Nizhny Novgorod Linguistics University Bulletin最新文献

{"title":"On Semantization of Proper Names in Proverbs and Idioms","authors":"T. Fedulenkova, S. Volkova, A. Ivanova","doi":"10.47388/2072-3490/lunn2021-54-2-171-176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47388/2072-3490/lunn2021-54-2-171-176","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":151178,"journal":{"name":"Nizhny Novgorod Linguistics University Bulletin","volume":"174 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134228386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"English Borrowings in the Russian and Chinese Languages in the Sphere of Trade","authors":"","doi":"10.47388/2072-3490/lunn2021-54-2-107-123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47388/2072-3490/lunn2021-54-2-107-123","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the linguistic and cultural phenomenon of borrowing English words in the Chinese and Russian languages in the commercial sphere as a consequence of the growing influence of English in the context of globalization. Today English has become common in every country, and more and more people are beginning to speak English. Sometimes this interest is prompted by a desire to explore international culture and to travel. However, with increasing frequency, the knowledge of English is seen as necessary for professional work, because English has become a universal tool of communication in business, commerce, and international trade. This phenomenon of Anglicization is definitely present both in China and Russia, and the article looks at the vocabulary sphere which is especially vulnerable to bor-rowings: that of commercial and trade terminology. The article gives a review of phonetic borrowings from English into Chinese and Russian, focusing on the specific character of borrowings in Chinese in connection with peculiarities of the script and sounds. It also presents respective examples of borrowings in the sphere of trade, seeks to understand why English terms are borrowed into both languages, and introduces the classification by K. Palmgren which includes commercial borrowings. The author recognizes that both China and Russia are somewhat concerned about the impact of English on their languages, feeling that the increased influx of English words and phrases may pose a threat to their future development and even potentially slow it down. The influence of English on modern Chinese and Russian languages is undoubtedly significant, and, with current policy, aimed at integration into the world economy, this influence is only expected to grow. In the context of increasing commercial connections between the countries, Anglicisms continue to replace the Russian vocabulary. However, it primarily concerns the vocabulary of trade and commerce, while in daily communication English borrowings are used much more rarely. Thus, the author concludes that, although there is a tendency toward fully replacing Russian trade and commercial terms with those of English origin and, in all probability, this tendency will only be expanding, such penetration of Anglicisms into separate spheres doesn’t threaten the integrity of the language system as a whole.","PeriodicalId":151178,"journal":{"name":"Nizhny Novgorod Linguistics University Bulletin","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130786720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rhetorical Codes of Political Discourse: the Realization of the Strategic Potential of Acrothesis","authors":"E. Stupina","doi":"10.47388/2072-3490/lunn2021-54-2-77-88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47388/2072-3490/lunn2021-54-2-77-88","url":null,"abstract":"Pragmatics and expressiveness of texts are formed through rhetorical devices. However, when evaluating the potential of specific rhetorical devices, one should consider the discourse characteristics of the text. Modern linguistics draws attention to the suggestive nature of the rhe-torical devices that form the structure of utterances. In this regard, there is an increasing interest in in-depth analysis of rhetorical techniques used to implement high impact strategies. A systematic study of rhetorical devices within a certain discourse would give a clearer idea of their rhetorical function. Specific strategies can be understood by examining rhetorical devices in the context of the pragmatics and the genre of a given text. Thus, information about a specific rhetorical device is converted from separate independent facts into a conditional sign unity, or a code. Given the discourse specificity of this code, linguists describe it as “rhetorical.” By analyzing the text, we identify the rhetorical code of the discourse in question. The more rhetorical devices used in the discourse are considered, the more rhetorical codes can be used to form new speech strategies. In this article, we consider the implementation of acrothesis in political discourse. Acrothesis is a rhetorical device based on the relationship of affirming something at the expense of denying its opposite. It is implemented through utilizing homogeneous members of the sentence with the obligatory negation of the opposite in meaning. Perceiving the structure and content of the rhetorical device reveals the perlocutionary purpose of the utterance, and analyzing the rhetorical device allows us to understand its properties and to identify which speech strategies are implemented by using acrothesis. Primarily, these are strategies of persuasion, persuasion, and manipulation. Principles of implementing speech strategies are important for understanding the structure of political discourse.","PeriodicalId":151178,"journal":{"name":"Nizhny Novgorod Linguistics University Bulletin","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132333229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronologically Defined Features of Walt Whitman’s Poetic Technique in the Light of Translation Problems","authors":"I. Piven","doi":"10.47388/2072-3490/lunn2021-53-1-112-122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47388/2072-3490/lunn2021-53-1-112-122","url":null,"abstract":"The paper provides an overview of inevitable problems facing the translator of the first version of Walt Whitman’s “Song of Myself,” which has neither been translated into Russian nor become part of the Russian culture yet. A comparative analysis of the 1855 original version characterized by a rich intonation structure with the 1881 authorized text of “The Song of Myself” allows for some remarkable conclusions and prompts promising translation solutions. In the