Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases最新文献

{"title":"A Sero-Epidemiological Study on Visceral Leishmaniasis among Volunteer Children and Adults in Rural Areas of Shahroud, Iran 2018-2019.","authors":"Sajjad Ghodrati,&nbsp;Behnaz Akhoundi,&nbsp;Mehdi Mohebali,&nbsp;Mohammad Zeinali,&nbsp;Homa Hajjaran,&nbsp;Zahra Kakooei","doi":"10.18502/jad.v16i3.12038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jad.v16i3.12038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) also known as Kala-azar is considered as one of the zoonotic infections in Mediterranean countries. The disease reservoir and vectors are dogs and sandflies respectively. Due to reported sporadic cases of Kala-azar in the past five years in Shahroud County, Semnan Province, Iran, this study aimed to investigate the status of this infection in this area and to determine its seroepidemiology to take required measurements for infection control and treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was conducted on 504 subjects residing in seven villages in Shahroud County. Blood samples were randomly selected using the cluster sampling method and were collected from subjects aged up to 13 years old (90%) and adults over 13 years old (10%) from September to May 2019. After separating sera from whole blood, samples were subjected to direct agglutination test (DAT) to detect anti-<i>Leishmania infantum</i> antibodies. A range of 1:10 to 1:800 dilutions were prepared from the samples.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results of 1:800 titration indicated that no sample was positive for antibodies against <i>L. infantum</i>. After the secondary screening, 10 cases (1.98%) showed the antibody titer of 1:100, while four cases (0.79%) showed the antibody titer of 1:400. Of 14 cases with the <i>L. infantum</i> antibodies, all were detected from the children <13 years old. According to clinical findings, no patient was suffering from fever, weight loss, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, and cachexia and therefore did not show the Kala-azar symptoms.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results of the current study indicate that Kala-azar is not prevalent in Shahroud County.</p>","PeriodicalId":15095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases","volume":"16 3","pages":"217-224"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/b3/ab/JAD-16-217.PMC10086446.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9304844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scabies as a Neglected Tropical Disease in Iran: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis, during 2000-2022.","authors":"Mehdi Khoobdel,&nbsp;Shahyad Azari-Hamidian,&nbsp;Ahmad Ali Hanafi-Bojd,&nbsp;Hasan Bakhshi,&nbsp;Amirsajad Jafari,&nbsp;Mohammad Moradi","doi":"10.18502/jad.v16i3.12034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jad.v16i3.12034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Scabies is referred to the infestation of skin by an ectoparasite, <i>Sarcoptes scabiei</i>. Having considerable financial consequences, this disease is a public health concern in several countries. In this review, we aimed to determine the current status of scabies in different provinces of Iran.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Scientific Information Database (SID), Sci-explore, Civilica, Magiran, Iranian Research Institute for Information Science and Technology and Elmnet databases were searched to find the related data in the time period within 2000-2022. To have a better insight into the status of prevalence of scabies in Iran, a meta-analysis and meta-regression was performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 943 relevant studies were retrieved from the databases, and 62 eligible studies met all the needed criteria for inclusion in this systematic review. Scabies was investigated and reported in at least 22 and 21 provinces of Iran respectively. Most of the studies were conducted in Tehran, Razavi Khorasan, Hormozgan, Fars and Guilan Provinces. Positive samples of scabies belonged to humans, sheep, goats, dogs, rabbits, mice and gazelles. Meta-analysis showed that the overall estimated presence of scabies in Iran during 2000-2022 was 7% (95% CI 4.7-10.3%, P< 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Infestations due to <i>S. scabiei</i> in Iran occur in different geographical locations and different climates. As a neglected tropical disease, the literature about the burden of scabies in Iran is inadequate. The present review highlights the importance of development of comprehensive strategies for the diagnosis and control of scabies, especially the provinces with high infestation rates.</p>","PeriodicalId":15095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases","volume":"16 3","pages":"180-195"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/09/6f/JAD-16-180.PMC10086448.