Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Impact of Omics Studies on Understanding Insecticide Resistance Mechanisms in Sub-Saharan Malaria Vectors: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Yetunde Grace Orogun, Olubanke Olujoke Ogunlana, Damilare Isaiah Taiwo, Olatomide Ayodeji Fadare","doi":"10.18502/jad.v19i3.20889","DOIUrl":"10.18502/jad.v19i3.20889","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Malaria remains a major global health challenge, disproportionately affecting sub-Saharan Africa. The growing threat of resistance to insecticides in <i>Anopheles</i> vector populations poses a major challenge to the efficacy of core interventions such as long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLINs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS). This systematic review aimed to evaluate the contribution of omics approaches, particularly genomics, transcriptomics, and multi-omics, to understanding the resistance mechanisms in malaria vectors in sub-Saharan Africa and their impact on current and future vector control strategies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive search was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar for eligible studies published between January 2016 and April 2025. Studies using at least one omics approach to investigate resistance in <i>Anopheles</i> species were included. We extracted and analyzed data on study location, vector species, omics methods, insecticide classes, resistance mechanisms, and key findings according to PRISMA guidelines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-two studies met the inclusion criteria. Genomic and transcriptomic approaches revealed key resistance mechanisms, notably involving metabolic resistance, target-site mutations, and cuticular changes. Multi-omics studies uncovered novel resistance markers such as CYP450 reductase (CPR), UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs), and salivary gland proteins. Multi-country collaborations were common, reflecting the cross-border nature of insecticide resistance, while species-specific responses highlighted localized adaptation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Omics studies have significantly enhanced the understanding of resistance to insecticides among malaria vectors, offering valuable insights for molecular diagnostics and region-specific vector control. Integrating these approaches into routine surveillance is crucial to inform sustainable malaria control and elimination strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":15095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases","volume":"19 3","pages":"185-200"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13213157/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148054713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation and Diagnosis of Medically Significant Parasites from the American Cockroach (<i>Periplaneta americana</i>) in Shendi City, Sudan.","authors":"Yassir A Sulieman, Randa Eltayeb, Theerakamol Pengsakul","doi":"10.18502/jad.v19i3.20891","DOIUrl":"10.18502/jad.v19i3.20891","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cockroaches are ubiquitous in residential environments and can act as vectors for pathogens relevant to public health. This investigation aimed to determine the diversity, prevalence, and intensity of parasites carried by the American cockroach, <i>Periplaneta americana</i>, in Shendi City, Sudan.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 117 <i>P. americana</i> specimens were collected during the summer of 2021 from residential kitchens, bathrooms and sewers using jar traps baited with bread. Following euthanasia by freezing each cockroach was examined for external and internal parasite stages (cysts and ova) via standard parasitological techniques.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall parasite prevalence was 31.6%, with a mean intensity of 6.7 parasites per infected insect. Eight species were detected: three protozoans (<i>Entamoeba histolytica/dispar</i>, <i>Entamoeba coli</i>, <i>Giardia lamblia</i>) and five helminths (<i>Ascaris lumbricoides</i>, <i>Trichuris trichiura</i>, <i>Ancylostoma</i> sp., <i>Taenia</i> sp., <i>Enterobius vermicularis</i>). <i>Entamoeba coli</i> was the most prevalent (10.3%), followed by <i>E. histolytica/dispar</i> (7.7%), <i>T. trichiura</i> and <i>Ancylostoma</i> sp. (0.9% each). <i>Taenia</i> sp. showed the highest infection intensity (8.6) compared to the lowest (4.0), <i>E. vermicularis</i> and <i>T. trichiura</i>. Statistically, the parasite prevalence and intensity were significantly greater on the cockroaches' body surfaces compared to their digestive tracts (P< 0.001). Adult cockroaches also demonstrated significantly higher infection rates and intensities than nymphs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings confirm that the cockroach, <i>P. americana</i>, can serve as a mechanical vector for protozoan and helminth parasites. Implementing preventive strategies, including improved sanitation and comprehensive pest management, is crucial to reducing the associated public health threat.