Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics最新文献

{"title":"Advanced detection methods and machine learning analysis of temporal and spatial patterns of equatorial plasma bubble depth","authors":"Ifeoluwa Adawa ,&nbsp;Yuichi Otsuka ,&nbsp;Moataz Abdelwahab ,&nbsp;Ayman Mahrous","doi":"10.1016/j.jastp.2025.106495","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jastp.2025.106495","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Strong plasma density depletions, particularly across broader longitudinal areas with consecutive depletion trains, are challenging to analyse using simple polynomial fitting or moving average techniques for detrending. This study presents a double threshold approach, combining the “Bubble Index” and the “Rolling Barrel Technique,” to detect the depth of plasma irregularities. The proposed method is promising in EPB characterization and depth estimation. We validated the result from our method by analysing the temporal, seasonal, and longitudinal characteristics of Equatorial Plasma Bubbles (EPBs) using data for solar cycle 24 from the Communication/Navigation Outage Forecasting System (C/NOFS), covering about 8 years (August 2008–November 2015). Our Machine Learning (ML) prediction results show that XGBoost outperforms other approaches (Random Forest and LSTM), achieving skill, association, and root mean square error scores of 0.78, 0.88, and 0.14, respectively. Climatological verifications of our analysis show that most EPB events are concentrated between −70° and −30° longitude in the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA). The depth magnitude of EPBs is inversely proportional to altitude, with shallower depths observed during solar minimum and deeper depths during periods of moderate solar activity. Postsunset bubbles are quite deeper, especially between 19:00 LT and 21:00 LT, having significantly deeper magnitude during equinoxes and shallowest in summer, particularly over South America. As the satellite's apex lowered, the depths of postsunset and postmidnight EPB became nearly equal, highlighting the importance of observation altitude. Analysing EPB depth variation with location and time will enhance understanding of EPB dynamics by identifying how seasonal and solar activity influences EPB formation patterns. These findings will further aid in developing improved ionospheric models for space weather forecasting.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15096,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics","volume":"270 ","pages":"Article 106495"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143704502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing climate variability and trends in global solar radiation over Saudi Arabia using the CLARA-A3 dataset","authors":"Ahmad E. Samman ,&nbsp;Mostafa Morsy ,&nbsp;Abdallah Abdaldym ,&nbsp;Heshmat Abdel Basset","doi":"10.1016/j.jastp.2025.106486","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jastp.2025.106486","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The spatio-temporal distribution of global solar radiation (GSR) is essential for the effective integration of photovoltaic (PV) energy systems. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the long-term trend, variation, fluctuation, and abrupt changes of the GSR over Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). The observed GSR data from World Radiation Data Center (WRDC) were used to evaluate the gridded 0.25° × 0.25° CLARA-A3 dataset at the available five stations. The GSR data at another 10 stations from the CLARA-A3 dataset covering the different climatic regions in KSA during the period from 1979 to 2023 were extracted to facilitate the analysis and interpretation of GSR. The results showed that, CLARA-A3 produced high accuracy and reliability GSR data over KSA. Also, the monthly GSR ranges from 140 to 240 W/m² as minimum during winter and from 280 to 340 W/m² as maximum during summer. The coefficient of variation (CV) gradient, both annual and seasonal, varies from around 0.5 %–6 %, with the highest gradient occurring in the mountainous regions in southwestern KSA. Furthermore, the GSR has a positive Mann-Kendall (MK) trend during spring, followed by winter and annual trends, whereas a negative MK trend is detected during summer. The climatological variability of annual GSR behavior, analyzed using Gaussian and binomial low-pass filters, indicates a positive trend at the majority of stations. Finally, the first positive abrupt change in GSR values at all stations is found in 1999 and 2001, while the negative abrupt change was detected in 1992 at only three stations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15096,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics","volume":"270 ","pages":"Article 106486"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143620153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatiotemporal distribution of PM2.5 concentrations in Shaanxi Province, China, and its responses to land use changes and meteorological factors","authors":"Yu Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.jastp.2025.106494","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jastp.2025.106494","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the spatiotemporal patterns and factors influencing PM_2.5 concentrations is crucial for implementing effective pollution