Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation最新文献

{"title":"A multicenter, open-label, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial of Tongluo-Qutong rubber plaster for the treatment of cervical spondylotic radiculopathy.","authors":"Xing-Wen Xie, Chun-Xiao Wang, Yong-Li Zhao, Yong-Sheng Luo, Zhong-Hua Wang, Jing Liu, Hui Li, Ding-Peng Li","doi":"10.3233/BMR-230431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/BMR-230431","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In China, Tongluo-Qutong rubber plaster (TQRP) is commonly used for cervical spondylotic radiculopathy, but lacks high-quality trials.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to conduct a multicenter, open-label, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial in China to investigate the practical efficacy and safety of TQRP in the treatment of CSR.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 240 patients diagnosed with CSR were recruited for the investigation from multiple hospitals in Gansu province, China. The patients were randomly assigned to either an experimental or a control group. The experimental group received treatment with TQRP, whereas the control group was administered a diclofenac sodium patch (DSP) for a maximum duration of 21 days. The visual analogue scale (VAS) score for pain, the proportion of patients experiencing 50% or more pain relief, the neck disability index (NDI), changes as per the Eaton trial, and recurrence during the follow-up period were evaluated for both groups. The safety and adverse events associated with the concurrent drug therapy were also evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At each time point, the mean VAS and NDI scores of both groups demonstrated a downward trend. The experimental group exhibited a greater decline in VAS score at each time point compared to the control group (P< 0.01). In the Eaton trial, both the percentage of patients experiencing pain relief of 50% or more and the number of abnormal results exhibited improvement. However, the outcomes in the 21 ± 3d experimental group were significantly superior to those in the control group (P< 0.01). During the follow-up period, the recurrence events in the experimental group were reduced compared to the control group. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P< 0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions was 1.74% for TQRP and 3.54% for DSP.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>TQRP is effective and safe in the treatment of CSR.</p>","PeriodicalId":15129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141874946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scapula position test reliability and comparisons of scapula position and shoulder function among individuals with and without adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.","authors":"Tae-Gyu Kim, Young-Hoon Kim, Rui Ma, Soo-Yong Kim","doi":"10.3233/BMR-230357","DOIUrl":"10.3233/BMR-230357","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>An evaluation of scapula position is important to predict spine curvature and shoulder function in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Therefore, a reliable scapula position is required to assess posture in patients with AIS.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study investigated the reliabilities of scapula position tests and differences in scapula position and shoulder function between individuals with and without AIS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study compared 18 patients with AIS and 18 healthy controls to identify differences in scapula position and shoulder function. The acromion-table distance, lateral displacement of the scapula, acromion depression, winged scapula, upward rotation of the scapula, and anterior tilt of the scapula were measured. Scapula position test reliabilities were assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), standard error of measurement (SEM), and minimum clinically important difference (MCID). Shoulder function was measured using the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The reliabilities of scapula position tests (ICC 0.85-0.93, SEM 0.1-1.2, and MCID 0.2-2.5) were good. There were significant differences in scapula position and shoulder function between patients with AIS and healthy controls (p< 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Scapula position tests were highly reliable in patients with AIS; they can be used to evaluate scapula position during clinical assessment of posture in patients with AIS.</p>","PeriodicalId":15129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141874948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk factors of post discharge falls in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty: An integrative review.","authors":"Samreen Sadiq, Rabiya Noor, Rizwan Akram","doi":"10.3233/BMR-230165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/BMR-230165","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a widely performed surgical procedure aimed at alleviating pain and restoring functionality in individuals suffering from knee osteoarthritis. Despite substantial benefits of TKA, patients are exposed to potential risks, including the occurrence of falls during their recovery period following discharge from the hospital.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This integrative review endeavors to comprehensively investigate the existing body of literature to identify and assess the diverse factors that contribute to occurrence of post-discharge falls among TKA patients. Through the synthesis of available research, this study seeks to offer valuable insights that can guide clinical practices and interventions designed to mitigate the incidence of post-TKA falls, ultimately enhancing patient outcomes and quality of healthcare.