</p>","PeriodicalId":15095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases","volume":"19 3","pages":"209-216"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13213156/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148054634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the Impact of Diflubenzuron on the Inhibition of Adult Emergence in <i>Aedes aegypti</i> (Diptera: Culicidae) from Hormozgan Province, Iran, 2025.","authors":"Saeedeh Ebrahimi, Hassan Vatandoost, Mohammad Ali Oshaghi, Kourosh Azizi, Mahnaz Khanavi, Seyed Hassan Moosa-Kazemi","doi":"10.18502/jad.v19i3.20897","DOIUrl":"10.18502/jad.v19i3.20897","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The presence of <i>Aedes aegypti</i> in Iran and the risk of transmitting viral diseases, such as dengue and Zika, underscore the importance of evaluating effective vector control methods.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study investigated the effectiveness of diflubenzuron, an insect growth regulator that inhibits chitin synthesis, in preventing adult emergence of <i>Ae. aegypti</i> larvae from Hormozgan. The concentrations of 0.03, 0.06, 0.12 and 0.24 mg/L of 25% wettable powder formulations of diflubenzuron were used, according to WHO protocols.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Diflubenzuron was highly effective at 0.24 mg/L, achieving 98% emergence inhibition (EI₅₀=0.053 mg/L, EI₉₀=0.146 mg/L). At lower concentrations, e.g., 0.12 mg/L, emergence inhibition decreased to 83%, indicating a clear concentration-dependent reduction in efficacy. Larvae exposed to sublethal doses displayed abnormal movements and reduced responses to stimuli.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This experiment supports diflubenzuron's potential as an effective larvicide for vector control programs in Iran. However, field trials and resistance monitoring are recommended before widespread implementation.</p>","PeriodicalId":15095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases","volume":"19 3","pages":"269-276"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13213162/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148054653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular and Serological Evaluation of Hantavirus in Wild Rodents in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Southwest of Iran.","authors":"Jamal Sarvari, Bahador Sarkari, Fatemeh Osooreh, Mehdi Fazlalipour, Mohammad Hassan Pouriayevali, Tahmineh Jalali, Mohammad Javad Ranjbar, Mostafa Salehi-Vaziri","doi":"10.18502/jad.v19i3.20894","DOIUrl":"10.18502/jad.v19i3.20894","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hantaviruses are mainly transmitted to humans through the inhalation of aerosolized excreta from infected rodent reservoirs. The present study was conducted to analyze the prevalence of hantavirus infection among rodents in the Boyer-Ahmad region.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 52 rodents were captured in the Boyer-Ahmad region of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province during June to November 2014, using Sherman live traps. Blood and tissue samples were obtained from the heart and lungs, respectively. Hantavirus Pool 1 \"Eurasia\" IgG and Pool 2 \"America\" ELISA IgG kits were used to detect IgG antibodies against both Old World and New World hantaviruses. Moreover, total RNA extraction was performed on the lung tissue, and a pan-hantavirus nested RT-PCR was conducted to detect hantavirus RNA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong><i>Meriones persicus</i> was the most abundant species (n=25, 48%). The results of the ELISA showed that all the serum samples from the rodents were negative for antibodies against both Eurasian and American hantaviruses. Moreover, no rodent tissue samples tested positive for the hantavirus RNA by the pan-hantavirus RT-PCR.