Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Comparative Histological Characterization of the Venom Apparatus in Five Iranian Scorpion Species.","authors":"Parisa Soltan-Alinejad, Hossein Kargar-Jahromi, Fatemeh Karimi, Kourosh Azizi","doi":"10.18502/jad.v19i2.20193","DOIUrl":"10.18502/jad.v19i2.20193","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Scorpion envenomation represents a significant public health concern worldwide. The telson is located at the distal part of the metasoma, where venom is secreted from a pair of venom glands. The curved stinger is responsible for venom delivery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study conducted a histological examination of five scorpion species, including <i>Hottentotta juliae</i>, <i>Hottentotta zagrosensis</i>, <i>Odontobuthus kermanus</i>, and <i>Scorpio maurus</i>, which were gathered from Fars Province, as well as <i>Hemiscorpius lepturus</i>, collected from Khuzestan Province. The telson histology was assessed using the hematoxylin-eosin method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The exocuticle, endocuticle, and secretory epithelium, which consists of secretory and supporting cells, were identified in the tissues of all species. Cuticle pores were distributed throughout the telson. Each venom gland possesses a central lumen, where secreted venom accumulates within a venom sac. The intercalated tendon is located beneath the basal membrane and connects the glandular epithelium to the cuticle. The sizes and shapes of the secretory epithelial cells vary depending on the species.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While histology elucidates the structural organization of scorpion venom glands, integrating histological findings with proteomic and histochemical approaches would provide a more comprehensive understanding of venom composition and interspecific variation.</p>","PeriodicalId":15095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases","volume":"19 2","pages":"147-156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12780825/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145951990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Clinical Characteristics of Scabies among Patients in Eastern Iran: A Study in Gonabad City, 2024.","authors":"Tooran Nayeri, Kiana Yahyaei, Nasim Khajavian, Mohammad Hassan Minooeianhaghighi, Hamideh Mohammadzadeh, Hossein Pazoki","doi":"10.18502/jad.v19i2.20198","DOIUrl":"10.18502/jad.v19i2.20198","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Scabies, caused by <i>Sarcoptes scabiei</i>, is common in Iran; however, epidemiological data from Gonabad City are scarce. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the prevalence of scabies in patients referred to the dermatology clinic of Allameh Bohlool Gonabadi Hospital in Gonabad City and to investigate its associated risk factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional analysis was conducted in 2024 on 734 patients presenting with pruritic eruptions and itchy rashes. The diagnosis of scabies was confirmed in 98 patients by identifying <i>S. scabiei</i> mites, eggs, or fecal pellets through light microscopic examination of skin scrapings. Data from these confirmed cases were analyzed using SPSS v.25 to describe their characteristics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 734 patients screened, 98 were confirmed to have scabies (13.4%). Analysis of these 98 cases revealed that the majority were female (64.3%, 63/98). The highest frequency of cases was observed in individuals aged 16 years and younger. Assessment of clinical presentation revealed that 55.1% (54/98) of cases presented with moderate lesions. A high proportion of cases were also among women, people with low levels of education and unemployed people.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study identified a total of 98 scabies cases among 734 patients screened in Gonabad City. The infestation was significantly associated with being female, having a lower level of education, and unemployment. These findings highlight a distinct epidemiological pattern of scabies in this underserved region and underscore the need for targeted community screening and health education, particularly among the affected demographic groups. Further analytical studies are needed to confirm true risk factors at the population level.</p>","PeriodicalId":15095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases","volume":"19 2","pages":"157-164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12780817/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145952051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laboratory Evaluation of Synthetic Attractants for <i>Anopheles stephensi</i> Using High-Throughput Screening: A Step Towards Development of Mosquito Traps.","authors":"Mohammad Nasrabadi, Mohammad Reza Abolghasemi-Dehaqani, Hassan Vatandoost, Mohammad Mehdi Sedaghat, Amrollah Azarm, Seyed Hassan Moosa-Kazemi Mohammadi","doi":"10.18502/jad.v19i2.20190","DOIUrl":"10.18502/jad.v19i2.20190","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diseases such as malaria are transmitted by <i>Anopheles</i> species, among which <i>Anopheles stephensi</i> is one of the most important malaria vectors in Iran. Reducing the transmission of mosquito-borne diseases depends on controlling the mosquito vector or minimizing human-vector contact. A promising method for control, surveillance, and monitoring involves using synthetic attractants in traps to target vectors. This study aims to determine the effective dose of octenol, isovaleric acid, lactic acid, hexanoic acid, isoamyl alcohol, myristic acid, and ammonium hydrogen bicarbonate using the high-throughput screening system (HTSS) device in the laboratory.