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An integrative review was conducted and databases were searched including Pubmed, PEDro, Cochrane, and SPORTDiscus from 2000 to 2024. A thorough search was performed to retrieve articles missed through databases as well as unpublished grey literature. Methodological quality assessment was performed using Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for Case Control and Cohort studies and AXIS tool for cross-sectional study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eleven articles finally met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review based on eligibility. There were 8 cohort studies (7 prospective cohorts, 1 retrospective cohort), 2 case control studies, and 1 cross-sectional study. The prospective cohort studies included in the review collected data in real-time as events occurred, making them particularly relevant for studying post-TKA falls.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Patients who underwent TKA are at risk of post-discharge falls. Several key risk factors have been identified, including advancing age, female gender, reduced proprioception, psychiatric disorders, living alone, and knee pain in the operated knee. It is important to recognize that the significance of these risk factors can vary depending on individual circumstances and contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":15129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141731146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of McKenzie exercises plus stabilization exercises versus McKenzie exercises alone on disability, pain, and range of motion in patients with nonspecific chronic neck pain: A randomized clinical trial.","authors":"Doaa I Amin, Ghada I Mohamed, Mohamed M ElMeligie","doi":"10.3233/BMR-230352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/BMR-230352","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chronic nonspecific neck pain is a common disorder that causes disability and reduced quality of life. Effective conservative treatment options are needed to manage this condition.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This randomized trial compared the efficacy of McKenzie exercises alone versus McKenzie plus cervical and scapulothoracic stabilization training for patients with chronic nonspecific neck pain.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A randomized controlled trial was conducted in an outpatient physical therapy clinic. 76 patients with chronic (> 3 months) neck pain were randomized to 6 weeks of either McKenzie exercises alone (n= 38) or McKenzie plus stabilization exercise (n= 38). The McKenzie protocol included posture correction, range of motion exercises, and lateral neck stretches. The stabilization program added targeted exercises for the neck and scapula.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The combination of McKenzie plus stabilization exercises resulted in significantly greater reduction in current neck pain intensity compared to McKenzie alone at 6 weeks (mean difference: -1.2 points on 0-10 scale, 95% CI -1.8 to -0.6; p< 0.001). Neck disability improved in both groups. Cervical range of motion also improved more with the addition of stabilization, except for extension.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Adding specific cervical and scapulothoracic stabilization exercises to a standard McKenzie protocol led to clinically meaningful reductions in neck pain compared to McKenzie therapy alone in patients with chronic nonspecific neck pain. This combined approach can improve outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":15129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141731144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identical movement control exercises with and without synchronized breathing for chronic non-specific low back pain:A randomized pilot trial.","authors":"Jani Mikkonen, Hannu Luomajoki, Olavi Airaksinen, Liesbet Goubert, Steven Pratscher, Ville Leinonen","doi":"10.3233/BMR-230413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/BMR-230413","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Exercise is a first-line treatment for chronic non-specific low back pain (CNSLBP). Exercise combined with specific breathing techniques have the potential to improve multifactorial outcomes. No previous studies, however, have compared outcomes between identical exercises with or without a specific breathing protocol in a uniform clinical study setting.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>1) To investigate the feasibility of combining synchronized breathing with movement control exercises and evaluate eligibility criteria, randomization procedures, and dropout rates. 2) To study the preliminary efficacy of the interventions on multifactorial outcome measures.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty subjects with CNSLBP were randomized into two groups. Both groups had four contact clinic visits where they received personalized home movement control exercises to practice over two months. The experimental group included a movement control exercise intervention combined with synchronized breathing techniques. Trial registration number: NCT05268822.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Feasibility was demonstrated by meeting the recruitment goal of 30 subjects within the pre-specified timeframe with enrolment rate of 24.8% (30/121). Synchronized breathing techniques were successfully adhered by participants. Home exercise adherence was nearly identical between the groups without any adverse events. Preliminary efficacy findings on pain intensity, disability, and self-efficacy in the experimental group exceeded the minimal clinically important difference. No such findings were observed in any outcome measures within the control group. Overall, multifactorial differences were consistent because nine out of eleven outcome measures showed greater improvements for the experimental group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The synchronized breathing with movement control exercises protocol was feasible and may be more beneficial for improving multifactorial outcomes compared to identical exercises alone. Results suggested progression to a full-scale trial.