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although no hantavirus infection was detected in this study, the presence of hantavirus reservoirs in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province suggests that hantavirus circulation cannot be completely ruled out. Further studies with a larger sample size are recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":15095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases","volume":"19 3","pages":"233-240"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13213163/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148054616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insecticidal Activity of <i>Salvia officinalis</i>, <i>Pistacia vera</i> and <i>Eucalyptus</i> sp. Extracts Against <i>Phlebotomus papatasi</i>: A Potential Plant-Based Approach for Vector Control.","authors":"Azadeh Asadi, Mohammad Saaid Dayer, Amrollah Azarm","doi":"10.18502/jad.v19i3.20896","DOIUrl":"10.18502/jad.v19i3.20896","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Insecticides are essential for controlling <i>Leishmania</i> vectors, but their extensive use leads to adverse environmental effects, particularly on non-target species. Given the health challenges associated with synthetic insecticides and the dire need for safe and sustainable alternatives, plant-based insecticides offer a promising solution. This study explores the insecticidal potential of <i>Salvia officinalis</i>, <i>Pistacia vera</i> and <i>Eucalyptus</i> sp. as environmentally friendly alternatives for controlling <i>Phlebotomus papatasi</i>.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Methanolic extracts of <i>S. officinalis</i>, <i>P. vera</i> and <i>Eucalyptus</i> sp. were prepared using the maceration method. The extracts were analyzed using titration methods for bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins and antioxidant properties. Susceptibility tests on <i>Ph. papatasi</i> were performed using WHO standard kits, with median lethal time (LT₅₀) and median lethal dose (LD₅₀) values calculated by probit analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of flavonoids in <i>S. officinalis</i> and <i>Eucalyptus</i> sp. None of the extracts contained alkaloids, but all contained tannins. <i>Pistacia vera</i> was the only extract containing saponins. The LD₅₀ values after 24 hrs for <i>S. officinalis</i>, <i>Eucalyptus</i> sp. and <i>P. vera</i> were 0.156, 0.576 and 0.41 μg/ml, respectively. The LT₅₀ values for <i>S. officinalis</i>, <i>Eucalyptus sp</i>. and <i>P. vera</i> at 1.6 μg/mL were 11.9, 12.5 and 14.4 hrs, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Plant-derived insecticides are gaining attention due to their potential to mitigate the environmental and health risks posed by synthetic insecticides. The findings suggest that <i>S. officinalis</i>, <i>P. vera</i> and <i>Eucalyptus</i> sp. extracts may serve as effective biopesticides, contributing to integrated vector management strategies for leishmaniasis control.</p>","PeriodicalId":15095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases","volume":"19 3","pages":"259-268"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13213159/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148054649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploitation of Endemic Extremophilic Microbial Strains Isolated from Date Palm Fibrillium in the Saoura Region (Southwest Algeria) as Potential Biocontrol Agents Against Mosquitoes.","authors":"Ali Boulanouar, Larbi Benlarbi, Zineb Hamani","doi":"10.18502/jad.v19i3.20895","DOIUrl":"10.18502/jad.v19i3.20895","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Algeria's extreme ecosystems, such as the Saoura region, represent unique reservoirs of rare microorganisms, inhabiting pristine and unexplored virgin territories with considerable biotechnological potential. Chitinolytic bacteria are particularly noteworthy for mosquito control due to their ability to degrade chitin, the major structural component of the insect cuticle. This study aims to: (i) identify new microbial strains adapted to extreme desert conditions, overcoming the limited efficacy of some bioinsecticides, (ii) address the spread of vector-borne diseases and mosquito resistance, (iii) reduce the environmental impacts of non-selective insecticides, and (iv) explore eco-friendly strategies and integrated biological control.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Shrimp chitin was extracted to prepare selective media for the isolation and purification of chitinolytic bacteria. The entomopathogenic activity of these chitinolytic strains at concentrations of 10⁴, 10⁵ and 10⁶ CFU/mL was evaluated through bioassays on <i>Culex pipiens</i> larvae.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We isolated three chitinolytic strains from <i>Phoenix dactylifera</i> bark, among which <i>Streptomyces</i> spp. 2 (STR2) was clearly the most virulent against <i>Cx. pipiens</i> larvae. This strain exhibited marked dose and time-dependent toxicity (LC₅₀-LC₉₉: 7.9×10³-3.4×10⁷ CFU/mL; DC: 6.8×10⁷ CFU/mL; LT₅₀: 4.6 days). Beyond larval mortality, it also severely affected adults by reducing the proportion of flight-capable mosquitoes and increasing rates of flightlessness, post-emergence mortality, and deformity. However, an IGR-like mode of action remains speculative.