Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Entomological Surveillance System for Invasive <i>Aedes</i> Mosquitoes at Points of Entry in West Azerbaijan Province: Strengths and Weaknesses.","authors":"Samira Firooziyan, Ahmad Ali Enayati, Mohammad Mehdi Sedaghat","doi":"10.18502/jad.v19i1.19993","DOIUrl":"10.18502/jad.v19i1.19993","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Global trade and travel are key factors affecting the initial introduction of vectors and VBDs (vector-borne diseases) in a country. Vectors know no borders; it is essential to establish systems for the surveillance of vectors and vector-borne diseases (VBDs). This study was conducted to investigate the strengths and weaknesses of a newly established entomological surveillance system for <i>Aedes</i> mosquitoes at points of entry (PoE) in West Azerbaijan Province.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The <i>Aedes</i> surveillance system was implemented in West Azerbaijan Province from 2019 to 2023. Following national guidelines, <i>Aedes</i> eggs and larvae were surveyed at eight international PoEs using ovitraps and by collecting larvae from natural or artificial habitats. A specific checklist designed for this study was employed to evaluate the program.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over 9008 ovitraps were deployed, while 552 had eggs, including species from the families Phasmatidae and Psychodidae, as well as species from the genus <i>Culex</i> and <i>Aedes caspius</i>. Additionally, 506 larvae were collected during the surveillance period. The program had several key strengths, including a well-structured reporting system, robust technical support, knowledgeable personnel, designated health staff spaces at PoE, standardized surveillance tools, initiatives for environmental enhancement, the establishment of an entomology laboratory, cross-border collaborations, and public health education campaigns. Identified weaknesses comprised staff and entomologist shortages, the absence of a functional insectary, limited engagement of volunteer groups, and inadequate availability of insecticides and tools for emergency vector control.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study outcomes shed light on the challenges and suggest operational and practical solutions to address the identified shortcomings.</p>","PeriodicalId":15095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases","volume":"19 1","pages":"24-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12630049/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145587523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Species Composition of Phlebotominae Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in Mashhad City, an Endemic Focus of Anthroponotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis, Northeastern Iran.","authors":"Fatemeh Shahidi-Hakak, Alireza Zahraei-Ramazani, Amrollah Azarm, Mohammad Motaharinezhad, Hossein Abbassian","doi":"10.18502/jad.v19i1.19995","DOIUrl":"10.18502/jad.v19i1.19995","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Phlebotomine sand flies are the primary vectors of cutaneous leishmaniasis. We conducted a field survey and comprehensive literature review to investigate the species composition and bionomics of sand flies in Mashhad, a major pilgrimage and tourist city in northeastern Iran. This location is critical due to its high population mobility, which can influence disease dynamics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sand flies were collected monthly from spring to winter 2022 using sticky paper traps at 108 sites across Mashhad's diverse ecological zones. Species were identified, and population densities were calculated. Climatic data for 2022 were sourced from the Mashhad Meteorological Station. Using SPSS version 26, we employed ANOVA to compare seasonal species densities and Pearson correlation to analyses relationships between climatic parameters and sand fly abundance.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>A total of 3,270 sand fly specimens were collected, representing two genera. The majority (98%) belonged to the genus <i>Phlebotomus</i>, while the remaining 2% were classified under <i>Sergentomyia</i>. The identified species and their respective relative abundances were as follows: <i>Ph. sergenti</i> (76.29%), <i>Ph. papatasi</i> (18.53%), <i>Ph. alexandri</i> (1.10%), <i>Ph. ansari</i> (1.00%), <i>Se. sumbarica</i> (1.31%), <i>Ph. caucasicus</i> (0.73%), <i>Ph. major group</i> (0.61%), and <i>Se. sintoni</i> (0.42%). Statistical analysis revealed significant seasonal variations in the abundance and distribution of sand fly species, which were strongly associated with environmental parameters such as temperature, wind speed, and relative humidity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The bionomics, diversity, and population density of sand flies vary across different locations and times, a factor that must be considered in advanced