</p>","PeriodicalId":15129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141731145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of machine learning models for efficient low back pain prediction using demographic and lifestyle factors.","authors":"Jun-Hee Kim","doi":"10.3233/BMR-240059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/BMR-240059","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Low back pain (LBP) is one of the most frequently occurring musculoskeletal disorders, and factors such as lifestyle as well as individual characteristics are associated with LBP.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The purpose of this study was to develop and compare efficient low back pain prediction models using easily obtainable demographic and lifestyle factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from adult men and women aged 50 years or older collected from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) were used. The dataset included 22 predictor variables, including demographic, physical activity, occupational, and lifestyle factors. Four machine learning algorithms, including XGBoost, LGBM, CatBoost, and RandomForest, were used to develop predictive models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All models achieved an accuracy greater than 0.8, with the LGBM model outperforming the others with an accuracy of 0.830. The CatBoost model had the highest sensitivity (0.804), while the LGBM model showed the highest specificity (0.884) and F1-Score (0.821). Feature importance analysis revealed that EQ-5D was the most critical variable across all models.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this study, an efficient LBP prediction model was developed using easily accessible variables. Using this model, it may be helpful to identify the risk of LBP in advance or establish prevention strategies in subjects who have difficulty accessing medical facilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":15129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141731143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of rehabilitation physiotherapy combined with brace correction in patients with mild to moderate scoliosis secondary to cerebral palsy.","authors":"Zhen Yang, Qiping Liu, Yongyan Bi, Yongping He, Miaomiao Wang, Qiang Gao, Lian Xiang, Xiaoliu Li","doi":"10.3233/BMR-230336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/BMR-230336","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Scoliosis secondary to cerebral palsy is one of the common complications of cerebral palsy in children with cerebral palsy.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to explore the efficacy of rehabilitation combined with brace correction in patients with scoliosis secondary to cerebral palsy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 52 patients with scoliosis secondary to cerebral palsy were selected from our hospital from April 2019 to April 2022 and divided into the control group and experimental group according to the statistical randomization method (n= 26 in each group). Control group: mean age (14.28 ± 2.31) years; 16 males and 10 females. Experimental group: average age (14.24 ± 2.35) years; 15 males and 11 females. The control group wore scoliosis orthopedic brace, while the experimental group was treated with rehabilitation manipulation and rehabilitation training (including gymnastic training and weight training) on the basis of the control group for 1 year. The clinical efficacy of the two groups was compared and observed; the number of degrees of scoliosis (Cobb angle), the angle of vertebral rotation (AVR) and the distance of the parietal vertebrae from the sacral midline (AVT) were compared before and after treatment; the incidence of adverse events during treatment was observed in the two groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After treatment, both groups showed significant improvement in the overall effectiveness of treatment, Cobb's angle, AVR and AVT compared with those before treatment (P< 0.05). The experimental group had a significantly higher overall effective rate of treatment than the control group (P< 0.05), a significantly smaller Cobb's angle and AVR than the control group (P< 0.05) and a significantly shorter AVT than the control group (P< 0.05). The incidence of adverse events during treatment was lower in both groups and was not significantly different (P> 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The combination of rehabilitation physiotherapy and bracing is effective in optimizing the clinical outcome of patients with scoliosis secondary to cerebral palsy, improving their scoliosis dysfunction and providing a high level of safety in treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":15129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142287971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association of back pain with physical inactivity and hypothyroidism in pregnant women.","authors":"Chencui Shi, Qiangdong Zou, Hong Wei","doi":"10.3233/BMR-240086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/BMR-240086","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>During pregnancy, structural and functional changes usually occur in the body, which has various consequences, including lower back pain (LBP) and hypothyroidism. One of the risk factors for these problems is physical inactivity.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the association of back pain and physical inactivity, weight gain, and hypothyroidism in pregnant women.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this cohort study, 420 pregnant women (26.333 ± 5.820 years old) were included. At first, participants answered this question: \"Do you have any plans for pregnancy in the next month?