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9304848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiological Characterizations, New Localities, and a Checklist of the Known Scorpions in the Kurdistan Region, Northern Iraq.","authors":"Fenik Hussen,&nbsp;Hamid Kachel,&nbsp;Gzng Hama,&nbsp;Edi Kachal,&nbsp;Masoud Slo,&nbsp;Ihsan Hiwil,&nbsp;Ayoub Ahmed","doi":"10.18502/jad.v16i3.12042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jad.v16i3.12042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Annually, thousands of scorpion stings and rare mortalities are recorded in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. In the present study, we prepared a checklist for the geographical distribution of scorpion fauna composition, new localities data, and scorpion sting profile for the years 2019-2020 in the region.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Random field surveys for scorpion collection were carried out in 22 localities in the Kurdistan Region from June 2020 to October 2021. Clinical data related to scorpion stings in 2019 and 2020 were obtained from the medical records of public health offices in the region.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this survey, 166 specimens were collected. They were composed of seven scorpion species belonging to three families including: Buthidae, Hemiscorpiidae, and Scorpionidae. The collected species were <i>Androctonus crassicauda</i>, <i>Compsobuthus matthiesseni</i>, <i>Hottentotta saulcyi</i>, <i>Mesobuthus mesopotamicus</i>, <i>Orthochirus fomichevi</i>, <i>Hemiscorpius lepturus</i>, and <i>Scorpio kruglovi</i>. Moreover, three scorpion species comprising <i>Buthacus tadmorensis</i>, <i>Hottentotta mesopotamicus</i>, and <i>Calchas anlasi</i> were recorded in the previous study conducted in the Kurdistan region. In 2019-2020, 3726 scorpion stings were reported, with a peak in the summer season. Most of the patients were 15-49 years old. In the current study, medically significant scorpion species have been identified.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The outcome of the present work will increase the awareness of the Kurdish community regarding the distribution of dangerous scorpion species and consequently reduce their stings.</p>","PeriodicalId":15095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases","volume":"16 3","pages":"251-261"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/83/6e/JAD-16-251.PMC10086451.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9304842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Detection of <i>Leishmania</i> Infection in Phlebotomine Sand Flies from an Endemic Focus of Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Iran.","authors":"Sadegh Mohammadi-Azni,&nbsp;Mohsen Kalantari,&nbsp;Behrad Pourmohammadi","doi":"10.18502/jad.v16i3.12040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jad.v16i3.12040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Due to the outbreak of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL), a disease caused by <i>Leishmania major</i> and mainly transmitted by <i>Phlebotomus papatasi</i>, in Damghan City, Semnan Province, the probable vectors of the disease were investigated in the city from 20 March 2016 to 20 January 2018.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sand flies were collected from indoors and outdoors biweekly by sticky traps in different parts of the city. The trapped sand flies were stored in 70% ethanol. They were identified and checked for <i>Leishmania</i> infections using nested-PCR method and specific primers; CSB1XR, CSB2XF, LiR, and 13Z.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 1862 phlebotomine sand flies of <i>Ph. papatasi</i> (48.8%), <i>Ph. andrejevi</i> (8.3%), <i>Ph. caucasicus</i> (7.7), <i>Ph. mongolensis</i> (2%), <i>Ph. sergenti</i> (1.2%), <i>Ph. alexandri</i> (0.7%), <i>Sergentomyia murgabiensis sintoni</i> (29.3%), and <i>Se. sumbarica</i> (2%) were collected indoors (31.1%) and outdoors (68.9%). The highest and lowest numbers of collected sand flies were belonging to <i>Ph. papatasi</i> (48.8%) and <i>Ph. alexandri</i> (0.7%) respectively. 2.2% of the examined sand flies were shown to be infected with <i>L. major</i> and all were belonging to <i>Ph. papatasi</i>.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study confirms the report of <i>Ph. papatasi</i> infection with <i>L. major</i> and also the existence of <i>Ph. sergenti</i> and <i>Ph. alexandri</i>, the potential vectors of <i>L. tropica</i> and <i>L. infantum</i> respectively, in Damghan City. According to the findings, it is necessary for health officials to plan and take action to prevent the occurrence of ZCL epidemic in the city as well as the occurrence of other forms of leishmaniasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":15095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases","volume":"16 3","pages":"233-242"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a6/a8/JAD-16-233.PMC10086449.