Journal of Bacteriology最新文献

{"title":"The virulence regulator <i>bvgS</i> controls nutrient-induced filamentation in <i>Bordetella avium</i>.","authors":"Niklas G Perslow, Serena J Meadows-Graves, Robert J Luallen","doi":"10.1128/jb.00030-25","DOIUrl":"10.1128/jb.00030-25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bacteria can change morphology in response to stressors and changes in their environment, including infection of a host. We previously identified the bacterial species, <i>Bordetella atropi</i>, which uses nutrient-induced filamentation as a novel mechanism for cell-to-cell spreading in the intestinal epithelial cells of a nematode host. To further investigate the conservation of nutrient-induced filamentation in Bordetellae, we utilized the turkey-infecting species <i>Bordetella avium,</i> which filaments <i>in vitro</i> when switched from a standard growth media to an enriched media. We conducted a selection-based filamentation screen with <i>B. avium</i> and isolated two independent non-filamentous mutants that failed to filament in highly enriched media. These mutants contained different alleles in <i>bvgS,</i> the sensor in the two-component master virulence regulator (BvgAS) conserved across the <i>Bordetella</i> genus. To investigate the role of <i>bvgS</i> in nutrient-induced filamentation, we conducted transcriptomics and found that our allele of <i>bvgS</i> resulted in loss of responsiveness to highly enriched media, especially in genes related to nutrient uptake and metabolism. The most dysregulated gene in the <i>bvgS</i> mutant encoded for succinyl-CoA:acetate CoA-transferase, and we were able to regulate filamentation with exogenous metabolites up and downstream of this enzyme. These data suggest that <i>bvgS</i> regulates nutrient-induced filamentation by controlling metabolic capacity. Overall, we found that the virulence regulator <i>bvgS</i> can control nutrient-induced filamentation in <i>B. avium,</i> suggesting there may be conservation in Bordetellae for utilizing this morphological change as a virulence phenotype.IMPORTANCE<i>Bordetella avium</i> is the causative agent of bordetellosis, an infectious disease affecting the respiratory system of birds, significantly increasing morbidity in poultry, ultimately leading to economic losses. It is long known that the pathogenesis of <i>B. avium</i> is governed by the two-component master virulence regulator, BvgAS. However, this regulon has never before been associated with nutrient-induced filamentation. In this study, we identify BvgS to be regulating nutrient-induced filamentation. We also report the first transcriptomics analysis of filamentous <i>B. avium</i>, showing the enzyme succinyl-CoA:acetate CoA-transferase may be involved in a metabolic shift in enriched nutrient conditions leading to filamentation. Our results suggest that virulence in <i>B. avium</i> is a dynamic relationship, affected by nutrient availability, rather than a simple binary decision.</p>","PeriodicalId":15107,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bacteriology","volume":" ","pages":"e0003025"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12445083/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144821502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low-frequency ultrasound treatment reduces susceptibility to <i>Salmonella</i> infection in aged mice.","authors":"Parisa Zangoui, Ekta Singh, Michael P Sheetz, Linda J Kenney","doi":"10.1128/jb.00176-25","DOIUrl":"10.1128/jb.00176-25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Increased susceptibility of elderly populations to infection is a major concern, as recently experienced by the coronavirus pandemic. Therefore, the treatment of infected elderly individuals is of immediate interest. Here, we report the use of ultrasound treatment to reduce <i>Salmonella</i> infection in elderly individuals. <i>Salmonella enterica</i> serovar Typhimurium enters the human body through the ingestion of contaminated food or water and causes gastroenteritis. The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) reports 420 deaths per year in the United States caused by the <i>Salmonella</i> pathogen, especially in the elderly population. In this study, we investigated the susceptibility to <i>Salmonella</i> infection in young and old mice by enumerating the number of viable bacteria in the liver 3 days post-infection. We then explored the effect of ultrasound treatment (low-frequency ultrasound [LFU]) prior to infecting aged mice with <i>Salmonella</i>. We observed a higher colonization of <i>Salmonella</i> infection in the livers of old mice compared to young mice. Colonization was significantly reduced when old mice were treated with LFU prior to infection, which significantly reduced colonization. Chemokine analysis revealed a significant increase in ICAM-1, SDF-1, and KC/CXCL1 in aged, treated mice. Ultrasound treatment rejuvenated the immune system in old mice, reducing their susceptibility to <i>Salmonella</i> infection.