Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Long-term metabolic regulation in the era of GLP-1 receptor agonists: An integrative review of Ayurvedic and biomedical perspectives","authors":"Trupti Naikare,&nbsp;Manisha Waghulkar (Talekar)","doi":"10.1016/j.jaim.2026.101406","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaim.2026.101406","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are chronic, relapsing, and multifactorial disorders arising from long-term dysregulation of metabolic, neuroendocrine, behavioral, and environmental systems. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists represent a major advance in contemporary metabolic pharmacotherapy. Among them, semaglutide has demonstrated robust efficacy in improving glycemic control, inducing clinically meaningful weight loss, and reducing cardiovascular and renal risk in high-risk populations through well-established molecular and physiological mechanisms.</div><div>Despite these benefits, challenges related to long-term metabolic sustainability persist, including weight regain after discontinuation, loss of lean mass defined as the reduction in skeletal muscle and non-adipose body tissue and the need for prolonged or lifelong therapy. These observations highlight the adaptive nature of human energy homeostasis and underscore the importance of approaches that support durable metabolic regulation beyond appetite suppression alone.</div><div>This discussion uses semaglutide as a case example to explore how integrative frameworks, particularly Ayurveda, may complement pharmacotherapy by offering systems-level perspectives on digestion, regulation, tissue integrity, and behavioral rhythms. Ayurvedic concepts are employed as interpretive analogues rather than mechanistic explanations, with the aim of contextualizing why short-term metabolic improvements may not always translate into long-term resilience.</div><div>Rather than positioning traditional knowledge systems in opposition to evidence-based medicine, this paper argues for a complementary model in which pharmacotherapy stabilizes acute metabolic risk while integrative lifestyle-oriented strategies support sustained metabolic health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine","volume":"17 5","pages":"Article 101406"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149182063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The THAW protocol: A zero-cost traditional biomechanical adjunct to enhance clinical Nasya practices","authors":"Ram Rahim GSI MSG,&nbsp;Puneet Maheshwari","doi":"10.1016/j.jaim.2026.101398","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaim.2026.101398","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine","volume":"17 5","pages":"Article 101398"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149182208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ageing in Unani medicine: Conceptual framework and modulatory approaches","authors":"Asba Sameen,&nbsp;Sadique Ali,&nbsp;Faiqa Rather,&nbsp;Ishrat Rasool,&nbsp;Hera Nayab","doi":"10.1016/j.jaim.2026.101364","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaim.2026.101364","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In Unani medicine, the sustenance of life and the ageing process are largely attributed to the gradual depletion of <em>Ruṭūbat Gharīziyya</em> (innate moisture), which weakens <em>Ḥarārat Gharīziyya</em> (innate heat), impairs <em>Quwā</em> (all faculties) of the body, and shifts <em>Mizāj</em> (temperament) towards coldness and dryness. These changes lead to impaired digestion, defective <em>Akhlāṭ</em> (humour) formation, increased <em>Taḥallul</em> (wear and tear), and accelerated senescence.</div><div>This literature review examines how the balance of these principles, together with <em>A</em><em>a</em><em>b Sitta Ḍar</em><em>u</em><em>riyya</em> (six essential factors), influences vitality and healthy ageing. It employs a qualitative review of classical Unani texts alongside modern biomedical literature, integrating traditional metabolic concepts with contemporary perspectives on oxidative balance and degeneration.</div><div>The findings indicate that Unani medicine advocates a comprehensive, holistic approach, encompassing regimental therapies, dietary modifications, and pharmacological interventions with antioxidant properties, to maintain internal homeostasis and promote healthy ageing and health span. However, the evidence remains largely theoretical, underscoring the need for rigorous mechanistic and clinical studies to facilitate integration into modern geriatric care.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine","volume":"17 5","pages":"Article 101364"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148813162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improvised cardiac function of siddha formulation Sikkanjar elixir® through CAMK2 and VEGF mechanism-in experimentally induced cardiac hypertrophy model in rats","authors":"S. Joseph Maria Adaikalam,&nbsp;J. Tejasri,&nbsp;R. Arunagiri,&nbsp;B. Naveen Kumar,&nbsp;M. Ramanathan","doi":"10.1016/j.jaim.2026.101402","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaim.2026.101402","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Sikkanjar elixir<strong>®</strong> (SE) contains 29 herbs, honey and fermented rice water. It is a modified and fortified form of <em>Sikkanjar Manappagu</em> (<em>Manappagu</em> means syrup), a Siddha traditional medicine. SE has its reference to treat vascular block, high cholesterol, varicose vein, hypertension; improved cardiac efficiency and blood circulation. However, the validation of Siddha claim of SE has not been carried out in experimentally conditions.