control measures. In this study, we used a gridded dataset of annal PM_2.5 concentrations, together with meteorological and land cover data from 2000 to 2020, to analyze the spatial‒temporal patterns of PM_2.5 concentrations and their responses to land use changes and meteorological factors in Shaanxi Province, China. Trend analysis was employed to identify overall temporal patterns, a random forest (RF) was used to evaluate the importance of influencing factors, and the geographically weighted regression (GWR) method was applied to assess spatial heterogeneity and local effects. The annual PM_2.5 concentration decreased by 43.52 % from 2000 to 2020, with higher concentrations in the central region and lower concentrations in the southern and northern areas. The PM_2.5 concentration was negatively correlated with the interconversion of forests and grasslands and positively correlated with conversions among croplands, impervious surfaces, and water bodies. The RF regression results indicated that croplands, impervious surfaces, and their mutual interconversions exerted a greater impact on PM_2.5 concentrations than did the other land use types. The GWR analysis results revealed that the factors influencing PM_2.5 concentration, in descending order of importance, were as follows: wind speed, precipitation, relative humidity, temperature, sunshine duration, atmospheric pressure, conversion of impervious surfaces to cropland, conversion of cropland to impervious surfaces, unconverted cropland, and unconverted impervious surfaces.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15096,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics","volume":"270 ","pages":"Article 106494"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143636740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of adiabatic cooling and warming in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere","authors":"Jia Yue ,&nbsp;Ningchao Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jastp.2025.106492","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jastp.2025.106492","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The adiabatic cooling and warming in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) are estimated utilizing the Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) measured CO₂ volume mixing ratio (VMR) vertical displacement from the global mean CO₂ VMR. This work confirms that the summer mesopause temperature is largely controlled by adiabatic cooling instead of any absorptive heating or chemical heating. The paper also reveals a previously overlooked layer of adiabatic warming in summer and adiabatic cooling in winter in the lower thermosphere, being driven by downwelling and upwelling associated with the winter-to-summer circulation. Since this adiabatic warming/cooling process is embedded in the thermosphere where the mean temperature rises sharply, it is not as distinct without removing the global mean temperature. The mesospheric temperature is the opposite, being lacking of strong heating sources. The heating anomaly (∼100 K) in the summer lower thermosphere is substantial. Because auroral heating also occurs in the geomagnetic polar lower thermosphere, the interaction between the adiabatic warming/cooling in the lower thermosphere and auroral heating should be considered in future studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15096,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics","volume":"269 ","pages":"Article 106492"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143578208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Five-years altitude statistics of noctilucent clouds based on multi-site wide-field camera survey","authors":"Oleg S. Ugolnikov ,&nbsp;Nikolay N. Pertsev ,&nbsp;Vladimir I. Perminov ,&nbsp;Ilya S. Yankovsky ,&nbsp;Dmitry N. Aleshin ,&nbsp;Ekaterina N. Tipikina ,&nbsp;Alexander A. Ilyukhin ,&nbsp;Egor O. Ugolnikov ,&nbsp;Stanislav A. Korotkiy ,&nbsp;Olga Yu. Golubeva ,&nbsp;Andrey M. Tatarnikov ,&nbsp;Sergey G. Zheltoukhov ,&nbsp;Alexey V. Popov ,&nbsp;Alexey S. Sushkov ,&nbsp;Egor A. Volkov ,&nbsp;Natalya S. Krapkina ,&nbsp;Damir I. Yalyshev","doi":"10.1016/j.jastp.2025.106491","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jastp.2025.106491","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The results of simultaneous measurements of noctilucent clouds (NLC) position in a number of ground-based locations are presented. Observational data of 14 bright NLC events over 5 years is used for building the altitude maps of the cloud fields using the triangulation technique updated for multi-location case. The statistical distribution of NLC altitude and its change during the summer season is considered. Mean NLC altitudes are compared with estimations by colorimetric technique based on the same data and simple radiation transfer model. This can be used to check the model and estimate the accuracy of single-camera technique of NLC altitude measurements. Clouds appear in the altitude range from 79 to 84 km, the average height of NLC is found to be 81.4 km, while the mean brightness-weighted altitude is 0.5 km below this. The brightest clouds are observed near 80 km, where the ice particles can reach the maximal size. Possible effects of the increased height of NLC during the beginning of summer (June) and maximal solar activity (2024) are noted. Results and methods