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9304849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological Aberrations of the Dirofilariasis, Sindbis Fever and West Nile Fever Vector <i>Culex Theileri</i> (Diptera: Culicidae) in Iran.","authors":"Shahyad Azari-Hamidian,&nbsp;Seyed-Mohammad Omrani","doi":"10.18502/jad.v16i3.12036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jad.v16i3.12036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Culex theileri</i> (Diptera: Culicidae) is a known vector of pathogens that cause dirofilariasis, Sindbis fever and West Nile fever in Iran. The species is one of the country's most abundant and widely distributed species.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In order to conduct a faunistic and bionomic study of mosquitoes, larval collection was carried out in Chahar Mahal and Bakhtiari Province of western Iran using dipping method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, some 2096 larvae of <i>Cx. theileri</i> were identified. Among the larvae, 1024 (48.9%) displayed aberrations and anomalies in the development of cranial seta 1-C (preclypeal seta). Morphological aberrations and anomalies of seta 1-C in the third- and fourth-instar larvae and abdominal terga of the adults of <i>Cx. theileri</i> collected in Iran are discussed and illustrated.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>More studies are needed throughout the distribution of <i>Cx. theileri</i> to analyze the variation of the species, especially using both morphological and molecular data.</p>","PeriodicalId":15095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases","volume":"16 3","pages":"206-216"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/e1/5c/JAD-16-206.PMC10086447.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9304847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Pulex irritans</i> on Dogs and Cats: Morphological and Molecular Approach.","authors":"Amrollah Azarm,&nbsp;Abdolhossin Dalimi,&nbsp;Majied Pirestani,&nbsp;Anita Mohammadiha,&nbsp;Alireza Zahraei-Ramazani,&nbsp;Narges Marvi-Moghaddam,&nbsp;Esmaiel Amiri","doi":"10.18502/jad.v16i3.12035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jad.v16i3.12035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The painful bite of <i>Pulex irritans</i>; causes wound on the host body and is a vector for <i>Bartonella</i> bacteria species, which can cause trench fever, <i>Rickettsia</i> species, Rocky Mountain spotted fever and Mediterranean spotted fever. We conducted a study to find out the hosts, abundance, as well as the molecular characteristics of this flea species in Meshkin-Shahr County, Ardabil Province, northwest of Iran.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>After collecting fleas from different reservoir hosts and transferring them to the laboratory, identification was done using different morphological characters as well as the internal transcribed spacer1 (ITS1) molecular marker.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This morphological study indicated that from the 1053 fleas, which were collected from 162 different animals, including cats and dogs, 74 specimens belonged to human flea, <i>Pulex irritans</i>. In addition, in molecular analysis showed a high sequence similarity (99.5%) with the <i>P. irritans</i> counterparts from Spain country and Zanjan of Iran available in GenBank.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong><i>Pulex irritans</i> species is an obligatory hematophagous ectoparasite of human and animals. Therefore, considering the relatively high frequency of this species on the body of cats and dogs, it is suggested to conduct more studies on its distribution and the possibility of being a vector of pathogens among these animals and human. The results of these studies will be used to compile and review the control programs of this vector.</p>","PeriodicalId":15095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases","volume":"16 3","pages":"196-205"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/03/82/JAD-16-196.PMC10086450.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9304846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on Hard and Soft Ticks of Domestic and Wild Animals in Western Iran.","authors":"Zakkyeh Telmadarraiy,&nbsp;Habibollah Kooshki,&nbsp;Hamideh Edalat,&nbsp;Hassan Vatandoost,&nbsp;Hasan Bakhshi,&nbsp;Faezeh Faghihi,&nbsp;Asadollah Hosseini-Chegeni,&nbsp;Mohammad Ali Oshaghi","doi":"10.18502/jad.v16i3.12039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jad.v16i3.12039","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ticks are blood-sucking ectoparasites of many vertebrates and act as vectors of a wide range of vector-borne diseases. Alongside pathogens transmission, ticks also cause economic losses in animal industry such as production loss, physical damage, anemia, and poisoning. This study aimed to determine the fauna, geographical distribution and seasonal activity of ticks collected from animals in Lorestan Province, west of Iran.