Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics最新文献

{"title":"Analysis of cosmic ray-induced neutron spectra recorded during PIRATA oceanographic cruises","authors":"G. Hubert ,&nbsp;G. Herbert ,&nbsp;A. Tilhac ,&nbsp;R. Rey ,&nbsp;B. Bourlès","doi":"10.1016/j.jastp.2025.106690","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jastp.2025.106690","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents the operation of a neutron spectrometer onboard the R/V La Thalassa during the PIRATA (Prediction and Research Moored Array in the Tropical Atlantic) oceanographic cruises in the equatorial Atlantic. The cruises took place from February to April in 2019 and 2020. We analyze cosmic ray-induced neutrons measured by the spectrometer, accounting for various physical factors influencing neutron detection, including environmental and systematic effects primarily driven by atmospheric pressure and water vapor content variations. Additionally, the study incorporates the influence of short-term fluctuations in primary cosmic rays to investigate the geomagnetic cutoff rigidity dependence. Detailed analyses of count rates, fluxes, and neutron spectra are provided, facilitating cross-comparison of radiation fields. The mobile neutron spectrometer enables latitude-dependent surveys, assessing the impact of geomagnetic cutoff rigidity on neutron spectra. Equivalent 3-NM64 count rates were derived from PIRATA measurements and compared with previous results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15096,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics","volume":"278 ","pages":"Article 106690"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145621946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterizing microphysical transitions in southwest monsoon onset precipitation: An observational insight from southern peninsular India","authors":"R.K. Sumesh ,&nbsp;E.A. Resmi ,&nbsp;M.G. Manoj ,&nbsp;T.S. Sreekanth ,&nbsp;Nita Sukumar ,&nbsp;Charan Teja Tejavath ,&nbsp;C.K. Unnikrishnan ,&nbsp;Dharmadas Jash ,&nbsp;K. Mohankumar","doi":"10.1016/j.jastp.2025.106701","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jastp.2025.106701","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to characterize the diurnal variability of raindrop size distribution (DSD) and associated cloud layers during the transition from pre-monsoon to monsoon onset over southern peninsular India. In-situ observations from the Advanced Centre for Atmospheric Radar Research (ACARR) at Cochin (40 m above msl) and the High-Altitude Cloud Physics Observatory (HACPO) (1820m above msl) at Munnar in Kerala, during 2017–2019, were used to analyse the microphysical process and cloud layers governing rainfall formation. DSDs and their gamma parameters were derived from disdrometer measurements, while cloud base heights were obtained from ceilometer data, and thermodynamical parameters from re-analysis datasets. At ACARR, the onset phase (±5 days from the monsoon onset day) is characterised by frequent, short-duration, intense rain events with broader DSDs. While HACPO exhibits enhanced concentrations of small to medium drops (0.31–2.12 mm) across rain categories. Diurnal analysis reveals convective DSD dominance in the pre-onset phase (−10 days before the onset phase) at ACARR, whereas transition-type DSDs appear earlier at HACPO, indicating orographic influence. Analysis of Gamma DSD parameters and N_w–D_m relationships reveals strong convective signatures at ACARR compared to HACPO during the onset phase and evolving toward stratiform-dominant rainfall with the progression of the monsoon. Rainfall is mainly driven by low-level clouds at ACARR, whereas sustained stratiform rain over HACPO is linked to multilayered cloud systems. These results underscore the contrasting microphysical and thermodynamic controls on rainfall development across terrains, enhancing understanding of regional variability during monsoon onset and aiding improved rainfall prediction in models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15096,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics","volume":"278 ","pages":"Article 106701"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145691510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Source attribution and temporal patterns of surface ozone in a semi-arid region of southern India via GAM and trajectory models","authors":"Ramanjula Reddy Annareddy,&nbsp;Fasiha Begum Shaik,&nbsp;Bhavana Thatapi,&nbsp;Chandrasekhar Reddy Chukkaluri,&nbsp;Nazeer Ahammed Yadiki","doi":"10.1016/j.jastp.2025.106699","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jastp.2025.106699","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Surface Ozone (O₃) is a secondary air pollutant of major concern owing to its impacts on human health, vegetation, materials, and regional climate. This study presents a year-long (March 2021–February 2022) investigation of O₃ variability and its driving factors in Kadapa, a semi-arid region of southern India. Continuous ground-based measurements using a UV photometric analyzer, complemented by Particulate-Matter (PM₂.₅) data, ERA5 meteorological reanalysis, and satellite inputs, were analyzed through a combination of Generalized Additive Model (GAM) and air-mass trajectory approaches (WPSCF and WCWT). Pronounced diurnal and seasonal O₃ patterns revealed a pronounced afternoon peak driven by photochemical activity, with maximum concentrations observed in summer and minimum levels during the monsoon. GAM analysis highlighted strong seasonal dependencies, with relative humidity and temperature emerging as dominant nonlinear drivers of O₃, while trajectory models revealed seasonal shifts in source regions—from the Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea to continental and northeastern inflows. The observed nonlinear O₃–PM₂.