are suggested for the net ground-based survey of noctilucent clouds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15096,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics","volume":"269 ","pages":"Article 106491"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143578207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is the variability of ENSO due to frequency modulation by the long term variation in solar activity?","authors":"Ian Edmonds ,&nbsp;Peter Killen","doi":"10.1016/j.jastp.2025.106490","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jastp.2025.106490","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The spectral content of the El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is broad and complex, a characteristic shared by other climate variables. Spectral analysis of ENSO in different time intervals demonstrated that ENSO is frequency modulated. An analytical model in which the natural period of ENSO is frequency modulated by long term centennial range variation in solar activity was developed and shown to correlate well with the observed ENSO and reconstructed ENSO variation in the decadal periodicity range. A method for identifying the occurrence and the period of frequency modulation in climate variables was developed and tested.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15096,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics","volume":"269 ","pages":"Article 106490"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143577577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal responses of phase scintillation from ground stations during geomagnetic storms","authors":"Agegnehu Sisay ,&nbsp;Tsegaye Kassa","doi":"10.1016/j.jastp.2025.106452","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jastp.2025.106452","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study analyzed the longitudinal variations of phase scintillation over United States (AB21 and AC66), Canada (UCLU, CAGS, ESCU, and STJO), Germany (HUEG and WTZZ), Ukraine (UZHL), Kazakhstan (KRTU), and Russia (BADG) sectors as the result of the intense geomagnetic storms of March 2015, June 2015, and December 2015 during solar cycle 24. Ground-based Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers, solar wind speed and magnetic (IMF Bz and Dst) data are used for this study. Total Electron Content (TEC) was used to derive the ionospheric phase scintillation/irregularities proxy indices, e.g., rate of change of TEC (ROT) and ROT index (ROTI).These indices were characterized alongside with the Disturbance Storm Time (Dst), Solar Wind Speed (Vsw), and Z component of Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF Bz) to see the effect of geomagnetic storm on horizontal component of geomagnetic field. Prompt Penetration of Electric Field (PPEF) modulated the behavior of irregularities during the initial and recovery phases of the geomagnetic storms (Demelash and Kassa, 2023). As a result, irregularities in the ionosphere over Canada, Germany, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, and Russia were found to range from weak to moderate in intensity. Regions in the United States, however, ranged between weak and strong. These phase scintillation generally occurred during the initial, main, and recovery phases of the storms at all selected stations. The effect of electric field was found to depend on the local time at which the IMF Bz turned into southward. The generation (inhibition) of phase scintillation is related to the effect of eastward (west-ward) storm time electric field disturbance dynamo electric fields and prompt penetration electric fields that created favorable (unfavorable) conditions for the generation of irregularities by uplifting (lowering) the F region. These findings highlight the presence of phase scintillation and fluctuations during different phases of geomagnetic storms, with varying intensities and durations across multiple locations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15096,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics","volume":"269 ","pages":"Article 106452"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143562554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aerosol Optical Properties and its radiative effects over two topographically different locations of the Indian Himalayan Region","authors":"Archana Bawari ,&nbsp;Jagdish Chandra Kuniyal ,&nbsp;Sheetal Chaudhary ,&nbsp;Renu Lata ,&nbsp;Bimal Pande","doi":"10.1016/j.jastp.2025.106487","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jastp.2025.106487","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates aerosol characteristics using ground-based measurements at two distinct regions, Mohal-Kullu (31.9°N, 77.12°E; 1154 m amsl) and Kosi-Katarmal (29.64°N, 79.62°E; 1225 m amsl), from July 2019 to June 2022. The average Black Carbon (BC) concentrations were 1.5 ± 1.0 μg m⁻³ at Mohal and 1.1 ± 1.4 μg m⁻³ at Katarmal. BC showed strong seasonal variability, with maxima during post-monsoon (2.6 ± 1.0 μg m⁻³) and pre-monsoon (1.8 ± 0.5 μg m⁻³) seasons. The diurnal variation displayed distinct morning and evening peaks in all the seasons. High pre-monsoon AOD₅₀₀ (0.30 ± 0.06 to 0.54 ± 0.08) and low values of Ångström exponent (0.67 ± 0.10 to 0.95 ± 0.30) indicated dominance of large particles, whereas lower AOD₅₀₀ (0.21 ± 0.07 to 0.25 ± 0.03) in post-monsoon and