</p><p><strong>Importance: </strong>Our study demonstrates the efficacy of low-frequency ultrasound (LFU) treatment in significantly rejuvenating the immune system in aged mice and reducing their susceptibility to <i>Salmonella</i> infection. These findings underscore the potential of LFU as a therapeutic intervention to boost immune function in elderly populations, reducing the risk of infectious diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":15107,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bacteriology","volume":" ","pages":"e0017625"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12445081/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144821499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of <i>Ng</i>Ago-mediated genome editing in <i>Mycobacterium smegmatis</i>.","authors":"Li Zhao, Shi-Qi Yang, Yu-Wei Feng, Bang-Ce Ye, Di You","doi":"10.1128/jb.00214-25","DOIUrl":"10.1128/jb.00214-25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Mycobacterium smegmatis</i> is nonpathogenic and fast-growing and is usually used as a model species of <i>Mycobacterium</i>. Studying basic metabolic mechanisms is crucial for accelerating mycobacterial research. Although several tools for genome editing in <i>Mycobacterium smegmatis</i> MC ⁽²⁾ 155 (<i>M. smegmatis</i>) can be used, plasmids are difficult to construct, and the knockout efficiency is still low. Here, the <i>Ng</i>Ago system was utilized to edit the genome of the Gram-positive bacterium <i>M. smegmatis</i>, which has a high guanine-cytosine (GC) content. A shuttle plasmid containing the hsp60 promoter to drive <i>Ng</i>Ago expression was designed. PCR-mediated screening and qRT‒PCR confirmed that the <i>glnR</i> gene (KEGG: <i>MSMEG_5784</i>) and <i>ltmA</i> gene (KEGG: <i>MSMEG_6479</i>) were successfully knocked out by the <i>Ng</i>Ago-F system. The editing efficiency reached 80%, and the time requirement was reduced to 8 days. The optimized <i>Ng</i>Ago system establishes an efficient genome-editing platform for high-GC mycobacteria, advancing functional genomics research on <i>M. smegmatis</i> and potentially enabling precise interrogation of virulence mechanisms in pathogens, such as <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>.IMPORTANCEIn this work, we demonstrated that the <i>Ng</i>Ago system could be used to edit the genome of <i>Mycobacterium smegmatis</i> and has several advantages: easy plasmid construction, high editing efficiency, and short time requirements. These findings provide a powerful tool for elucidating the basic metabolic mechanisms of <i>M. smegmatis</i> and potentially those of other mycobacterial species.</p>","PeriodicalId":15107,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bacteriology","volume":" ","pages":"e0021425"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12445092/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144955214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cysteine proteases and how YabG fits into clan CD of the MEROPS database.","authors":"Morgan S Osborne, Joseph A Sorg","doi":"10.1128/jb.00246-25","DOIUrl":"10.1128/jb.00246-25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cysteine proteases are hydrolases that share a common catalytic mechanism involving a nucleophilic cysteine thiol in a catalytic dyad or triad. Here, we review the current clans that make up the cysteine proteases in the MEROPS database as of March 2025. We also discuss cysteine proteases made by <i>C. difficile</i>, with a particular focus on recent analysis of the sporulation-specific protease, YabG, that supports its reclassification into clan CD of the MEROPS protease database. YabG is a highly conserved sporulation-specific protease that, until more recently, has been mostly studied in <i>B. subtilis,</i> where YabG is important for processing coat proteins. In <i>C. difficile</i>, YabG processes proteins required for spore germination and is important in coat/exosporium protein expression.</p>","PeriodicalId":15107,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bacteriology","volume":" ","pages":"e0024625"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12445089/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144955203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of a heparin-binding protein encoded by <i>Mbov_0510</i> gene in <i>Mycoplasma bovis</i>.","authors":"Zhixin Ma, Qi Wu, Hui Yu, Qiao Pan, Tong Liu, Jiuqing Xin, Qingyuan Xu","doi":"10.1128/jb.00160-25","DOIUrl":"10.1128/jb.00160-25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Mycoplasma bovis</i> is a highly infectious pathogenic microorganism that causes various clinical signs in cattle, including pneumonia, arthritis, and mastitis, often resulting in significant economic losses. The adhesion of <i>M. bovis</i> to host cells