₅ interactions indicated photochemical enhancement under moderate aerosol loading and suppression under high aerosol concentrations due to reduced photolysis. These results provide the first integrated assessment of O₃ behaviour in this semi-arid environment, improving understanding of O₃–aerosol–meteorology couplings and supporting mitigation strategies for tropical India.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15096,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics","volume":"278 ","pages":"Article 106699"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145691511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitigation of laser beam fluctuation and performance of probability of fade in weak ocean turbulence","authors":"Hamza Gerçekcioğlu ,&nbsp;Yahya Baykal","doi":"10.1016/j.jastp.2025.106695","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jastp.2025.106695","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Utilizing the Rytov method in weakly turbulent oceanic medium, minimum scintillation index of sinusoidal Gaussian (SG) laser beams, named as the optimum beam (OB), is investigated for the underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC). Horizontal link between any underwater vehicles is considered. The formulation of the on-axis scintillation index of these beams is derived analytically, and the minimum scintillation index is determined with suitable adjustment of the complex displacement parameters. The complex displacement parameters are identified and tabulated for the selected propagation distance and source size. Obtained scintillation index results are drawn against the propagation length and source size. When compared with the plane, spherical, collimated, focused Gaussian, cos-Gaussian and cosh-Gaussian beams, OB is found to possess essential advantage. Additionally, with the obtained scintillation index values, probabilities of fade of these beams are calculated and their behaviors are also presented. OB also has a significant advantage when considering the fade probability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15096,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics","volume":"278 ","pages":"Article 106695"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145691512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of a simple wave-amplitude approximation for tsunami-generated gravity waves at all levels of viscosity in the thermosphere","authors":"Dave Broutman ,&nbsp;Harold K. Knight ,&nbsp;James W. Rottman ,&nbsp;Stephen D. Eckermann","doi":"10.1016/j.jastp.2025.106704","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jastp.2025.106704","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A wave-amplitude approximation adapted from inviscid WKB (Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin) theory is tested for tsunami-generated gravity waves in the thermosphere up to 500 km altitude. The idea is to use a standard inviscid WKB wave-amplitude term <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>m</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>/</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>, where <span><math><mrow><mi>m</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>z</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span> is the vertical wavenumber and <span><math><mi>z</mi></math></span> is the altitude, but to replace the inviscid <span><math><mi>m</mi></math></span> with an <span><math><mi>m</mi></math></span> obtained from a viscous and thermally diffusive dispersion relation. The <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>m</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>/</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> approximation is implemented in an anelastic Fourier model for two-dimensional steady-state solutions in the tsunami reference frame. Comparisons are made with a more accurate numerical multilayer model giving solutions to a linearized system of anelastic governing equations. Though there is no perturbation analysis supporting the <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>m</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>/</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> approximation for viscous <span><math><mi>m</mi></math></span>, the approximation compares well with numerical multilayer solutions except for overestimating wave amplitudes in very strong viscosity. The overestimate is due to the neglect by the <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>m</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>/</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> approximation of a coupling between upgoing gravity-wave and dissipative modes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15096,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics","volume":"278 ","pages":"Article 106704"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145836659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improved sparrow search algorithm optimized extreme learning machine for ultra-short-term wind speed prediction","authors":"Lian Lian","doi":"10.1016/j.jastp.2025.106693","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jastp.2025.106693","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate ultra-short-term wind speed prediction is of decisive significance for improving the grid connection efficiency of wind power generation, reducing the operation and maintenance costs