates, Municipal Sewage Sludges and Municipal Landfill Sludges","authors":"P. Hennebert, Amandine Anderson, P. Merdy","doi":"10.4172/2155-952X.1000261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-952X.1000261","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental assessment of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) currently suffers from lack of data on production, emission, behaviour and fate in natural compartments. This paper aims to bring factual data on production amounts of ENPs and emission of mineral elements in a colloidal or nanoparticulate forms stemming from products, (e.g. cosmetics, paints, concretes) and from two potential waste sinks, namely municipal sewage sludge and nonhazardous waste landfill sludge. Based on the declaration of production and importation of ENPs in France in 2014, we set out a classification of ENPs substances comprising carbon black, organic pigments, miscellaneous organic substances and mineral ENPs. These mineral ENPs were sub-classified on the basis of production and CLP ecotoxicological and hazard classifications. Major elements (Group #1) encompass ENPs substances ubiquitous in total contents, and also as a colloid fraction in waste leachates (Si, Ca, Ti, Al, Mg, Fe, Mn, P). Minor elements were divided as ENPs with soluble substances and dissolved metal ions non-classified as ecotoxic (Group #2: Ba, Bi, Cr (III), Sr, Zr, La, Pd, Mo, W, Y, Au) or with soluble substances classified as ecotoxic and hazard statement code in the CLP regulation (Group #3: Ce, Cu, Zn, Ni, Sb, Ag, Co). Paints, concrete and particularly cosmetics proved to be sources of ENPs. Colloidal forms of elements or ENPs were found in leachate obtained from paint (Si), in cosmetics leachates (Al, Si, Ti and Zn), and in one demolition concrete (Ti). No nanoparticulate forms or fraction of Ag, Ce, Ti and Zn were identified by TEM/EDS in municipal sewage sludge. However, sewage sludge could be a sink for Group #3 elements such as Ag and Ce, since their total concentrations were significant. Based on landfill leachates from municipal solid wastes, the colloidal fraction frequently contained elements of Group #3 (Ni, Zn, Cu, Co and Sb) but with low mean concentration and more rarely Ag and Ce, indicating that the fluxes of these elements from the landfill cells should be low, except for Ce. Landfills seem to not emit ENPs in their leachates. From a regulative aspect, monitoring of Ag in sewage sludge for agricultural use could be of concern.","PeriodicalId":15156,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biotechnology & biomaterials","volume":"11 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76889870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review on The Bioconversion of Lignin to Microbial Lipid with Oleaginous Rhodococcus opacus","authors":"Kristina M. Mahan, Rosemary K. Le, Joshua S. Yuan, A. Ragauskas","doi":"10.4172/2155-952X.1000262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-952X.1000262","url":null,"abstract":"Rhodococcus opacus produces intracellular lipids from the biodegradation of lignocellulosic biomass. These lipids can be used to produce biofuels that could potentially replace petroleum-derived chemicals. Current studies are focusing on deconstructing lignin through efficient and cost-effective pretreatment methods and improving microbial lipid titers. R. opacus can reach high levels of oleaginicity (>80%) when grown on glucose and other aromatic model compounds but intracellular lipid production is much lower on complex recalcitrant lignin substrates. This review will discuss recent advances in studying R. opacus lignin degradation by exploring different pretreatment methods, increasing lignin solubility, enriching for low molecular weight lignin compounds and laccase supplementation.","PeriodicalId":15156,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biotechnology & biomaterials","volume":"2197 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86559164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of Yellow Pigments Produced by Pencillium sp. under Solid State Cultivation","authors":"Supreet Kaur, N. Arora, Sawinder Kaur","doi":"10.4172/2155-952X.1000259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-952X.1000259","url":null,"abstract":"Solid state fermentation was carried out for the production of pigments by using agricultural wastes. Yellow pigments were produced; the absorbance maxima of Pigment extract was measured by spectral analysis. Out of these agricultural wastes broken wheat (0.996 OD) was best for the pigment production. The maximum pigment yield (137.8 U/g) was seen at 12th day. The study revealed that the addition of nitrogen source improves the metabolic activity of the organism. Monosodium glutamate and ammonium nitrate improved the growth than other supplements. Various parameters were optimized to check the pigment stability. Pigments showed high stability at low temperatures (30-60°C) and become low at high temperature (above 60°C) and high stability at near-neutrality pH values (8.0) when compared to acidic pH values (4.0-6.0). FTIR analysis was performed to determine the chemical bonds in a molecule by infrared absorption spectra of Pigments. IR indicated that it is a phenolic compound and has broad stretching OH, C=C and C-H groups of the aromatic ring. It can be concluded that the microbial pigment produced can find application in the areas of textile, pharmaceuticals and food industries.","PeriodicalId":15156,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biotechnology & biomaterials","volume":"30 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89425072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Encapsulation of N-Nitroso-melatonin with Poly(lactide-co-glycolide)","authors":"M. Kirsch, H. Korth, J. Fandrey, K. Ferenz","doi":"10.4172/2155-952X.1000258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-952X.1000258","url":null,"abstract":"N-Nitrosomelatonin (NOMela) is well known for its capabilities to transnitrosate nucleophiles such as thiols and ascorbate thereby generating nitric oxide (NO)-releasing compounds. Like molsidomine, NOMela is one of the few NO-releasing substrates not inducing nitrate tolerance and may be therefore highly suitable as NO-therapeutical. As the physical and chemical properties of NOMela do not allow its direct application (oral or intravascular) in animals/ humans, the encapsulation with biodegradable poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) polymers was performed and NOreleasing kinetics were studied. NOMela could be successfully encapsulated in PLGA (NOMela-PLGA) with an efficiency of 85% thereby prolonging its half-life time in aqueous solution (e.g. in the cytoplasm of endothelial and smooth muscle cells) about 3-fold. In the presence of “activated hydroxy compounds“ like vitamin C and thus under physiological conditions, NOMela-PLGA yielded two therapeutically relevant hormones, melatonin and nitric oxide, via reactions only known (until now) for unencapsulated, freely diffusing NOMela. Importantly, in the absence of any activated hydroxy compound the unwanted hydrolysis reaction of NOMela dominated, generating the non-functional nitrite (and not nitric oxide). These findings suggested that PLGA-encapsulated NOMela will be highly attractive as a novel NO-releasing drug lacking common side-effects of classical NO-releasing molecules such as glyceroltrinitrate.","PeriodicalId":15156,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biotechnology & biomaterials","volume":"64 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89586498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}