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ticks were collected from domestic animals including cattle, sheep, goats, chickens, turkeys, pigeons, as well as wild animals such as jackals in 2017-2018. Then, they were identified based on morphological characteristics using valid identification keys.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of a total of 706 ticks, 433 (61.33%), 104 (14.73%), 33 (4.67%) and 136 (19.26%) ticks were collected in spring, summer, autumn and winter, respectively. In terms of hard ticks, 4 genera and 6 species were identified: <i>Hyalomma asiaticum</i> (22.80%), <i>Hyalomma anatolicum</i> (3.68%), <i>Hyalomma marginatum</i> (2.40%), <i>Rhipicephalus sanguineus</i> (0.84%), <i>Dermacentor marginatus</i> (1.13%), and <i>Haemaphysalis sulcata</i> (0.64%). Additionally, two genera and four species fell into soft ticks: <i>Argas persicus</i> (60.48%), <i>Argas reflexus</i> (6.65%), <i>Ornithodoros canstrini</i> (0.70%) and <i>Ornithodoros erraticus</i> (0.42%). There was significant variation in the seasonal activity and abundance of ticks in different seasons but in the tick abundancy among different regions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present study provides a perspective of the distribution status of ticks in Lorestan Province, their seasonal activity and the likelihood of emergence of related diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":15095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases","volume":"16 3","pages":"225-232"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/e2/84/JAD-16-225.PMC10086445.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9298347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bionomics of <i>Anopheles culicifacies</i> Sensu Lato in two Malaria Endemic Districts of Central Gujarat, India.","authors":"Rajendra K Baharia,&nbsp;Jaspreet Kaur,&nbsp;Ankita Sindhania,&nbsp;Gunjan Sharma,&nbsp;Harish C Srivastava,&nbsp;Chandra S Pant,&nbsp;Manju Rahi,&nbsp;Kamaraju Raghavendra,&nbsp;Om P Singh","doi":"10.18502/jad.v16i2.11802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jad.v16i2.11802","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Gujarat State has been witnessing large scale urbanization, in last two decades, resulting changes in local environment and microclimate may have also influenced the resting, feeding habits and development of <i>Anopheles culicifacies</i> sensu 1ato. Therefore, a systematic longitudinal study was undertaken to know the bionomics of <i>An. culicifacies</i> s.l. in present study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study was conducted in four sentinel villages in Kheda and Panchmahal Districts. The mosquitoes resting indoors and outdoors were collected in early morning hours, using mouth aspirator, pyrethrum space spray and light traps. Mosquito landing collections on human volunteers was carried out from dusk to dawn. Species composition, abundance, seasonal prevalence, resting behavior (Endophily and Exophily), sibling species composition, vector potential and insecticide susceptibility status of malaria vectors was studied.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Six <i>Anopheles</i> species were collected, <i>An. subpictus</i> s.l. was the predominant species followed by <i>An. culicifacies</i> s.l., a known malaria vector was resting indoor and zoophagic behaviour. <i>Anopheles culicifacies</i>, sibling species B (89%) was found. The sporozoite rate (%) and entomological inoculation rate in Kheda was 2.33%, 3.09 per bite/person/annum and they were 1.05% and 0.475 bite/person/annum in Panchmahal, respectively. <i>Anopheles culicifacies</i> s.l. was found possible resistance to alpha-cypermethrin.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong><i>Anopheles culicifacies</i> s.l. showed endophillic, zoophagic behaviour and found possible resistance to alpha-cypermethrin. Early biting behaviour of <i>An. culicifacies</i> s.l. in this area is a cause of concern. Therefore, there is need for frequent monitoring and evaluation of vector control measures in order to achieve the elimination target of malaria in this area.</p>","PeriodicalId":15095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases","volume":"16 2","pages":"108-123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c9/17/JAD-16-108.PMC10082408.