\" If the answer was yes, further evaluations were performed. The physical activity and pain intensity were measured by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-S) and Visual Analogue Scale. Serum TSH was measured by automated chemiluminescence and commercial kits. Measurements were conducted before, the first, second, and third trimester of pregnancy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Women reporting LBP were less engaged in physical activities and weight gained in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy was significantly higher than pregnant women without LBP (p< 0.05). TSH level and weight gained in pregnant women with low physical activity level was significantly higher than pregnant women with moderate and high physical activity (p< 0.05) (without significant difference in TSH and BMI). The physical inactivity (before: OR: 1.11 95% CI: 0.89 to 1.22; first trimester: OR: 1.09 95% CI: 1.02 to 1.59; second trimester: OR: 0.92 95% CI: 0.87 to 1.31; third trimester: OR: 1.12 95% CI: 1.02 to 1.39), TSH (OR: 0.85 95% CI: 0.57 to 1.29), and weight gain (second trimester: OR: 0.87 95% CI: 0.92 to 1.59; third trimester: OR: 1.44 95% CI: 1.02 to 1.98; p< 0.05) did predict increased pain intensity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Using health-oriented approaches to increase physical activity and normalize thyroid function and weight gain during pregnancy can have beneficial effects on LBP.</p>","PeriodicalId":15129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141537940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occupational low back pain among Japanese caregivers: A large-scale cross-sectional study.","authors":"Teppei Abiko, Shin Murata, Hayato Shigetoh, Michie Ohyama, Eiji Sakata","doi":"10.3233/BMR-230319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/BMR-230319","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Caregivers in Japan experience a high prevalence of low back pain (LBP), with age, sex, individual pain experiences, and central sensitization symptoms potentially influencing its chronic progression.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the prevalence of LBP among caregivers, as well as its relation to age and sex, and explore work status, psychological factors, and central sensitization symptoms as contributing factors to chronic LBP (CLBP).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A large-scale cross-sectional survey was conducted among 1214 caregivers in 35 geriatric healthcare facilities. The survey assessed LBP and CLBP prevalence, work status, psychological factors, and central sensitization-related symptoms. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors influencing CLBP.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 936 valid respondents, the LBP prevalence was 69.2%. No significant sex differences were found in the prevalence of LBP and CLBP. Old age, higher pain severity, and severe symptoms related to central sensitization increased the risk of CLBP. However, work status and psychological factors did not significantly contribute to CLBP.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There is a high prevalence of LBP among caregivers, age and individual pain experience significantly impact CLBP. These findings emphasize the need for therapeutic strategies to manage pain intensity, especially in the acute phase, to prevent the progression to chronicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":15129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141537939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of muscle activation during kinetic chain based exercises in individuals with and without forward head posture.","authors":"Gamze Cobanoglu, Nevin A Guzel, Zeynep Berfu Ecemis, M Yusuf Demirkan","doi":"10.3233/BMR-230397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/BMR-230397","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Band Pull-Apart (BPA) exercise is used to strengthen the periscapular muscles. It was recently stated that the lower extremity and trunk movements should be included in the shoulder rehabilitation programs to optimize an effective energy transfer throughout the kinetic chain.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of kinetic chain based BPA exercise on the muscle activations of the sternocleidomasteideous (SCM) and the trapezius muscles in individuals with and without forward head posture (FHP).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eighteen individuals with FHP and 18 individuals without FHP were included. Photographic measurements were made to identify individuals with FHP. The muscle activations of SCM, Upper Trapezius (UT), Middle Trapezius (MT), and Lower Trapezius (LT) were measured with surface EMG. BPA exercise was performed in the standing, unipedal standing, squat, unipedal squat, and Bulgarian split squat (BSS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was no Group × Exercise interaction for the SCM, UT, MT, LT muscle activations, or for the UT/MT and UT/LT ratios (p> 0.05). While there was a difference in the activation of all muscles between individuals with and without FHP (p< 0.05), both ratios were similar (p> 0.05). There was a statistically significant difference between exercises for SCM, MT, and LT muscle activations (p< 0.000 for these muscles), UT/MT (p< 0.000) and UT/LT ratios (p= 0.004). SCM muscle activation in squat was lower than activation in standing (Mean Difference (MD) = 2.5% Maximal Voluntary Isometric Contractions (MVIC); p= 0.004) and in unipedal standing (MD = 2.1% MVIC; p= 0.002). MT muscle activation in squat was higher than activation in standing (MD = 9.7% MVIC), unipedal standing (MD = 7.8% MVIC), unipedal squat (MD = 6.9% MVIC) and BSS (MD = 9.4% MVIC; p< 0.000 for these positions). LT muscle activation in the squat was higher than activation in the standing (MD = 8.5% MVIC) and unipedal squat (MD = 8.1% MVIC; p< 0.004 for these positions). UT/MT ratio in the squat was lower than standing (MD = 0.3), unipedal standing (MD = 0.2) and BSS (MD = 0.3; p< 0.000 for these positions). UT/LT ratio in squat was lower than unipedal squat (MD = 0.5) and BSS (MD = 0.6; p= 0.002; for these positions).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Performing the BPA exercise in the squat position is suggested in cases where lower SCM and UT muscle activation, lower UT/MT, and UT/LT ratios and higher MT and LT muscle activations are needed for individuals with and without FHP.</p>","PeriodicalId":15129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141537917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}