studies, prevention, and control programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":15095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases","volume":"19 1","pages":"51-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12630054/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145587548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Successful Therapeutic Management of Trypanosomosis in a Dog-A Case Report.","authors":"Pradyumna Chakraborty, Sulanki Sarkar, Sudip Das, Bishal Debbarma, Shubhamitra Chaudhuri","doi":"10.18502/jad.v19i1.19998","DOIUrl":"10.18502/jad.v19i1.19998","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Trypanosomosis is one of the most important and deadliest diseases of canines. Usually within 3 to 4 weeks an infected dog dies in the acute form of the disease. The use of inappropriate doses of anti-trypanosomatid drugs in animals leads to the development of huge resistance in the organisms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The present study communicates the successive therapeutic management of clinical trypanosomiasis with five doses of diminazine aceturate injection. One mongrel dog came with the clinical signs of persistent fever, tachycardia, severe dehydration, pale mucous membrane, corneal opacity, prolonged recumbency, and enlargement of superficial lymph nodes. A Giemsa-stained thin blood smear revealed the presence of Trypanosoma organisms. Haematobiochemical parameters revealed lowered total leucocyte count, haemoglobin, total platelet count, serum total protein, and blood glucose levels and elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase, serum creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We observed the animal responded after the third day of post-therapy, and the clinical and haematobiochemical improvement was recorded after twenty days of post-therapy. The corneal opacity completely subsides after 28 days consequently.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>During our study we found that the proper significant dosing of diminazine aceturate can cure the Trypanosomosis in dogs.</p>","PeriodicalId":15095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases","volume":"19 1","pages":"86-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12630051/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145587494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Public Perceptions of Risk Factors for Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in an Endemic Area: A Case-Control Study in the Mehran District, Ilam Province, Southwestern Iran (2022-2023).","authors":"Ali Jalilian, Seyedeh Zahra Parkhideh, Alireza Zahraei-Ramazani, Ali-Ashraf Aivazi, Reza Pakzad, Morteza Akbari, Asadollah Jalali-Galousang, Nasrin Rezaei, Sayena Rafizadeh, Yavar Rassi","doi":"10.18502/jad.v19i1.19994","DOIUrl":"10.18502/jad.v19i1.19994","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) is one of the most prevalent vector-borne diseases. The understanding of the knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding ZCL in Iran has not been thoroughly examined. This investigation focused on the risk factors for ZCL within an endemic region in the Mehran District of Ilam Province.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This case-control study was conducted from 2022 to 2023. Cases (n=372) were selected using the incident case approach from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Similarly, 372 controls were chosen through cluster random sampling from the general population. To measure exposure to various risk factors, a validated, research-developed questionnaire was utilized. Binary logistic regression modelling was employed to assess the association between the development of leishmaniasis and several risk factors. A p-value of 0.05 was set as the threshold for statistical significance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Living near rodent nests or holes (Odds Ratio: 6.51), having bathroom and toilet located outside the house (OR: 5.88), residing close to farms or gardens (OR: 8.26) or specific plants (OR: 6.22), observing a rodent near one's home (OR: 2.66), and the accumulation of building debris near residential areas (OR: 13.03) significantly increased risk of developing cutaneous leishmaniasis. In contrast, the use of insecticides (OR: 0.03) and lotions or other insect repellents (OR: 0.31) significantly decreased the risk of this disease.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The development of ZCL in the Mehran district, Ilam province, southwest Iran, is hindered by inadequate health education and public awareness regarding the disease, as well as insufficient adherence to Iran's care guidelines.