Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Larvicidal Effects of Metabolites Extracted from <i>Nocardia</i> and <i>Streptomyces</i> Species against the Forth Larval Stage of <i>Anopheles stephensi</i> (Diptera: Culicidae).","authors":"Marjan Seratnahaei,&nbsp;Seyyed Saeed Eshraghi,&nbsp;Parviz Pakzad,&nbsp;Alireza Zahraei-Ramazani,&nbsp;Mehdi Yaseri","doi":"10.18502/jad.v17i2.13623","DOIUrl":"10.18502/jad.v17i2.13623","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Larvicidal agents can be produced using microbial resources, which are environmentally friendly, biodegradable, and economical. The study's goal was to evaluate the larvicidal activity of metabolites isolated from <i>Nocardia</i> (<i>N. fluminea</i>, <i>N. soli</i> and <i>N. pseudobrasiliensis</i>) and <i>Streptomyces</i> (<i>S. alboflavus</i>) bacterial species against <i>Anopheles stephensi</i>.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Four metabolites isolated from <i>Nocardia</i> and <i>Streptomyces</i> strains were exanimated for larvicidal activity. The experiments were performed for 24, 48, and 72 hours. 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 550, and 600 μl of <i>Actinobacteria</i> metabolites were added to 100 cc of dechlorinated water. Fourth-stage larvae were placed in dechlorinated water as a control. LC₅₀ and LC₉₀ were calculated using toxicity data and analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All metabolites had a statistically significant influence on mosquito larvae (P< 0.05). At 24, 48, and 72 hours, the LC₅₀ for N2 (<i>N. fluminea</i>) was 417, 386, and 370 ppm, respectively, and the LC₉₀ was 650, 595, and 561 ppm. Moreover, LC₅₀ for N4 (<i>N. soli</i>) was 389, 376, and 347 and LC₉₀ were 591, 565, and 533 and LC₅₀ for N5 (<i>N. pseudobrasiliensis</i>) was 390, 357, and 341 ppm and LC₉₀ were 589, 532 ppm. In addition, LC₅₀ for S921 (<i>S. alboflavus</i>) was 484, 416, and 382 ppm, and LC₉₀ was 701, 612, and 574 ppm.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The four bacterial metabolites tested in our study were found to have a notable effect on the mortality rate of <i>Anopheles stephensi</i> larvae, indicating their potential as natural larvicides. This is an effective technique for controlling <i>Anopheles stephensi</i> that has no detrimental environmental impact.</p>","PeriodicalId":15095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases","volume":"17 2","pages":"187-196"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/57/db/JAD-17-187.PMC10562205.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41201856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predatory Efficiency of Larvivorous Fish against Mosquito Larvae in Different Water Temperature Levels: Implication in Control Measure of Dengue Vector.","authors":"Desca Tyagnes-Hanindia,&nbsp;Didik Sumanto,&nbsp;Sayono Sayono","doi":"10.18502/jad.v17i2.13617","DOIUrl":"10.18502/jad.v17i2.13617","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Reduction of the <i>Aedes aegypti</i> population is the priority effort to control dengue virus transmission including the use of larvivorous fish. Biologically, the predatory efficiency of fish will slow down when the water acidity and temperature change from normal conditions. This study aimed to determine the predatory efficiency of three species of larvivorous fish against the <i>Ae. aegypti</i> larvae in different water temperatures.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Three well-known species of larvivorous fish namely <i>Poecilia reticulata</i>, <i>Betta splendens,</i> and <i>Aplocheilus panchax</i> were placed into 12 cm diameter jars with three water temperature ranges namely 20-21 °C, 27-28 °C, and 34-35 °C, and allowed to three days acclimatization. As many as one hundred 4^th-instars larvae of <i>Ae. aegypti</i> were gradually entered into each jar, and a longitudinal observation was made at 5, 10, 30, 60, 120, 240, 360, 480, 600, and 720 minutes. The predated larvae were recorded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In normal temperature ranges, the predatory efficiency of the larvivorous fish was 75%, 72.3%, and 32.8% for <i>B. splendens. Aplocheilus panchax</i>, and <i>P. reticulata</i>, respectively. The predation abilities decreased due to temperature changes. <i>Betta splendens</i> and <i>A. panchax</i> indicated the best predatory efficiency against <i>Ae. aegypti</i> larvae in different temperature conditions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong><i>Betta splendens</i> is the best larvivorous fish in the lower to normal, but <i>A. panchax</i> is the best in the normal to higher temperature ranges. This finding should be considered by public health workers in selecting larvivorous fish to control the Dengue vectors.</p>","PeriodicalId":15095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases","volume":"17 2","pages":"120-127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/cd/6b/JAD-17-120.PMC10562203.