original version Whitman achieves a dramatic effect with expressive punctuation. Interestingly, in the authorized text the poet is seeking to streamline the rhythm and diversify sound patterns, sacrificing the spontaneity and ingenuousness of the first version.","PeriodicalId":151178,"journal":{"name":"Nizhny Novgorod Linguistics University Bulletin","volume":"216 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120873182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Genre of Invective in Public Discourse","authors":"M. Kalinina","doi":"10.47388/2072-3490/lunn2020-si-153-163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47388/2072-3490/lunn2020-si-153-163","url":null,"abstract":"The relevance of this research project lies in the increasing interest of the general public and professional linguists towards public discourse and the specific type of the communicative personality whose verbal behavior shakes up the normative framework and leads to violations of linguistic security. Such a speaker prefers non-normative linguistic means with the strongest communicative and stylistic charge, because they support her desire for self-expression and attract the attention of others; needless to say they often include invective. The rejection of normative expressive means is also due to the deliberate or spontaneous intention of the speaker to humiliate, ridicule, or offend the interlocutor and assert herself, which is much easier to do with invective vocabulary. Looking at the functions of the invective, its paralinguistic and linguistic features, and the intentions of the speakers, the article describes the invective genres of hating and flaming. Hating is viewed as a deliberate communicative action aimed at discrediting a person or at her social stigmatization. Flaming is characterized by spontaneity and is due to the speaker’s communicative emotionality, asociality, and propensity towards conflicts. The author determines risks of using verbal abuse, invective genres, and pejoratives in public discourse, emphasizing the importance of regulating these through relevant legislation, since, as experience shows, invective may become a form of expressing linguistic extremism and lead to physical violence. The author discusses the immediate need of introducing mandatory moderation (both automated and manual) of chats on social networks, forums, public websites, messengers, TV shows and other media in order to prevent negative consequences of invectizing public discourse and to ensure linguistic security for communication participants.","PeriodicalId":151178,"journal":{"name":"Nizhny Novgorod Linguistics University Bulletin","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127054636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Cultural Code in Terms of Translation Activity","authors":"Nikokay Baryshev, V. Sdobnikov","doi":"10.47388/2072-3490/lunn2020-si-18-31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47388/2072-3490/lunn2020-si-18-31","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses the cultural code as a component of the general professional competence of translators and interpreters, postulating that the success of any given translation activity depends on the degree to which the translator knows the cultural code, viewed here as knowledge of key quotations, personalities, and dates. It also argues that a country’s national security depends upon the degree to which the population has mastered the country’s cultural code. The authors have conducted a survey among students of a Russian university to determine the degree to which they possess the Russian cultural code. The results of the survey reveal that the respondents’ mastery of the cultural code is weak and inadequate, and thus they are not prepared to perform translation activity with required accuracy. The authors conclude that potential erosion of the cultural code poses a threat to national security and results in the destruction of the nation’s geopolitical code. Theoretical relevance of the research lies in the authors’ attempt to estimate the present condition of the collective memory and the population’s mastery of the Russian cultural code as reflected in the younger generation as well as in determining the dependence of the country’s national security, firstly, on the degree to which the population has mastered the cultural code and, secondly, on the population’s grasp of its national identity. The practical value of this research project lies in the new additional challenges it sets for those who are involved in training translators and interpreters, calling educators to revise and improve current methods of teaching translation in view of the obvious insufficiency of students’ knowledge of their national culture.","PeriodicalId":151178,"journal":{"name":"Nizhny Novgorod Linguistics University Bulletin","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123948749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Language in Historical Memory","authors":"Elizaveta P. Savrutskaya, S. Ustinkin","doi":"10.47388/2072-3490/lunn2020-si-103-110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47388/2072-3490/lunn2020-si-103-110","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the role of language in the formation and preservation of historical memory as a phenomenon of intellectual culture which ensures continuity in the historical and cultural development of the people. Embedded in linguistic models as cultural codes and social mechanisms for regulating communication processes and transmitting the socio-cultural experience of generations, historical memory preserves in the mass consciousness the socially significant information that helps strengthen the spirit of the people, solidifies its unity around the national state, and ensures the protection of the cultural heritage of multinational Russia.","PeriodicalId":151178,"journal":{"name":"Nizhny Novgorod Linguistics University Bulletin","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122336377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Phenomenon of Precedence as a Factor of Linguistic Security (A Case Study of German Euphemisms)","authors":"N. Golubeva","doi":"10.47388/2072-3490/lunn2020-si-32-43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47388/2072-3490/lunn2020-si-32-43","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this article is to systematize and describe euphemisms as precedent (derived) units of the language and to define their role in ensuring linguistic security. The analysis of euphemisms in the German language highlights their