is a pivotal step in the infection process, which is a complex process involving multiple pathogenic and host proteins. Molecules involved in <i>M. bovis</i> adhesion and colonization are widely recognized as important virulence factors and often implicated in the infection and pathogenesis. In this study, the <i>Mbov_0510</i> gene of <i>M. bovis</i> was cloned, and the protein encoded by this gene was expressed and purified. The rabbit polyclonal antibody against this protein was also produced. This protein was shown to be a surface protein and to react with the <i>M. bovis</i>-positive serum. The ability of this protein to adhere to host cells was verified using embryonic bovine lung (EBL) and Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells. Furthermore, the adhesion function of this protein was found to be achieved through interaction with heparin on the host cell surface, and the key region of the protein involved in heparin binding was identified. The conservation of the protein encoded by the <i>Mbov_0510</i> gene was also analyzed. The results of this study suggest that the protein encoded by the <i>Mbov_0510</i> gene is a heparin-binding surface membrane protein of <i>M. bovis</i> associated with infection.IMPORTANCEMycoplasmas lack a cell wall, and the membrane proteins interacting with host cells play essential roles in their infection and proliferation processes. In this study, we identified a membrane protein encoded by <i>Mycoplasma bovis</i> that interacts with heparin on the surface of host cells. Heparin is widely distributed in various cells and tissues of the host and serves as a receptor for the infection and invasion of many pathogenic microorganisms. The ability of <i>M. bovis</i> to invade multiple tissues may be related to its heparin-binding capacity. The heparin-binding protein identified in this study is valuable for further research on the infection and invasion mechanisms of <i>M. bovis</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":15107,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bacteriology","volume":" ","pages":"e0016025"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12445077/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144816724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rescue of bacterial motility using two- and three-species FliC chimeras.","authors":"Jacob Scadden, Pietro Ridone, Divyangi Pandit, Yoshiyuki Sowa, Matthew A B Baker","doi":"10.1128/jb.00517-24","DOIUrl":"10.1128/jb.00517-24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The bacterial flagellar filament acts as a propeller to drive most bacterial swimming. The filament is made of flagellin, known as FliC in <i>Escherichia coli</i>. FliC consists of four domains, the highly conserved core D0 and D1 domains and the hypervariable outer D2 and D3 domains. The size and structure of the outer domains vary, being completely absent in some bacterial species. Here, we sought to identify outer domains from various species that are compatible with the ability of <i>E. coli</i> K-12 FliC to form filaments capable of supporting motility. We calculated a phylogeny of 210 representative flagellin amino acid sequences and generated a series of FliC variants, including outer domain-deleted forms and 11 chimeric FliC mutants using domains from <i>E. coli K-12</i>, <i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, <i>Collimonas fungivorans</i>, <i>Helicobacter mustelae</i>, and <i>Mesorhizobium</i> sp. ORS3359 in various combinations. Notably, two of the chimeric <i>fliC</i> mutants rescued motility in a <i>fliC</i>-disrupted <i>E. coli</i> K-12 strain, both of which contained the <i>S</i>. Typhimurium D2 domain. Overall, we demonstrate that, while most FliC chimeras did not support motility, interchangeability of the outer domains can produce filaments that provide motility, providing insights to guide the design of synthetic flagellins.IMPORTANCEFlagellin is a key protein forming the filament of the bacterial flagellar motor which powers most bacterial swimming. Flagellin can have hypervariable domains which can alter motility in different environments and provide immune evasion. Here we engineered two flagellin chimeras that could drive motility. This indicates that the flagellin outer domains can be exchanged, to some degree, allowing us to refine rational design approaches for engineering of bacterial swimming. Our work shows the challenges to overcome when combining flagellins from different species and provides evidence that domain-switched flagellins can form filaments.