of wind farms and maintaining the stable operation of wind power systems. This paper presents a prediction model based on improved sparrow search algorithm optimized extreme learning machine. Based on the standard sparrow search algorithm, three improved strategies including population initialization based on Piecewise chaotic map, improved position update of the discover and optimal value search are introduced to make the initial population evenly distributed and improve the global search performance and anti local minimum ability of the algorithm. The comparison of eight CEC2017 benchmark functions shows that the proposed improved sparrow search algorithm achieved the best optimization performance (mean and standard deviation) in six of them. The improved sparrow search algorithm is used to optimize the input weights and biases of hidden nodes in extreme learning machine model, which greatly improves the prediction accuracy of model. The performance of the model is evaluated by using the actual ultra-short-term wind speed dataset. In the experiment, autoregressive integrated moving average model in the statistical model, least squares support vector machine and extreme learning machine in the machine learning model, and Transformer, temporal convolutional network, graph neural network, bidirectional long short-term memory and convolutional neural network-long short-term memory in the deep learning model are selected as comparison models. The effectiveness of the proposed prediction model is verified by prediction error, performance indicators comparison, box plot, statistical index and Taylor chart. Compared with these ten comparison models, root mean square error decreased by 26.82 %–60.32 %, mean absolute error decreased by 27.21 %–60.12 %, mean absolute percentage error decreased by 24.60 %–59.84 %, relative root mean square error decreased by 29.00 %–147.16 %, square sum error decreased by 46.45 %–84.25 %, Theil Inequality coefficient decreased by 26.40 %–59.41 %, R square increased by 10.49 %–141.28 %, the index of agreement increased by 0.43 %–2.67 % and Pearson correlation coefficient increased by 3.14 %–20.49 %. At the same time, the training time of the proposed model is 372.0942 s, which can meet the requirements of the most common 15 min scheduling cycle in the actual wind farm management system, and provides an effective solution strategy for ultra-short-term wind speed prediction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15096,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics","volume":"278 ","pages":"Article 106693"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145621938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced ground-based GNSS tomography for accurate water vapor retrieval","authors":"Xia Pengfei ,&nbsp;Zhang Weikang ,&nbsp;Shu Liang ,&nbsp;Guo Min","doi":"10.1016/j.jastp.2025.106709","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jastp.2025.106709","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ground-based GNSS tomography-derived three-dimensional water vapor products exhibit significant potential to enhance weather forecast accuracy. However, their accuracy is constrained by key technical challenges such as the vertical constraint function, the vertical division of the tomographic voxel, and the determination of the voxel's top height. This paper aims to optimize GNSS water vapor tomography by constructing a vertical factor model for water vapor density based on ERA5 reanalysis data and proposing a new method for determining the top height of the tomographic voxel. Furthermore, in accordance with the characteristics of water vapor distribution, the vertical level of the tomographic voxel is divided into two regions for non-uniform and uniform partitioning. Using observation data from ten GNSS stations in Wuhan for trial calculations, and by statistically analyzing the inversion results for the entire year of 2023, it is found that the optimized tomography technique not only enhances the utilization rate of GNSS rays but also improves the accuracy of GNSS three-dimensional water vapor density by up to 30.2 % in spring, with an annual average improvement of 24.2 %, enhancing severe weather prediction and numerical modeling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15096,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics","volume":"278 ","pages":"Article 106709"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145879943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of PM2.5 sources on the single scattering albedo at a rural site in the south-western Mediterranean region","authors":"J.F. Nicolás,&nbsp;J. Crespo,&nbsp;E. Yubero,&nbsp;M. Alfosea-Simón,&nbsp;A. Clemente,&nbsp;N. Gómez-Sanchez,&nbsp;N. Galindo","doi":"10.1016/j.jastp.2025.106698","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jastp.2025.106698","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the present work, the contribution of PM_2.5 sources to light absorption (σ_ap,520) and scattering (σ_sp,525), as well as their impact on SSA values, was analysed. For this, measurements of aerosol optical properties and PM_2.5 chemical composition were conducted at a rural site in southeastern Spain. The sources that significantly contributed to light extinction were: road traffic (TR), biomass burning (BB), mineral dust (MD), and a secondary aerosol source (SA). BB accounted for nearly 50 % of the absorption coefficient (λ = 520 nm), while the SA source exhibited the largest contribution to the scattering process (∼47 % at 525 nm). MD showed the smallest contribution to σ_ap,520 and σ_sp,525, although its contribution significantly increased