cognitive peculiarities which consist in changing the original meaning of the word or its structure. Euphemisms verbalize the thinking pro-cess based on available experience, namely precedent thinking which is one of the factors of linguistic security. In this article, linguistic security is viewed as a specific mode of thinking, and the interpreting potential of euphemisms is shown as a way of maintaining linguistic security. The author illustrates manipulative capabilities of language on different levels, analyzing lexical and grammatical functions of euphemisms, with an emphasis on specific types of discourse, and singling out cognitive discourse strategies of using euphemisms. The article examines a number of general and particular problems associated with euphemisms and euphemization, analyzing closely related linguistic terms and describing the lexical aspect of euphemisms, their functional potential, and semantic spheres of their usage, with a special focus on euphemisms as used in religious, economic, and military discourse. Studying euphemisms in the German language, the author extrapolates her conclusions to cognitive and discursive peculiarities of euphemisms as a universal linguistic phenomenon, defining polydiscursiveness as the ability of a linguistic phenomenon to realize not the internal but the external potential of discourse.","PeriodicalId":151178,"journal":{"name":"Nizhny Novgorod Linguistics University Bulletin","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133030184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Linguistic Security of Russia in the Mode of Multilingualism","authors":"B. Zhigalev, A. Prokhorova","doi":"10.47388/2072-3490/lunn2020-si-139-152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47388/2072-3490/lunn2020-si-139-152","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the problem of linguistic security of Russia within the logic of integration into the world community. A new language situation is developing in the context of modern socio-economic and political reforms in Russia. While, on the one hand, there is a rejection of monolingualism and a tendency towards the development of Russian national polylingualism, on the other hand, there is a clear orientation towards promoting multilingualism as a consequence of rapprochement with Europe. The European Union is actively promoting the policy of multilingualism, encouraging learners to expand their linguistic repertoires. Like other representatives of non-EU countries, young Europeans entering Russian universities are mostly multilingual, and for them the Russian language offered as part of their university course is just another foreign language. To promote the Russian language and culture through educating foreign students, faculty members of Russian universities seek to create a special language environment, activating all possible means and technologies to optimize the process, teaching Russian courses for international students, and organizing engaging extra-curricular activities. Despite such serious efforts, however, many foreign students perceive this as an imposition that limits them in the study of other languages and cultures. The authors of the article see a potential solution to this problem in using a multilingual approach as a mechanism for “subtle engagement and promotion” of the Russian language and culture among foreign students. They offer a case study of implementing this approach in a technical university where Russian is taught as a foreign language to future engineers and describe the functional characteristics of multilingual modules built into the Russian language course (facilitative, accelerative, communicative, organizational, and transferable), highlighting the advantages and prospects of the multilingual approach in the formation of linguistic security.","PeriodicalId":151178,"journal":{"name":"Nizhny Novgorod Linguistics University Bulletin","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121498152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Language of Coronavirus: Contemporary Use in Economics, Politics, and Media","authors":"B. Lachhein, Larisa Averkina","doi":"10.47388/2072-3490/lunn2020-si-7-17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47388/2072-3490/lunn2020-si-7-17","url":null,"abstract":"Since the beginning of 2020, the outbreak of COVID-19 has been accompanied by far-reaching social changes worldwide and has produced a vast number of new terms describing the situation. Not only universities but also national German language institutions have been analyzing sources from politics and media. Launched with the intention to communicate the government’s measures and to meet the population’s immediate need for information, online glossaries have proved to be a suitable tool for making the relevant vocabulary and its conceptual content and background available in a timely manner. Along with virologists and politicians, linguists are also studying the pandemic-related situation, thus reinforcing a multidisciplinary approach to the global challenge. Given all this, in order to harmonize the current vocabulary, the European Translation Service has drawn up a vocabulary survey for the member states of the European Union. The German language provides various linguistic tools to record coronavirus-related events adequately. The key objective of this paper is to map the process of adapting language to social processes on the basis of Internet research conducted in relevant institutions in Germany. As a result, it has become apparent that new word constructions, anglicisms, idioms, and professional terms are shaping the emerging vocabulary related to the global pandemic. Much of this is context-dependent and in need of explanation and adequate translations into other languages. Thematically organized dictionaries, glossaries, and podcasts as well as the immediate use of existing medical terms in everyday language enable a quick response to current developments in language. Despite the ongoing emergence of different focus areas in research, it is clear that the coronavirus crisis has forced the whole global population to deal with formerly unfamiliar situations, news, and regulations, and thus the most current monothematic vocabulary continues to prevail in communication. However it is yet too early to speak of a general expansion of language and phraseology.","PeriodicalId":151178,"journal":{"name":"Nizhny Novgorod Linguistics University Bulletin","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121583682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}