</p>","PeriodicalId":15107,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bacteriology","volume":" ","pages":"e0051724"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12445082/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144816728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cystic fibrosis and inflammatory bowel disease: parallels in gut physiology and microbiota.","authors":"Kaitlyn E Barrack, George A O'Toole","doi":"10.1128/jb.00167-25","DOIUrl":"10.1128/jb.00167-25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cystic fibrosis (CF) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) represent distinct pathologies with unique genetic underpinnings; yet, they share remarkable similarities in gut microbiota dysbiosis and intestinal physiology. This review comprehensively examines the parallels and differences between these conditions, focusing on microbial signatures, inflammatory markers, and physiological features. Both diseases exhibit increased levels of Proteobacteria, decreased anaerobic short-chain fatty acid producers, and altered intestinal metabolic profiles. Common physiological characteristics include intestinal inflammation with elevated inflammatory markers (calprotectin, S100A12, lactoferrin), lower intestinal pH, and similar bile acid dysregulation patterns. However, key differences emerge in mucus characteristics, disease onset timing, and current treatment approaches. The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in both conditions, with shared signatures of dysbiosis suggesting similar intestinal environmental shifts and potential common therapeutic targets. Recent advances in CFTR modulator therapy have shown promising effects on the CF gut microbiome, while IBD treatments demonstrate variable efficacy. Understanding these similarities and differences is crucial for developing targeted therapies that could benefit both populations. This review highlights the complex interplay between host genetics, environmental factors, and the gut microbiota, emphasizing the need for further research to disentangle these relationships. We also discuss how the information provided here can be used to build and validate <i>in vitro</i> models to study the dysbiotic microbial communities and their causes in these diseases, to develop more effective treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":15107,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bacteriology","volume":" ","pages":"e0016725"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12445095/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144873334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unexpected modulation of Hna phage defense activity by the symbiotic regulator NolR.","authors":"Leah M Sather, Niousha Fazeli, Jason V S Kearsley, Kathryn Jones, Turlough M Finan","doi":"10.1128/jb.00182-25","DOIUrl":"10.1128/jb.00182-25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Hna phage defense system is one of many systems that protect bacteria against bacterial viruses (phages). Hna was first discovered in the nitrogen-fixing alphaproteobacterium <i>Sinorhizobium meliloti</i>, which forms root nodules on leguminous plants. We report that the efficacy of the Hna system depends on NolR, a transcriptional regulator known to regulate expression of nodulation genes. Strains carrying a mutant <i>nolR</i> gene (e.g., the widely used laboratory strain Rm1021) display dramatically reduced Hna-mediated phage resistance compared to those with the wild-type <i>nolR</i> gene. <i>hna</i> expression is approximately doubled in <i>nolR⁺</i> (wild-type) compared to <i>nolR^-</i> strains. Integration of a second copy of <i>hna</i> increased phage resistance in a <i>nolR^-</i> strain >1,000-fold, indicating that a moderate <i>hna</i> expression difference is sufficient to affect the Hna phage resistance phenotype. NolR does not appear to directly regulate <i>hna</i>,as there is no predicted NolR binding site upstream of <i>hna</i>, and purified NolR protein does not bind to the <i>hna</i> upstream sequence. Other genes whose transcription is regulated by NolR were identified through RNA-seq experiments. These include the lipopolysaccharide sulfotransferase gene <i>lpsS</i>, which is located downstream of a NolR binding site. This work illustrates how modest differences in expression between strains can dramatically alter the protective phenotype of a defense system.IMPORTANCEThe ability of a bacterial culture to survive phage infection is significant in both medical (phage therapy) and industrial (e.g., cheese production) contexts. This study describes a factor that influences the efficacy of a recently discovered phage defense system (Hna) in the agriculturally relevant soil bacterium <i>Sinorhizobium meliloti</i>. Like other phage defense systems, Hna systems undergo extensive horizontal transfer and must be able to maintain functionality across different genetic backgrounds. Our work demonstrates that host factor differences can significantly impact the performance of phage defense systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":15107,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bacteriology","volume":" ","pages":"e0018225"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12445080/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144873336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RRNPP