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>After rearing <i>An. stephensi</i> in the insectary, High-Throughput Screening System (HTSS) assay was used to obtain the 50% and 90% effective dose (ED) of the attractive compounds. Probit analysis was used to analyze the results and prepare the regression lines of ED₅₀ and ED₉₀.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study showed that <i>An. stephensi</i> had the highest absorption to isoamyl alcohol (ED₅₀= 0.57 mL/L, ED₉₀= 1.04 mL/L), followed by isovaleric acid (ED₅₀= 1.96 mL/L, ED₉₀= 3.00 mL/L), myristic acid (ED₅₀= 24.77 g/L, ED₉₀= 47.08 g/L), octenol (ED₅₀= 26.64 mL/L, ED₉₀= 54.36 mL/L) and lactic acid (ED₅₀= 54.98 mL/L, ED₉₀= 132.9 mL/L), while hexanoic acid (ED₅₀= 87.50 mL/L, ED₉₀= 244.49 mL/L) per liter and ammonium hydrogen bicarbonate (ED₅₀= 93.84 g/L, ED₉₀= 234.01 g/L) showed the lowest absorption rate.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our laboratory results identified isoamyl alcohol and isovaleric acid as highly effective attractants for <i>An. stephensi</i>. These compounds are strong candidates for inclusion in field-deployable traps after further validation.</p>","PeriodicalId":15095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases","volume":"19 2","pages":"113-124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12780821/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145952104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Rapid Assessment of Larval Habitats of Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in Aqqala County of Golestan Province, Northeastern Iran, Following the 2019 Flood.","authors":"Aioub Sofizadeh, Shahyad Azari-Hamidian, Ehsan Allah Kalteh, Shahin Izadi","doi":"10.18502/jad.v19i2.20192","DOIUrl":"10.18502/jad.v19i2.20192","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) are the most important arthropods in public health. Larval habitat features play an important role in their selection by female mosquitoes for oviposition. The purpose of this study was to determine the oviposition sites of mosquitoes in Aqqala County of Golestan Province following the flood of 2019.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two categories of larval habitats were defined: those that naturally occurred and those that were a result of flooding. Samples were collected using dippers with a 350 ml capacity. The collected larvae were preserved in lactophenol solution. Microscope slides were prepared using Berlese medium. The specimens were morphologically identified. Larval habitat characteristics were recorded according to the habitat situation (permanent/temporary, running/stagnant), vegetation situation, sunlight situation, substrate type, water situation (turbid/clear) and habitat type (natural/artificial).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 774 third- and fourth-instar mosquito larvae were collected from different larval habitats not affected by the flood, including seven species representing four genera. <i>Culex pusillus</i> was the dominant species (41.2%). The larvae of <i>Aedes caspius</i>, <i>Cx. pipiens</i>, <i>Cx. theileri</i>, <i>Culiseta longiareolata</i> and <i>Uranotaenia unguiculata</i> were collected only from artificial habitats, 96.9% of <i>Cx. tritaeniorhynchus</i> larvae from artificial habitats and 78.7% of <i>Cx. pusillus</i> larvae from natural habitats. No larvae were collected from the larval habitats affected by the flood.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Field observations suggested that the flushing of natural larval habitats may cause such a decrease in larval population in the habitats affected by the flood. The presence of the larvivorous fish <i>Gambusia holbrooki</i> may also be taken into consideration.</p>","PeriodicalId":15095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases","volume":"19 2","pages":"138-146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12780818/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145951949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microfilaria: A Silent Accomplice in a Patient of Dengue Fever.","authors":"Mani Bhushan Kumar, Nidhi Singla, Manharpreet Kaur, Sarabmeet Singh Lehl, Jagdish Chander","doi":"10.18502/jad.v19i2.20197","DOIUrl":"10.18502/jad.v19i2.20197","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases","volume":"19 2","pages":"183-184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12780820/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145952032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the Impact of Herbal Shampoo with Gharaghorot, Vinegar, and Ajwain against Head Lice.","authors":"Zohreh Akhoundi-Meybodi, Robab Khesadeh, Hadi Zare-Zardini","doi":"10.18502/jad.v19i1.19991","DOIUrl":"10.18502/jad.v19i1.19991","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study evaluates a herbal shampoo containing Gharaghorot, vinegar, and Ajwain for managing head lice, particularly in resource-limited settings.