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41201859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decline of Malaria Incidence in Three Villages of Thar Desert, India: The Impact of Use of Insecticide-Treated Nets.","authors":"Suman Sundar Mohanty,&nbsp;Phool Chand Kanojia","doi":"10.18502/jad.v17i2.13622","DOIUrl":"10.18502/jad.v17i2.13622","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Malaria is the most important tropical and parasitic disease in the world. Endophagy of many malaria vectors advocates that impeding their entry into houses and preventing their contact with the occupants from infective bites could protect them against malaria.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study was carried out in Jaisalmer District, India and three villages were selected as test villages and three as control. Cross-sectional malaria prevalence surveys and mosquito collections were conducted in all the study villages. Insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) were tied below the beds for personal protection against the mosquito bite. Door and window curtains along with partition curtains were treated with insecticide for baring the entry of mosquito vectors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong><i>Plasmodium vivax</i> and <i>P. falciparum</i> were reported from the study villages. Higher malaria cases were detected in the control villages than the insecticide-treated bed net-distributed villages. The percentages of reduction of mosquito density in the houses of the ITNs distributed villages were significantly higher than the control villages. The insecticide activity was decreased slowly, and the knockdown time (KD₅₀) values were found to be increased with the duration of usage of net. The KD₅₀ of <i>Anopheles subpictus</i> s.l. was found to be more than the <i>An. stephensi</i>. Rooms where the ITNs were found to be significantly lower per man-hour density of mosquitoes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The use of alternative forms of ITNs shows a potential for preventing malaria and are making a significant contribution to the mosquito control. Effective use of ITNs could be helpful in the malaria elimination in India by 2030.</p>","PeriodicalId":15095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases","volume":"17 2","pages":"175-186"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/21/e1/JAD-17-175.PMC10562204.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41201845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Inmates, Prison Staff and Soldiers Regarding <i>Cimex lectularius</i> (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) in Mazandaran Prisons.","authors":"Seyed Hassan Nikookar,&nbsp;Ali Jafari,&nbsp;Mahmoud Fazeli-Dinan,&nbsp;Razieh Shabani-Kordshouli,&nbsp;Jamshid Yazdani-Charati,&nbsp;Nasir Talebi-Hajikolaee,&nbsp;Ahmadali Enayati","doi":"10.18502/jad.v17i2.13621","DOIUrl":"10.18502/jad.v17i2.13621","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Bed bugs (<i>Cimex lectularius</i>) are blood-sucking insects that bite humans usually at night and cause nuisance, psychological and social problems. These insects are considered a health hazard in densely populated places such as prisons. The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practice of inmates, soldiers, and prison staff regarding bed bugs in Mazandaran prisons.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a descriptive-analytical study in which 450 inmates and 210 staff (105 personnel and 105 soldiers) from prisons of Mazandaran Province were included in the study. Data on knowledge, attitude, and practice of the participants regarding bed bugs were collected using a structured questionnaire. To determine the relative content validity coefficient, the questionnaire was assessed by 10 specialists in terms of difficulty, inappropriateness, and ambiguity of the phrases. The reliability of the questionnaire was measured using Cronbach's Alpha and then the data were analyzed using SPSS software version 20.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The maximum mean scores of knowledges, attitude, and practice between the three target groups were 16.42%, 44.07% and 71.21% respectively. Prison staff had the highest knowledge and practice, and inmates showed the highest attitude regarding bed bugs. There was no significant difference between the knowledge and attitude of inmates, prison staff and soldiers (P> 0.05) but there was a significant difference in their practice (P< 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Results of this study confirmed that all three groups of people in the prisons need appropriate education regarding all aspects of bed bug including its control.