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The present study designed to validate the scientific claim of SE and investigate the cardio-protective prospective of SE, in a rat model of cardiac hypertrophy (CH).</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>CH was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats via ligation of the descending abdominal aorta. The cardio-protective effects of SE were evaluated through behavioral assessments, biochemical parameters, antioxidant profiling, liver and kidney function tests, ATP, troponin I levels measurement. The cardiac hypertrophy markers like CAMK2, VEGF, and SIRT3 expression were measured through qRTPCR.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>HPTLC evaluation of SE denotes 1.221 mg RUE/g and 4.604 mg GAE/g, of total flavonoid and phenolics content respectively. CH induction led to elevated heart rate, troponin I, and liver/kidney function markers, along with decreased plasma glucose, cholesterol, tissue ATP, catalase, glutathione, and VEGF levels. SE treatment significantly reversed these changes, as evidenced by reduced heart rate, normalization of biochemical markers, and improved antioxidant status. Notably, SE treatment suppressed CAMK2 expression and upregulated VEGF, suggesting enhanced myocardial contractility. Histopathological analysis further supported these findings, showing reduced myocyte fibre thickness and septal volume.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>SE reversed the CH induced pathology through restoration of cardiac pumping efficiency (ejection fraction) via CAMK2 and VEGF mechanism. Normalization of cardiac output might contribute to the recovery of kidney, metabolic functions and promotion of anti-oxidant effect. These observations can also be extrapolated in CCF or MI conditions in clinical situations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine","volume":"17 5","pages":"Article 101402"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149165934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integration of surgical and Ayurvedic interventions in the treatment of Fournier's Gangrene: A Case Report","authors":"Dixit Donga,&nbsp;Hemant Toshikhane,&nbsp;Vikram Singh,&nbsp;Aswin Haridas","doi":"10.1016/j.jaim.2026.101416","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaim.2026.101416","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fournier's gangrene is a rare, life-threatening form of necrotizing fasciitis affecting the perineum and genital region. In Ayurveda, it correlates with <em>Kotharoga</em>, as both share symptoms such as severe tissue necrosis, pus discharge, and a foul odor. This case report discusses a 50-year-old male who presented with fever, severe scrotal pain, blackish discoloration, and purulent discharge two days after undergoing incision and drainage (I&amp;D) of a perianal abscess. The case was diagnosed based on clinical examination and imaging studies. Broad-spectrum antibiotics, along with herbo-mineral medicines and <em>Rasa Aushadhi</em>, were administered immediately. Urgent and extensive surgical debridement was performed to remove necrotic and infected tissue. Advanced wound management included collagen granule application and split-thickness skin grafting. The signs of systemic toxicity subsided within 48 hours. By day 7, purulence and odor had markedly decreased, and healthy granulation covered more than 70% of the wound bed. Collagen application accelerated healthy granulation, and skin graft take exceeded 90% within three weeks, restoring scrotal integrity without complications. Early recognition, aggressive surgical intervention, and multidisciplinary care are crucial for improving prognosis. This case highlights the importance of innovative wound care techniques in optimizing integrative treatment strategies for Fournier's gangrene.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine","volume":"17 5","pages":"Article 101416"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149169408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of Grade II osteoarthritis (Azhal kilvayu) utilizing Siddha internal and external treatment modalities (Varmam and Thokkanam): A case report","authors":"Nikil Niva John Raja,&nbsp;Susila Rathinam,&nbsp;Hema Nandhini Devi Veluchamy,&nbsp;Sridevi Lakshmikanthan","doi":"10.1016/j.jaim.2026.101405","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaim.2026.101405","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A 59-year-old female patient visited the clinic with complaints of pain in both knee joints, along with mild swelling that had persisted for three months. Radiographic examination revealed Grade II knee osteoarthritis (OA). Her