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The herbal shampoo formulation constituted 100% final solution, composed of: 28.85% Gharaghorot extract (prepared from sour yogurt juice), 67.31% apple cider vinegar, 2.88% Ajwain (<i>Trachyspermum ammi</i>) essential oil, and 0.96% xanthan gum (a biocompatible thickening agent). Cell toxicity and sterility were assessed using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and fluid thioglycollate and soybean casein digest media, respectively. Irritation and sensitization tests were conducted on rabbits and guinea pigs, respectively. A randomized controlled trial with 114 patients compared the herbal shampoo to standard Permethrin treatment (Permethrin shampoo 1%). Participants applied the shampoo daily for one hour over seven days, with efficacy evaluated by counting live lice and nits before treatment, three days in, and seven days post-treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The herbal shampoo exhibited no significant cytotoxicity at concentrations of 10% or lower. The shampoo did not cause sensitization, edema, or erythema. Microbial contamination analysis showed no detectable levels of aerobic or anaerobic bacteria or fungal spores. In the human study, the intervention group showed a 0% prevalence of live lice by the seventh day, compared to 50% in the permethrin group (P= 0.021), and a significant reduction in lice eggs to 42% versus 100% in the permethrin group (P= 0.025).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The herbal shampoo demonstrated safety, microbiological purity, and notable efficacy in reducing live head lice and partial effectiveness against nits (42% egg viability post-treatment).</p>","PeriodicalId":15095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases","volume":"19 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12630050/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145587479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobials Resistance Profiling and Clonal Lineages of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Isolated from Cockroaches in University-Affiliated Hospitals, 2023.","authors":"Mohsen Karami, Mehdi Safari, Yasin Saberi, Seyedeh Zohre Mirbagheri, Mehrdad Halaji, Jalal Jafarzadeh, Abazar Pournajaf","doi":"10.18502/jad.v19i1.19997","DOIUrl":"10.18502/jad.v19i1.19997","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cockroaches, recognized as mechanical vectors, play a crucial role in transmitting microbial pathogens. <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (<i>S. aureus</i>), particularly antibiotic-resistant strains, poses a significant threat as a nosocomial pathogen. This study aimed to investigate the resistance profiles to gentamicin, vancomycin, and antiseptics in <i>S. aureus</i> strains isolated from cockroaches in hospitals affiliated with Babol University of Medical Sciences.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, 60 <i>S. aureus</i> strains were isolated from 376 cockroaches in three university-affiliated hospitals. Antibiotic susceptibility to gentamicin and vancomycin was tested by disk diffusion and agar dilution. PCR was used to detect resistance and antiseptic genes, and MLVA typing determined the genetic relatedness of resistant isolates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 60 bacterial isolates, 46.7% (28) displayed resistance to gentamicin. The frequencies of aminoglycoside resistance coding genes (<i>AMEs</i>) for the <i>aac</i>(6')<i>-Ie+aph</i>(2″), <i>ant</i>(4')<i>-Ia</i>, <i>aph</i>(3')<i>-IIIa</i> and <i>ant</i>(6)<i>-Ia</i> genes were 64.3%, 42.8%, 17.8%, and 46.4%, respectively. Only 3.3% (2 isolates) exhibited vancomycin resistance, with one isolate (1.7%) carrying the <i>vanA</i> gene. The frequencies of genes encoding the antiseptic resistance genes <i>qacA/B</i>, <i>qacC</i>, <i>qacD</i>, <i>psmA</i>, <i>sasX,</i> and <i>smr</i> were 5%, 20%, 18.3%, 26.4%, 1.2%, and 31.7%, respectively. Analysis of <i>agr</i> gene types showed that <i>agr type I</i> was the most prevalent. In addition, the multiple-locus variable number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA) identified 29 unique type sequences among the identified antibiotic-resistant isolates.