</p>","PeriodicalId":15095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases","volume":"17 2","pages":"165-174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/2a/d5/JAD-17-165.PMC10562201.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41201844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metagenomics Characterization of <i>Ixodes ricinus</i> Intestinal Microbiota as Major Vector of Tick-Borne Diseases in Domestic Animals.","authors":"Manijeh Yousefi-Behzadi,&nbsp;Atefeh Mehrabi,&nbsp;Mozhgan Ahmadinezhad,&nbsp;Mahdi Rohani,&nbsp;Saied Reza Naddaf,&nbsp;Amin Bagheri,&nbsp;Masoomeh Shams-Ghahfarokhi,&nbsp;Ebrahim Maghsoudlou,&nbsp;Nooshin Mojahed,&nbsp;Leila Mounesan,&nbsp;Zahra Tahmasebi,&nbsp;Aria Sohrabi,&nbsp;Mostafa Salehi-Vaziri,&nbsp;Zahra Salehi,&nbsp;Mehdi Razzaghi-Abyaneh","doi":"10.18502/jad.v17i2.13620","DOIUrl":"10.18502/jad.v17i2.13620","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Understanding the microbiota of disease vectors can help for developing new strategies to prevent the transmission of vector pathogens. <i>Ixodes ricinus</i> is one of the most notorious tick vectors with increasing importance in Iran and other parts of the world while there is limited data on its microbiota. This study aimed to use metagenomics for identifying the <i>I. ricinus</i> tick's microbiota of Iran.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 39 adult ticks were collected from Mazandaran (21 females), Gilan (17 females), and Golestan (1 male). Five tick pools prepared from 39 adults of <i>I. ricinus</i> were subjected to metagenomics analysis. The data were analyzed by targeting the V6 region of the 16S rRNA gene by Illumina 4000 Hiseq sequencing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among hundreds of intestinal microbiota identified by metagenomics, various pathogenic microorganisms distributed in 30 genera and species including those responsible for tick-borne diseases resided in the genera <i>Coxiella</i>, <i>Rickettsia</i>, and <i>Burkholderia</i> were found.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results indicated that metagenomics identifies bacteria genera and species which cannot be easily recognized by routine methods. The presence of such pathogenic bacteria indicates the importance of possible zoonotic diseases in this region which could affect public health. These results further substantiate the importance of advanced metagenomics analyses to identify neglected tick-borne pathogens which enable researchers to provide efficient mapping roads for the management of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":15095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases","volume":"17 2","pages":"152-164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/80/11/JAD-17-152.PMC10562206.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41201857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outreach Vector Control Worker's Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Towards Mosquito Control and Associated Diseases.","authors":"Shafia Saba,&nbsp;Unsar Naeem-Ullah,&nbsp;Shafqat Saeed,&nbsp;Ishtiaq A Rajwana,&nbsp;Alamgir Akhtar Khan","doi":"10.18502/jad.v17i2.13619","DOIUrl":"10.18502/jad.v17i2.13619","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mosquito Control Programs are articulated to control Mosquito Borne Diseases and success of such programs depends on the activities of field workers, and their adherence to the standard operating procedures (SOP's) is governed by their knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP). Present study was intended to assess the KAP of mosquito control workers of Pakistan to get an exact depiction of prevailing situation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in March-April 2020. Questionnaire containing 30 closed and open-ended questions were administrated to participants. Knowledge and practices were evaluated using a scoring system i.e., by giving 1 point to each correct answer while attitude questions were analyzed individually and expressed in percentage for each response.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Total 639 workers were interviewed, mean age was 29.8 (SD ±7.87) years, majority (65.1%) was in age group of 18-30 years. Mean knowledge score was 6.96±1.28 (range 0-9) with 77.36% correct answers (P= 0.073). Mean practices score was 7.00±1.62 (range 2-9) with 77.83% appropriate answers (P< 0.001). Both knowledge and practices scores were higher for permanent employees, practices score increased with increase in job experience. Very weak positive correlation (r= 0.127) was observed between knowledge and practice scores.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Appropriate practice correlates with better knowledge and positive attitude towards control activities. Hence, training on protection and protective measures for having a positive attitude among healthcare workers is necessary against the fight with mosquitoes.