</p>","PeriodicalId":15095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases","volume":"19 1","pages":"39-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12630057/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145587574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Methamphetamine on the Development of the Forensically Important Species <i>Lucilia sericata</i> (Diptera: Calliphoridae).","authors":"Seyedeh Zahra Parkhideh, Mehdi Forouzesh, Maryam Akhgari, Kamran Akbarzadeh, Sara Rahimi, Sayena Rafizadeh, Yavar Rassi","doi":"10.18502/jad.v18i4.19341","DOIUrl":"10.18502/jad.v18i4.19341","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Drugs or poisons can affect the larvae's developmental period in cadavers, leading to variations in the post-mortem interval (PMI) calculation. One of the most misused psychostimulant drugs in Asia and North America, Methamphetamine (MA), is commonly involved in forensic entomotoxicological situations. This study investigated the impact of various MA concentrations on the developmental rate, morphology, and behavior of <i>Lucilia sericata</i>.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong><i>Lucilia sericata</i> was maintained at 28 °C and 50±10% humidity in the Calliphoridae breeding laboratory at the School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Chicken liver substrates with varying concentrations of MA (0, 45, 90, and 180 ng/mg) were used to produce <i>L. sericata</i> eggs. Ten samples were randomly selected from each treatment group for morphological analysis, including weight and size measurements, at each sampling stage (every 12 hours up to 300 hours). With a significance level of p< 0.05, the General Linear Model (GLM) Mixed Model ANOVA was used to compare the data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The development time of <i>L. sericata</i> was shown to be changed by Methamphetamine concentrations, which decreased by 24 hours at 90 and 180 ng/mg. Compared to the control group, larvae and pupae lengths decreased by 1.22 and 0.7 mm, respectively, at 180 ng/mg. Additionally, the weight of the larvae and pupae in the concentration mentioned above decreased by 7.52 and 7 mg, respectively, in comparison to the control group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The PMI is estimated incorrectly if the presence of Methamphetamine in the corpse is disregarded.</p>","PeriodicalId":15095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases","volume":"18 4","pages":"356-368"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12477340/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145199522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Evidence of Spotted Fever Group Rickettsiae in Ticks and Fleas Collected from Some Wild and Domestic Animals in Different Biotopes in Algeria.","authors":"Assia Beneldjouzi, Ismail Lafri, Amel Djerbouh, Safia Nekhili, Lydia Hamrioui, Nacer Eddine Messahel, Zoubir Harrat, Naouel Eddaikra, Idir Bitam","doi":"10.18502/jad.v18i4.19339","DOIUrl":"10.18502/jad.v18i4.19339","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Emergent vector-borne diseases have gained significant attention in recent years due to their increasing prevalence and impact on public health. With its vast geographic and ecological diversity, Algeria has limited available data on the distribution and prevalence of neglected vector-borne diseases. This study aimed to inventory hematophagous ectoparasites, including ticks and fleas, collected from domestic and wild animals such as dogs, hedgehogs, cattle, and rodents across diverse biotopes in northwestern Algeria (Mascara, Oran, Tlemcen, Sidi Bel Abbes, Mostaganem, Tiaret, and Ain Temouchent) and southern Algeria (Laghouat).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 984 arthropods, comprising 609 ticks and 375 fleas, were collected from domestic and wild animals. Among these, 193 ticks and 105 fleas underwent molecular screening for <i>Rickettsia</i> spp. using gltA and ompA gene-specific primers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The minimum infection rate (MIR) for <i>Rickettsia</i> spp. was estimated at 6.37%, assuming one positive individual per pool. Quantitative PCR revealed the presence of <i>Rickettsia massiliae</i> in 1/68 (1.47%) of <i>Rhipicephalus sanguineus</i> ticks and <i>Rickettsia felis</i> in 7/48 (14.58%) of <i>Ctenocephalides felis</i> fleas. Additionally, a novel strain of <i>Rickettsia</i> sp. was identified in <i>Rhipicephalus sanguineus</i> and <i>Rhipicephalus turanicus</i>.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study expands the understanding of tick- and flea-borne <i>Rickettsia</i> species in Algeria, highlighting the diverse range of ectoparasite-borne pathogens associated with domestic and wild animals. The findings underscore the importance of continued surveillance and molecular characterization to address the public health risks posed by these pathogens.