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The high genetic diversity among antibiotic-resistant <i>S. aureus</i> isolates, as revealed by MLVA, underscores the importance of controlling hospital cockroach populations to curb the spread of antibiotic resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":15095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases","volume":"19 1","pages":"71-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12630053/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145587507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate Matters: Integrating Bioclimatology into Dengue Vector Control within the One Health Framework.","authors":"I Made Dwi Mertha Adnyana, Budi Utomo, Sulistiawati Sulistiawati, Ronald Pratama Adiwinoto, Ni Luh Gede Sudaryati","doi":"10.18502/jad.v19i1.19999","DOIUrl":"10.18502/jad.v19i1.19999","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases","volume":"19 1","pages":"93-98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12630052/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145587517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Effectiveness of Chlorophacinone in Managing Urban Rat Infestation: A Laboratory Study on the Norway Rat, <i>Rattus norvegicus</i>, a Common Urban Rat in Malaysia.","authors":"Ariff Ateed Mohd-Noh, Yusdayati Rashid, Dzulhelmi Muhammad-Nasir, Cik Mohd Rizuan Zainal-Abidin","doi":"10.18502/jad.v19i1.19996","DOIUrl":"10.18502/jad.v19i1.19996","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Rat populations in urban areas must be monitored and controlled, as they can transmit zoonotic diseases and pose a risk to human health. Certain urban rat species may not respond well to some of the rodenticides available on the market. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the efficacy of chlorophacinone in controlling urban rats in a laboratory setting.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Chlorophacinone, the primary focus of this study, was compared to a commonly used first-generation anticoagulant rodenticide (FGAR) available in the urban market, namely Coumatetralyl. Rat specimens were trapped in Kuantan, Pahang, and the dominant species was identified as <i>Rattus norvegicus</i>.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, chlorophacinone demonstrated nearly complete mortality (95%) within an average of eight days post-feeding, followed by coumatetralyl, which exhibited high mortality (85%) within an average of seven days post-feeding. The rats in the chlorophacinone group consumed significantly lower dosages than those in the coumatetralyl group. This was due to variations in the default concentrations of the active ingredient of both treatments. Nevertheless, rats in the chlorophacinone treatment still experienced a higher mortality rate compared to coumatetralyl, despite consuming a lower dosage.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Consequently, this finding suggests that <i>R. norvegicus</i> is more susceptible to chlorophacinone than coumatetralyl. This underscores the potential of chlorophacinone as an effective rodenticide for controlling rat infestations in urban areas throughout Malaysia.</p>","PeriodicalId":15095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases","volume":"19 1","pages":"62-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12630056/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145587540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the Larvicidal and Repellency of Extracts and Silver Nanoparticles Biosynthesized with <i>Zataria multiflora</i> (Shirazi Thyme) against <i>Anopheles stephensi</i>.","authors":"Asghar Yadollahi, Aboozar Soltani, Ahmad Gholami, Azim Paksa, Kourosh Azizi","doi":"10.18502/jad.v19i1.19992","DOIUrl":"10.18502/jad.v19i1.19992","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Mosquitoes transmit several diseases to humans. New and environmentally safe methods are needed to control mosquito populations effectively. This study aimed to evaluate the larvicidal and repellent properties of extracts and silver nanoparticles synthesized from <i>Zataria multiflora</i> (Shirazi thyme).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To determine the larvicidal and repellent properties of <i>Z. multiflora</i>, we tested different concentrations of synthesized silver nanoparticles and crude extract against this malaria vector.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The crude extract exhibited weak larvicidal activity, with an LC₅₀ of 616.52 μg/mL and an LC₉₀ of 1109.74 μg/mL. However, the synthesized silver nanoparticles are highly active on the larvae of <i>Anopheles stephensi</i>, with an LC₅₀ at 51.07 μg/mL and an LC₉₀ at 119.04 μg/mL. Both the crude extract (ED₅₀: 0.00031 μg/cm²; ED₉₀: 0.0018 μg/cm²) and silver nanoparticles (ED₅₀: 0.000072 μg/cm²; ED₉₀: 0.00048 μg/cm²) demonstrated significant repellent activity. Particle size analysis revealed a range of 24.56 to 63.76 nanometers, with an average size of 52.7 nanometers.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study showed that <i>Z. multiflora</i> silver nanoparticles have significant larvicidal properties, so they are suggested as a nature-friendly larvicide.</p>","PeriodicalId":15095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases","volume":"19 1","pages":"12-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12630055/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145587488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}