during Saharan dust events (SDEs). SSA daily values showed a clear dependence on the contribution of individual sources to PM_2.5 concentrations. SSA values (λ = 525 nm) exceeding 0.90 were observed when contributions from secondary aerosols were greater than 50 %, while the SSA decreased with the increase in the contribution from road traffic. The contribution from BB was fairly constant for almost all SSA values, although high SSA values (&gt;0.90) were observed when the contribution from this source was very low. The SSA showed a clear spectral dependence that varied according to the aerosol type. So, for BB aerosols the SSA decreased with wavelength, while for mineral dust the opposite trend was observed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15096,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics","volume":"278 ","pages":"Article 106698"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145691513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ionospheric response to lightning activity during cyclone Tauktae over the Arabian Sea","authors":"Akshay S. Patil ,&nbsp;Aditi D. Yadav ,&nbsp;Bhushan Vibhute ,&nbsp;Dada P. Nade ,&nbsp;T. Dharmaraj ,&nbsp;Sambhaji M. Pawar ,&nbsp;Sunil D. Pawar","doi":"10.1016/j.jastp.2025.106692","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jastp.2025.106692","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Severe convective systems such as tropical cyclones and thunderstorms play a vital role in vertically coupling the Earth's atmosphere, often driving perturbations from the lower troposphere to the upper ionosphere. During the passage of Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storm (ESCS) Tauktae over the Arabian Sea in May 2021, this study examines the interactions between the atmosphere and ionosphere. We employ a multi-instrumental strategy that combines GNSS-based Total Electron Content (TEC) observations from the Indian Institute of Science (IISc) Bangalore, mesospheric temperature profiles from the SABER instrument onboard the TIMED satellite, and lightning data from the Indian Lightning Location Network (ILLN). Strong thermal disturbances and gravity wave signatures were observed in the mesosphere-lower thermosphere area on May 15–16, coinciding with a noticeable increase in lightning activity. Concurrently, short-period TEC fluctuations with peak power in the 1–2 mHz band were observed, indicating travelling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs). The temporal alignment of lightning peaks, gravity wave signatures, and TEC anomalies suggests efficient coupling between the troposphere and ionosphere during the cyclone. These findings support the concept of gravity wave-mediated coupling between the troposphere and ionosphere during extreme weather events.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15096,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics","volume":"278 ","pages":"Article 106692"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145621937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimized fuzzy logic algorithm for classifying meteorological and non-meteorological echoes in CINRAD/SA data in Poyang Lake region","authors":"Landi Zhong ,&nbsp;Haibo Zou ,&nbsp;Xiaoyou Long ,&nbsp;Jiaxin Wang ,&nbsp;Yige Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.jastp.2025.106708","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jastp.2025.106708","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents an improved fuzzy logic-based algorithm, originally developed for the U.S. Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) system, to classify meteorological echoes (MS) and non-meteorological echoes (non-MS) in S-band dual-polarization radar data from China New Generation Weather Radar (CINRAD) with S-band of type A (SA). In the improvement process, the \"true\" MS and non-MS are identified firstly using the combination of a single-polarization radar technique for distinguishing the MS and non-MS from 73,423 radar records and then manual inspection. Subsequently, a statistical analysis of dual-polarization variables and their derived parameters is conducted to obtain the characteristics of the MS and non-MS. Finally, the membership function parameters in the fuzzy logic-based algorithm are refined based on these characteristics. The performance of the improved algorithm is evaluated under four weather scenarios: clear-sky, weak precipitation, heavy precipitation and typhoon. The results demonstrate that the improved algorithm effectively distinguishes between non-MS and MS, with outcomes that align well with real echo data. In practical applications, the improved algorithm markedly reduces residual non-MS contamination while preserving the MS. In order to assess the improved algorithm more comprehensively, 7339 radar samples randomly collected at Nanchang radar station from January to November 2023 are used for the statistical evaluation of the algorithm. Results reveal that the improved algorithm eliminates the majority of the non-MS while maintaining the integrity of MS structures. In contrast, the original algorithm has limited capability in filtering the non-MS, particularly near radar stations and mountainous regions. Overall, the results demonstrate that the improved algorithm substantially enhances data quality control and accuracy in the application of CINRAD/SA radar products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15096,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics","volume":"278 ","pages":"Article 106708"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145880128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}