</p>","PeriodicalId":15095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases","volume":"18 4","pages":"328-345"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12477337/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145199537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organophosphate and Pyrethroid Resistance Status of Invasive <i>Aedes aegypti</i> (Diptera: Culicidae) from Iran.","authors":"Tahereh Sadat Asgarian, Ahmadali Enayati, Seyed Hassan Moosa-Kazemi, Morteza Zaim, Seyed Aghil Jaberhashemi, Zahra Saeidi, Mohammad Ali Oshaghi, Mohammad Mehdi Sedaghat","doi":"10.18502/jad.v18i4.19337","DOIUrl":"10.18502/jad.v18i4.19337","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The growing concerns regarding the recent invasion of <i>Aedes aegypti</i> in Iran and the potential outbreak of dengue fever, chikungunya and Zika viruses in the country highlight the importance of assessing the susceptibility of this vector to different insecticides.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study assessed the resistance status of <i>Ae. aegypti</i> resistance to insecticides such as deltamethrin, permethrin, malathion, and temephos in Bandar Abbas City, Hormozgan Province, Iran. The research followed WHO standard testing procedures for adult mosquitoes. Adult susceptibility tests were conducted using 1X the discriminating concentrations to determine the frequency and status of insecticide resistance. Additionally, 5X and 10X the discriminating concentration were used to evaluate the intensity of resistance. Larval susceptibility to temephos was tested using concentrations of 156.25, 31.25, 6.25, 1.25, and 0.25 mg/l of temephos.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Adults were resistant to all three tested insecticides at WHO-recommended diagnostic concentrations (DCs). In terms of resistance intensity, <i>Ae. aegypti</i> exhibited low-intensity resistance to malathion and deltamethrin, while resistance to permethrin was high-intensity. Dose-response analysis regarding the susceptibility of larvae to temephos showed LC₅₀, LC_90, and LC₉₉ values of 0.013, 0.065, and 0.238 mg/l, respectively. These values indicate resistance when compared to the WHO diagnostic dose for temephos resistance of 0.012 mg/l.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results of this study highlight the need for an urgent strategy to manage resistance to insecticides and strengthen the integrated management program of <i>Ae. aegypti</i>. This fact emphasizes the importance of reducing larval sources and promoting research on alternative methods and products.</p>","PeriodicalId":15095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases","volume":"18 4","pages":"296-310"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12477338/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145199525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expression of <i>Phlebotomus papatasi</i> Salivary Protein 15 (PpSP15) in COS-7 Cells.","authors":"Mahboubeh Fatemi, Fatemeh Ghaffarifar, Elham Gholami, Mehdi Mohebali, Ali Khamesipour, Mohammad Ali Oshaghi, Yavar Rassi, Alireza Zahraei-Ramazani, Amir Ahmad Akhavan","doi":"10.18502/jad.v18i4.19340","DOIUrl":"10.18502/jad.v18i4.19340","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a neglected tropical infection and the most prevalent vector-borne disease in Iran. There is no approved human vaccine and current treatments are restricted; some drugs are expensive and have notable side effects. Therefore, the need for the development of a safe and effective vaccine that can be produced at a low cost remains urgent. It has been shown that vaccinating animals with salivary gland homogenate or saliva components of sand flies protected against <i>Leishmania</i> infection. In this study, we aimed to prepare a mammalian expression vector encoding <i>Phlebotomus papatasi</i> salivary protein 15 (PpSP15) intended to be used as a DNA vaccine in our forthcoming studies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, we designed and constructed pcDNA3. 1, a constitutive mammalian expression vector, to encode the immunogenic protein PpSP15. The presence of the target gene was confirmed by enzymatic digestion and sequencing. The mammalian COS-7 cells were transfected with the pcDNA3.1 vector and the expression of PpSP15 protein was then examined in the cell line using Western Blotting analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Restriction enzyme digestion and sequencing revealed the correctly constructed pcDNA3.1-PpSP15. After the transfection of the COS-7 cell line with pcDNA3.1-PpSP15 using Linear Polyethylenimine, the PpSP15 protein expression was confirmed by western blot analysis using anti-His antibody.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A high expression level of PpSP15 protein in COS-7 cells was achieved after the transfection of COS-7 cells, using cationic Linear Polyethylenimine. In subsequent research, this recombinant plasmid is supposed to be utilized as a candidate DNA vaccine to find its immunity induction in susceptible animal models.