winter, along with larger Ångström exponent (1.05 ± 0.74 to 1.13 ± 0.11), indicated smaller particles. Satellite-derived (OMI and MAIAC) AOD₅₀₀ showed weak to moderate correlation with ground-based measurements at Mohal (R = 0.4639 for MAIAC, R = 0.1402 for OMI) and Katarmal (R = 0.3976 for MAIAC, R = 0.2980 for OMI). Using optical properties of aerosols and clouds (OPAC) and Santa Barbara discrete ordinate radiative transfer (SBDART) models, the short-wave aerosol radiative forcing (SWARF) was found negative at the surface and top of the atmosphere but positive in the atmosphere, suggesting significant surface cooling and atmospheric warming leading to high heating rates, respectively. Annual mean atmospheric radiative forcing was 27.36 ± 6.00 Wm⁻² at Mohal and 21.87 ± 7.26 Wm⁻² at Katarmal. These findings may have consequences for planning air pollution strategies and understanding the effects of regional climate change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15096,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics","volume":"269 ","pages":"Article 106487"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143550776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of solar wind parameters on geomagnetic activity during the main phase of strong magnetic storms","authors":"R.N. Boroyev","doi":"10.1016/j.jastp.2025.106485","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jastp.2025.106485","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The relationship between the mean values of auroral activity indices and SW parameters during the periods of strong magnetic storms (|Dst_min| = 100 ± 10 nT) induced by SW different types is studied. 24 magnetic storms induced by (6) Sheath, (9) CIR, and (9) ICME events are selected for the period 1990–2020. It is shown that the against the background of the dependence of the auroral activity indices (AE, Kp and SME) on the SW electric field, the value of AE, Kp and SME indices is impacted by the IMF σВ. The geomagnetic indices increase with growth of the IMF σB magnitude. It is found that Sheath events have high geomagnetic index values in contrast to CIR and ICME. The SW type determines the relationship between geomagnetic indices and IMF σВ. The coefficient of correlation between IMF σB and Pd for Sheath (r = 0.65) has a close value with the correlation coefficients for the CIR and ICME events.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15096,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics","volume":"269 ","pages":"Article 106485"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143550775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A model to estimate energy deposition within the geomagnetosphere using Dst as a proxy for the Akasofu ϵ parameter","authors":"M.J. Birch","doi":"10.1016/j.jastp.2025.106480","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jastp.2025.106480","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study compares the energy deposited into the geomagnetosphere by 14 co-rotating interaction regions (CIRs) and 14 interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs), selected from solar cycle 23, and covering a broad range of activity. The energy (<span><math><mi>E</mi></math></span>) is estimated using the Akasofu empirical coupling function and it was found that, on average, the ICMEs deposit about 15 times the energy contributed by the CIRs. The energy correlates very significantly with the peak (most negative) of the hourly <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>D</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>s</mi><mi>t</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> geomagnetic index observed during each event (first order fit, <span><math><mi>ρ</mi></math></span> = -0.94; second order fit, <span><math><mi>ρ</mi></math></span> = -0.97). Two modifications to the Akasofu relation proposed by de Lucas et al. are then incorporated into the energy calculations: the first replaces the radius of the effective area for the dayside magnetopause with a value which is a function of the solar wind ram pressure, and the second takes into account the dynamic pressure of the solar wind itself. As a result, <span><math><mi>ρ</mi></math></span> strengthens for the first order fit to -0.96, but weakens slightly for the second to -0.96, though all these correlations are highly significant. An empirical model is proposed of the form <span><math><mrow><mi>E</mi><mo>=</mo><mi>f</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><msub><mrow><mi>D</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>s</mi><mi>t</mi></mrow></msub><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span>, for which regression equations, correlation coefficients, standard errors and 1<span><math><mi>σ</mi></math></span> uncertainties are provided for both first and second order fits. The model provides an estimate of the energy deposited into the magnetosphere by solar particle events, using ground-based measurements, without recourse to in-situ measurements of the solar wind which are prone to data gaps during very energetic events.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15096,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics","volume":"270 ","pages":"Article 106480"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143601678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}