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9637921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bionomics of Phlebotomine Sand Flies in Different Climates of Leishmaniasis in Fars Province, Southern Iran.","authors":"Kourosh Azizi,&nbsp;Zahra Soltani,&nbsp;Mohsen Aliakbarpour,&nbsp;Hassan Rezanezhad,&nbsp;Mohsen Kalantari","doi":"10.18502/jad.v16i2.11805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jad.v16i2.11805","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Phlebotomus</i> and <i>Sergentomya</i> are distributed in the old-world regions and transmit leishmaniases through mammalian and reptile hosts. Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is one of the most important diseases in Iran. Iranian sand flies belong to three Oriental, Palearctic, and Afrotropical Regions. Fars Province is located in Palearctic, but southern parts are affected Oriental region situations on phglebotomine population variety. Therefore, a comprehensive study was required on the vectors of the disease in this Province.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Regarding the approved role of the environmental factors in creating the fauna and distribution of living creatures, the \"de martonne climate method\" was used, and the climate was noticed as an important environmental factor for the determination of vector distribution. Accordingly, 14 sampling sites were selected from 10 foci in different climates of Fars Province. 19648 sand flies were collected from the studied areas in this Province during 2016.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong><i>Phlebotomus papatasi</i> and <i>Se. antennata</i> were the most frequent species, which were caught from in/outdoor areas. <i>Phlebotomus sergenti</i> and <i>Ph. alexandri</i> were caught from both Palearctic and Oriental zones but were more prevalent in the cold semi-arid climate of the Palearctic zone. Moreover, they were not caught from the hot desert and summer Mediterranean climates of the Oriental zone.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>It seems that <i>Ph. papatasi</i> as the main vector of CL could be well distributed in different climates in Fars. Moreover, some species like <i>Ph. sergenti</i> preferred especial climates in the Palearctic zone. Therefore, these data could be helpful to control leishmaniases more efficiently.</p>","PeriodicalId":15095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases","volume":"16 2","pages":"148-158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ad/70/JAD-16-148.PMC10082409.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9652635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Survey of Mitochondrial Genes in Different Populations of the Black Fat-Tailed Scorpion, <i>Androctonus crassicauda</i>.","authors":"Mohammad Bagher Ghavami,&nbsp;Zohreh Alibabaei,&nbsp;Fatemeh Ghavami","doi":"10.18502/jad.v16i2.11799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jad.v16i2.11799","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Androctonus crassicauda</i> is the most medically relevant scorpion and understanding its genetic forms is essential for improvement of anti-venom sera, and risk management of scorpionism. Present study was designed to identify the variations of mitochondrial genes in different populations of <i>A. crassicauda</i>.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Adults of <i>A. crassicauda</i> were collected from Zanjan Province during 2016-2017. Genomic DNA of samples was extracted and fragments of mitochondrial 16S, COI and ND1 genes were amplified and some of the amplicons were sequenced. Haplotype of samples were identified by multiple alignment of sequences, then phylogenetic trees of haplotypes were constructed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fragments of 352bp, 618bp and 680bp were amplified from 16S, COI and ND1 genes respectively. Nucleotide sequence in COI fragments was conserved, however, five haplotypes with some specific polymorphic sites were detected in 16S and ND1 fragments. Haplotype I was dominant and found in all areas. Other haplotypes were rare and limited to specific regions. Analysis of the phylogenetic trees inferred from 16S and COI genes, confirmed a strong positive correlation between geographic and genetic distance.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Mitochondrial COI, 16S and ND1 genes were detected suitable for identifying the population structure. Five genotypes were found using 16S and ND1 genes. To prepare and improve the anti-venoms quality, additional studies are necessary to identify the toxin electrophoretic profile and geographical/ecological niche models of these genotypes in future.</p>","PeriodicalId":15095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases","volume":"16 2","pages":"84-96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/6c/98/JAD-16-84.PMC10082414.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9282838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}