</p>","PeriodicalId":15095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases","volume":"18 4","pages":"346-355"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12477343/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145199508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Different Lunar Phases on Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) Biodiversity in an Important Focus of Leishmaniasis, Southeast Iran.","authors":"Saideh Yousefi, Madineh Abbasi, Reza Sadeghi, Mozafar Vahedi, Parniya Abolghaseminejad, Amir Ahmad Akhavan, Ali Reza Zahraei-Ramazani","doi":"10.18502/jad.v18i4.19343","DOIUrl":"10.18502/jad.v18i4.19343","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) caused by <i>Leishmania tropica</i> is endemic in most parts of Iran; however, its vector ecology has not been extensively studied. This study investigates the effects of lunar phases and climatic factors on the biodiversity and frequency of sand flies in various biotopes, with and without artificial light.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sand flies were collected using sticky paper traps in four lunar phases (new moon, first quarter, full moon, and last quarter). Alpha and beta diversity indices were calculated using the relevant formulas. Poisson regression analysis was used to study the relationship between lunar phases and climatic factors with the sand fly frequency.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In places with artificial light, the highest richness was observed in the new moon and the first quarter (S= 7), and the highest species evenness and Shannon-Wiener indices were observed in the last quarter (E= 0.464, H= 0.832) phases. But in areas without artificial light, the maximum value of richness was in the first quarter and full moon (S= 9), and the highest value of evenness and Shannon-Wiener was in the first quarter (E= 0.748, H= 1.645). Non-parametric tests revealed that among climatic factors, only wind speed exhibited a significant correlation with sand fly frequency.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The highest diversity in biotopes with and without artificial light was observed in the last quarter and first quarter, respectively, and also, wind speed influenced the frequency and diversity of sand flies in different habitats, so in sand fly surveillance, it is crucial to consider these important factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":15095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases","volume":"18 4","pages":"381-393"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12477344/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145199501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Medical Students about Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Gorgan, 2021-2022.","authors":"Mohammad Qolami-Dastjerdan, Farideh Kouchak, Farideh Tohidi","doi":"10.18502/jad.v18i4.19334","DOIUrl":"10.18502/jad.v18i4.19334","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>As medical students are the future doctors and healthcare providers of the country, it is essential to evaluate their awareness, attitude, and practice about leishmaniasis. Therefore, we have decided to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of medical students in the clinical phase about cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This descriptive-analytical study was performed on 318 clinical students, including those in physiopathology, Extern-1, Extern-2, and internship phases at Golestan University of Medical Sciences. A questionnaire was designed, containing 28 questions divided into four sections: demographic, knowledge, attitude, and practice. Data were analyzed using the Spearman correlation coefficient and Chi-square tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>318 individuals participated in the study, of which 193 (60.6%) individuals were female, and 125 (39.4%) individuals were male. 70 physiopathology students (100%), 72 Extern-1 students (93.5%), 73 Extern-2 students (92.4%), and 88 internship students (100%) had a good level of awareness. Among physiopathology students, 42 individuals (60%), 58 Extern-1 students, (75.3%), 71 Extern-2 students, (85.5%), and 88 (100%) internship individuals had a good attitude. The results of this research showed that 19 (27.1%) physiopathology students, 49 (63.6%) Extern-1 students, 27 (32.5%) Extern-2 students, and 42 (47.7%) interns had a good level of practice.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>As future healthcare providers, medical students must possess a high level of knowledge, a positive attitude, and strong practice skills in managing conditions such as CL. Given the prevalence of this disease in the country, organizing targeted educational programs for medical students can significantly enhance their knowledge and abilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":15095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases","volume":"18 4","pages":"285-295"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12477339/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145199511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}