treatment plan included Siddha therapeutic purgation (Agathiyar <em>kulambu</em>), Siddha internal medications (<em>Parangipattai maathirai, Sangu Parpam maathirai</em>), and Siddha external therapies (<em>Varmam</em> and <em>Thokkanam</em>). <em>Vata Kesari tailam</em> was specifically selected for <em>Thokkanam</em> therapy. Remarkably, the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome score significantly improved from 19 before treatment to 85 by day 60. The visual analogue scale score also revealed a substantial reduction in pain throughout the treatment period, dropping from eight to two points after the intervention. This notable improvement reflects not only a decrease in pain but also a significant increase in the patient's overall quality of life. Specific metrics indicate considerable progress in critical areas, including activities of daily living (ADL) and participation in sports and recreational activities. The findings of this case report elucidate a noteworthy therapeutic approach for managing osteoarthritis (<em>Azhal kilvayu</em>). The case illustrates a comprehensive approach that combines conventional diagnostic assessments with Siddha therapeutic interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine","volume":"17 5","pages":"Article 101405"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149170106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of post-operative delayed proximal tibia and fibula fracture with Ayurvedic medicines and Panchakarma: A case report","authors":"Ranjit G. Nimbalkar,&nbsp;Pratik J. Parekar,&nbsp;Anil T. Pawar,&nbsp;Amol A. Tagalpallewar,&nbsp;Akshay M. Baheti,&nbsp;Manasi R. Nimbalkar","doi":"10.1016/j.jaim.2026.101390","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaim.2026.101390","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Some of the fractures, associated with road traffic accidents (RTAs), pose significant challenges in recovery and quality of life. In this case study, we document the treatment of a 42-year-old male patient with tibia and fibula fractures, sustained during an RTA. Initially managed through open reduction and external fixation, the patient's recovery stagnated for about 3 months, prompting the integration of Ayurvedic therapies, including herbal formulations and Panchakarma. After starting Ayurvedic treatments, including oral <em>Lakshadi Guggul</em>, <em>Mashadi Yoga</em>, <em>Asthi-Majja Yoga</em>, and Panchakarma procedures, significant improvements in fracture healing were observed in the X-rays. The treatments enhanced callus formation and eventual full recovery, demonstrating the potential benefits of Ayurvedic therapies in accelerating fracture healing. This case highlights the efficacy of combining modern surgical techniques with traditional Ayurvedic practices in managing complex fractures, achieving successful outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine","volume":"17 5","pages":"Article 101390"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149182070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Siddha Varmathadaval therapy in the management of stress-related insomnia: A case report","authors":"Kanishka Sakthivel,&nbsp;Mary Princess Sulekha Stephen Rajaiah","doi":"10.1016/j.jaim.2026.101367","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaim.2026.101367","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Insomnia affects 10-30% of adults globally, with limited non-pharmacological options. This single-case report documents Siddha <em>Varmathadaval</em> therapy for stress-related insomnia. A 55-year-old woman presented with four-month history of insomnia (difficulty initiating/maintaining sleep) and daytime fatigue. <em>Thookaminmai</em> (insomnia) of <em>Vatha</em>-<em>Pitham</em> origin per Siddha principles was diagnosed. Baseline assessments showed severe insomnia (Insomnia Severity Index [ISI] = 21/28, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index [PSQI] = 15/21, Athens Insomnia Scale [AIS] = 13/24, Perceived Stress Scale-10 [PSS-10] = 31/40). The patient underwent twenty-one consecutive daily <em>Varmathadaval</em> therapy sessions using <em>Sukku Thailam</em> (90-120 minutes each), administered by a trained Siddha physician. Post-therapy improvements included ISI = 8/28 (62% reduction), PSQI = 6/21 (60% reduction), AIS = 4/24 (69% reduction), and PSS-10 = 12/40 (61% reduction). Traditional Siddha parameters (<em>Manikadai Nool</em>, <em>Neikuri</em>) demonstrated progressive improvement correlating with clinical outcome. Sleep latency decreased (45 → 15 minutes) and total sleep time increased (4-5→6-7 hours). Benefits were sustained at 4-week (ISI = 9) and 12-week (ISI = 11) post-treatment follow-up, with mild stress-related variation. <em>Varmathadaval</em> therapy produced clinically significant, sustained improvements in stress-related insomnia. The therapy was safe and well-tolerated. Controlled trials with prospective stress assessment are warranted.