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study confirms the larvicidal activity of desert-adapted chitinolytic bacteria, but further research is needed to determine their selectivity toward non-target organisms before considering their application in mosquito management.</p>","PeriodicalId":15095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases","volume":"19 3","pages":"241-258"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13213158/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148054692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting the Distribution of <i>Culex pipiens</i> (Diptera: Culicidae) in Golestan Province of Iran Using an Ecological Niche Model.","authors":"Ehsan Allah Kalteh, Golshirin Yatimparvar, Aioub Sofizadeh, Ebrahim Sahneh","doi":"10.18502/jad.v19i2.20191","DOIUrl":"10.18502/jad.v19i2.20191","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Culex pipiens</i> is one of the most important vectors of mosquito-borne pathogens in Iran. This study aimed to predict the distribution of this species in Golestan Province, Iran and to determine the factors affecting its distribution.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Mosquito larvae were collected by using the dipping method from 56 locations across all 14 counties of the province, between April and October 2016. Species were identified morphologically, and the spatial distribution of <i>Cx. pipiens</i> was modeled using the maximum entropy (MaxEnt software Ver. 3.3.3) model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results of our study show that areas located in the central part of Golestan Province are the most environmentally suitable habitat for <i>Cx. pipiens</i>. Jackknife test of variable importance showed that the following factors had the greatest influence on the distribution of <i>Cx. pipiens</i>: proximity to human settlements, precipitation of coldest quarter (mm), precipitation of wettest quarter (mm), precipitation of wettest month (mm), and mean temperature of coldest quarter (°C).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study concludes that the MaxEnt model is a very suitable model for studying the ecology of <i>Cx. pipiens</i> and precipitation, and temperature play a major role in the distribution of this species.</p>","PeriodicalId":15095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases","volume":"19 2","pages":"125-137"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12780822/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145952043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Susceptibility Status of Body Louse (<i>Pediculus humanus humanus</i>) (Anoplura: Pediculidae) to Deltamethrin in Urmia City, Iran (2024).","authors":"Samira Firooziyan, Ahmadali Enayati, Ehsan Rikhtegar, Tahereh Sadat Asgarian, Mohammad Mehdi Sedaghat","doi":"10.18502/jad.v19i2.20196","DOIUrl":"10.18502/jad.v19i2.20196","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The body louse spreads diseases such as epidemic typhus and louse-borne relapsing fever and has shown resistance to various insecticides. While deltamethrin is used to treat infestations in some countries, research on its effectiveness against body lice is limited. This study assessed the susceptibility of body lice to deltamethrin using a bioassay.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Body lice specimens were collected from an addiction treatment camp in Urmia City, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. They were treated in 5 cm Petri dishes lined with 1 ml of various concentrations of deltamethrin (0.01, 0.02, 0.04, 0.08, 0.16, 0.32, 0.64, 1.28, and 2.56 ppm) in acetone. Thirty lice were tested per concentration, with mortality recorded after 24 hours. Lethal concentrations of 50% and 90% (LC₅₀ and LC₉₀) were calculated using Minitab and compared with SPSS. The regression line was plotted in Excel 2013.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A positive correlation was observed between the concentrations of deltamethrin and probit mortality in the regression analysis. The calculated LC₅₀ and LC₉₀ values for deltamethrin against body lice were 0.11 ppm and 2.15 ppm, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest that the body lice population was susceptible to deltamethrin, suggesting its potential as an alternative treatment, pending further clinical studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":15095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases","volume":"19 2","pages":"173-182"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12780824/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145952035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Cross-Sectional Survey of the Relationship between Rosacea and <i>Demodex</i> Mite Infestation in Patients Referred to the Medical Centers of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences.","authors":"Shahab Gitifard, Aliakbar Shekarchi, Mehdi Amirnia, Rahim Asghari-Azar, Teimour Hazratian","doi":"10.18502/jad.v19i2.20195","DOIUrl":"10.18502/jad.v19i2.20195","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Rosacea is a common chronic and recurrent skin disease whose etiology is not precisely clear. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between rosacea and <i>Demodex</i> mite infestation in patients referred to the medical centers of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences during 2023.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients' information, including age, gender, and clinical symptoms of rosacea diagnosis, was recorded. 60 out of 71 patients underwent standard superficial skin biopsy with a thickness of 5 μm from their faces, with a drop of immersion oil, and were examined under a light microscope.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean <i>Demodex</i> density was 19.20 mites/cm². Of these 60 rosacea patients, 47 (78.3%) were female and 13 (21.7%) were male. The highest <i>Demodex</i> mite infestation was in the 31-40 age group (38%). Out of 50 patients with positive <i>Demodex</i> (83.3%), 41 (68.3%) were related to <i>D. folliculorum</i> and 9 (15%) were related to <i>D. brevis</i>. Of the 41 patients infected with <i>Demodex</i>, 31 (out of 47, 66.0%) were women and 10 (out of 13, 76.9%) were men. The p-values for the relationships between age, gender, and mite species with mite count were all greater than 0.05. This indicates no statistically significant evidence of a direct relationship.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong><i>Demodex</i> mite density was higher in rosacea than the normal benchmark of <5 mites/cm². This strong association suggests <i>Demodex</i> overpopulation plays a key role in the disease. Therefore, treatment strategies for rosacea should include acaricidal therapy targeting the mites.</p>","PeriodicalId":15095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases","volume":"19 2","pages":"165-172"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12780819/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145951939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecological Survey of Medically Important Flies in Andimeshk County, Southwest Iran: Species Composition, Diversity and Synanthropy.","authors":"Asghar Nasiri, Kamran Akbarzadeh, Elham Jahanifard, Mona Sharififard","doi":"10.18502/jad.v19i2.20189","DOIUrl":"10.18502/jad.v19i2.20189","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Flies play a significant role in public health because of their potential to transmit human pathogens and cause myiasis. This study aimed to investigate the species composition, abundance, biodiversity, and synanthropy of medically important flies in southwest Iran .</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Flies were collected from urban, semi-urban and non-residential ecosystems of Andimeshk county, southwest Iran, from 2020 to 2021 using a bottle trap and sweep net. All collected specimens were identified using taxonomic keys. Biodiversity and synanthropic indices were calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 15644 flies belonging to three families of Sarcophagidae, Calliphoridae and Muscidae were collected, comprising 11 genus and 18 species of <i>Sarcophaga ruficornis</i> (0.5%), <i>S. aegyptica</i> (0.9%), <i>S. melanura</i> (0.6%), <i>S. africa</i> (0.6%), <i>Sarcophaga</i> sp. (2.6%), <i>Ravinia pernix</i> (0.4%), <i>Sarcophila</i> sp. (0.3%), <i>Wohlfahrtia</i> sp. (0.6%), <i>Chrysomya albiceps</i> (9%), <i>Chrysomya megacephala</i> (36.3%), <i>Lucilia sericata</i> (2.5%), <i>Calliphora vicina</i> (0.3%), <i>Polenia</i> sp. (0.5%), <i>Musca domestica</i> (30.8%), <i>Musca automnalis</i> (0.6%), <i>Muscina stabulans</i> (2.4%), <i>Muscina prolapse</i> (0.4%), <i>Atherigona</i> sp. (0.6%) were trapped. The synanthropic index (SI) was +52.25, +46.2, +35.1, +35.95, and +21.45 for the myiasis-causing species, including <i>C. vicina</i>, <i>S. africa</i>, <i>C. albispes</i>, <i>C. megalocephala</i> and <i>S. aegyptica</i>, respectively. The biodiversity and evenness indices were 1.82±0.026 and 0.6306±0.0009, indicating a relatively high diversity and moderate/high evenness of flies in the study area.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Given synanthropic behavior and widespread presence of <i>C. megacephala</i>, this species should be prioritized in future surveillance and control programs to reduce public health risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":15095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases","volume":"19 2","pages":"99-112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12780823/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145952054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}