quorum-sensing repertoires in the salivarius group genomes: overrepresentation and synchronous activation of SHP/Rgg systems in <i>Streptococcus thermophilus</i>.","authors":"Quentin Caillot, Alain Guillot, Thomas Lacroix, Lydie Oliveira-Correia, Eugénie Huillet, Gwénaëlle André, Pierre Nicolas, Rozenn Gardan","doi":"10.1128/jb.00231-25","DOIUrl":"10.1128/jb.00231-25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In Bacillota, quorum sensing can be mediated by RRNPP regulators that are activated by autoinducing peptides (AIPs). In this study, we derived a hidden Markov model profile from a 3D-informed alignment to establish RRNPP repertoires for 527 genomes of streptococci in the salivarius group and identified probable AIPs. The salivarius group encompasses <i>Streptococcus salivarius</i> and <i>Streptococcus vestibularis</i>, which are part of the normal human oral microflora, and <i>Streptococcus thermophilus</i>, one of the most widely used bacteria in the dairy industry. We observed a large amount of plasticity in these repertoires, as well as profound differences among species. Notably, <i>S. salivarius</i> displayed an accumulation of ComR regulators, while <i>S. thermophilus</i> displayed an accumulation of Rgg regulators. The latter family included SHP-associated Rgg regulators, systems in which SHPs serve as AIPs; most of these regulators control the production of post-translationally modified peptides (RaS-RiPPs). Their level of richness contrasts with the genome reduction that accompanied <i>S. thermophilus</i>' adaptation to milk. We then used liquid chromatography-high resolution tandem mass spectrometry to analyze the activity of the eight most common SHP/Rgg systems by characterizing the SHPs and RaS-RiPPs found in the supernatants. We detected four SHPs and one RaS-RiPP that have never been seen before in <i>S. thermophilus</i>, and we showed that seven of the eight SHP/Rgg systems were functional. Finally, by simultaneously monitoring the amounts of both the SHPs and RaS-RiPPs, we demonstrated that the fates of these two peptide types differed during growth. SHP presence in the supernatant was transient, a pattern likely related to the peptides' signaling role.</p><p><strong>Importance: </strong><i>Streptococcus thermophilus</i> possesses an unusually high number of Rgg regulators, which are activated by SHP pheromones that control the production of RaS-RiPPs, peptides with cyclization motifs and growth inhibition properties. We conducted an <i>in silico</i> analysis of regulator repertoires across a wide range of strains; a subsequent experimental study revealed that the majority of the SHP/Rgg systems were functional. Employing an optimized liquid chromatography-high resolution tandem mass spectrometry protocol, we were able to better detect and follow SHP and RaS-RiPP accumulation. While RaS-RiPPs accumulated during growth, SHPs were only transiently present in the extracellular environment. This observation suggests that we could manipulate quorum sensing by adding SHPs to the growth medium and highlights the need to study the functions of the RaS-RiPPs.</p>","PeriodicalId":15107,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bacteriology","volume":" ","pages":"e0023125"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12445099/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144955191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i>-key to understanding biofilms, commensalism, and more.","authors":"Gordon Y C Cheung, Michael Otto","doi":"10.1128/jb.00165-25","DOIUrl":"10.1128/jb.00165-25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i>, a ubiquitous inhabitant of human skin, has been known for decades for its capacity to form biofilm-associated infections on indwelling medical devices and has developed into a leading bacterium used in biofilm research. Early investigation on the biofilm matrix focused on <i>S. epidermidis</i> \"slime,\" and currently, <i>S. epidermidis</i> represents one of the most prevalent organisms for in-vivo biofilm infection models. More recently, <i>S. epidermidis</i> has also become a standard for the investigation of host-commensal interactions on human skin, especially the immune response to colonization that is often called \"commensal immunity.\" Finally, there are recent efforts to use <i>S. epidermidis</i> as a topically applied vehicle for probiotic pathogen exclusion efforts as well as anti-cancer and vaccination strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":15107,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bacteriology","volume":" ","pages":"e0016525"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12445090/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144955207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}