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine","volume":"17 5","pages":"Article 101367"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149182090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variation in and relation between morphological, physicochemical and Ayurvedic characteristics for the standards of Terminalia chebula Retz. (Haritaki) from different geographical regions","authors":"Pramod D. Khobragade,&nbsp;Shiramji G. Jyotishi,&nbsp;Pandya Tarulata","doi":"10.1016/j.jaim.2024.100981","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaim.2024.100981","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Variation is the common phenomena in natural specimens; but is within certain limit and may show some association between various characteristics. The present study forms the basis of standardization for such natural specimens. <em>Terminalia chebula</em> Retz. (<em>Haritaki</em>), one of the most useful <em>Ayurvedic</em> drugs has been worked out for the same aspect.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To obtain the range of variations and relation between different characteristics of <em>T</em>. <em>chebula</em> fruit collected from different geographical regions of India; to compare Ayurvedic parameters as mentioned for standards with physicochemical and morphological characteristics of <em>T</em>. <em>chebula</em> fruit; and to develop standards for <em>T</em>. <em>chebula</em> fruit accordingly.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>Ten samples were obtained by coning and quarting technique from about 3000 fruits obtained from ten different geographical regions, pan India; including one sample of <em>T. pallida</em> for determining variations and relation between usual parameters used for standards; along with assay of chemical group “total phenolic” calorimetrically; instead of any single active principle alone. <em>Ayurvedic</em> parameters as ‘<em>Nimmjate’</em> (sinking in water) has also been obtained. Interrelation and correlation between morphological, physicochemical and <em>Ayurvedic</em> parameters were studied.</div></div><div><h3>Result</h3><div>Large variations, which are far from existing texts were found. Quality of the fruits as mentioned in <em>Ayurvedic</em> texts for the drug is not available.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div><em>Ayurvedic</em> parameters can be applicable only if the drug is self-collected to avoid any malpractice. The standard of the drugs as obtained here are far from that are reported in various recent texts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine","volume":"17 5","pages":"Article 100981"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148880615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathophysiological modulations by Trimad, a polyherbal formulation, in a rat model of high-fat diet-induced obesity","authors":"Asavari Anirudha Joshi,&nbsp;Megha Pradip Salunke,&nbsp;Suresh Purushottam Khadke,&nbsp;Arulmozhi Sathiyanarayanan,&nbsp;Supriya Sudhakar Bhalerao","doi":"10.1016/j.jaim.2026.101400","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaim.2026.101400","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Obesity is the most prevalent metabolic disorder globally, characterized by oxidative stress and inflammation that play a key role in its pathogenesis. Current anti-obesity drugs have adverse effects and fail to address oxidative stress and inflammation. Therefore, there is a growing need for safe and effective therapies. Ayurveda recommends Trimad for obesity management. Trimad is a polyherbal formulation consisting of <em>Cyperus rotundus</em> tubers (<em>Musta</em>), <em>Embelia ribes</em> fruits (<em>Vidang</em>), and <em>Plumbago zeylanica</em> roots (<em>Chitraka</em>) in an equal 1:1:1 ratio.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study evaluated the effect of Trimad on ameliorating pathophysiological changes in a rat model of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>Male wistar rats were divided into six groups (n = 6; IAEC approval no. BVDUMC/3293/2016/007/002). Group 1 served as the Normal control (normal chow diet), Group 2 as Disease control (HFD), Group 3 as Positive control (HFD + Atorvastatin, 1.2 mg/kg), and Groups 4–6 received HFD with Trimad extract at 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg, respectively for 48 days with treatment starting from day 24. Body weight, feed intake, biochemical parameters, oxidative stress markers, inflammatory cytokines, adipokines, adipocyte morphology, brain monoamines and hepatic lipid-metabolizing gene expression were evaluated.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>HFD caused lipid abnormalities, inflammation, oxidative stress, hepatic steatosis, and weight gain. Trimad significantly reduced weight gain, improved lipid metabolism by modulating hepatic lipid-metabolizing genes, and normalized biochemical parameters, oxidative stress, inflammatory markers, adipokines, and adipocyte hypertrophy. There was normalization of brain monoamines in Trimad treated groups.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Trimad effectively ameliorated HFD-induced obesity and demonstrated strong anti-obesity potential.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine","volume":"17 5","pages":"Article 101400"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148995750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}