</p>","PeriodicalId":15095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases","volume":"17 2","pages":"138-151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/f6/89/JAD-17-138.PMC10562202.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41201858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Worldwide Status of Insecticide Resistance of <i>Aedes aegypti</i> and <i>Ae. albopictus</i>, Vectors of Arboviruses of Chikungunya, Dengue, Zika and Yellow Fever.","authors":"Tahereh Sadat Asgarian, Hassan Vatandoost, Ahmad Ali Hanafi-Bojd, Fatemeh Nikpoor","doi":"10.18502/jad.v17i1.13198","DOIUrl":"10.18502/jad.v17i1.13198","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Controlling of <i>Aedes aegypti</i> and <i>Ae. albopictus</i>, vectors of five important mosquito-borne diseases, is known as the most effective method to prevent the transmission of arboviruses to humans, but the emergence of insecticide resistance is threat for control and prevention of vector borne diseases. A better understanding of mosquito resistance to insecticides will help to develop more effective methods to control insecticide resistance in mosquito vectors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Worldwide geographical distribution of insecticide resistance in <i>Ae. aegypti</i> and <i>Ae. albopictus</i> by the available papers and map of the data for carbamates, organochlorines, organophosphates, pyrethroids, microbial and insect growth regulator insecticides were reviewed. Article data published up to December 2022 were investigated by searching the following databases: \"Google Scholar\", \"PubMed\", \"Scopus\", \"SID\" and \"Web of Knowledge\".</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that the susceptibility and resistance status of <i>Ae. aegypti</i> and <i>Ae. albopictus</i> to insecticides in the world is very diverse.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Due to the importance of <i>Ae. aegypti</i> and <i>Ae. albopictus</i> in the transmission of mosquito-borne arboviruses, resistance management should be given more attention worldwide to prevent insecticide resistance in the arbovirus vector and replace the new approach for vector control.</p>","PeriodicalId":15095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases","volume":"17 1","pages":"1-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/65/f4/JAD-17-1.PMC10440498.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10414375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Descriptive and Geometric Morphometry of the Wings of <i>Phlebotomus sergenti</i> Populations in Central Morocco.","authors":"Fatima-Zahra Abou-Elaaz,&nbsp;Denis Sereno,&nbsp;Oumnia Himmi,&nbsp;Mohamed Ghamizi,&nbsp;Souad Guernaoui","doi":"10.18502/jad.v17i1.13200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jad.v17i1.13200","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Phlebotomus sergenti, the proven vector of Leishmania tropica, the causative agent of anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis, is widely distributed in Morocco. Previous works using molecular markers (Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 rDNA and Cytochrome B mtDNA) hypothesized the existence of multiple closely related populations of sand fly species (cryptic species) that would exhibit distinct vectorial capacities. This work studies morphotypic diversity using traditional and geometric morphometry analyses carried out on Ph. sergenti's wings from central Morocco, where active L. tropica transmission occurs for 30 years. Methods: Descriptive characteristics (size and shape) of the right wings were measured in Ph. sergenti's specimens collected from fourteen stations in central Morocco. Both traditional and geometric morphometry methods were used to analyse geographic variations in Ph. sergenti wing's size and shape. Results: These analyses support the existence of distinct Ph. sergenti populations, enlightening significant phenotypic variations of Ph. sergenti's wings, regarding their size and shape, depending on geographic origin. In addition, traditional and geometric morphometric analyses of the wing's length, centroid size, β, ɵ, and γ distances allowed clear discrimination of Ph. sergenti sub-populations. Conclusion: These data pinpoint the adaptative ability of Ph. sergenti to local environmental conditions. Additional studies are now required to further shed light on the genetic structure of Ph. sergenti populations in Morocco.","PeriodicalId":15095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases","volume":"17 1","pages":"36-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/f0/f5/JAD-17-36.PMC10440493.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10433421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Repellency and Lethal Effects of Ultrasonic Waves on the <i>Blattella germanica</i> (Blattodea: Blattellidae).","authors":"Atefeh Khan-Ahmadi,&nbsp;Hassan Vatandoost,&nbsp;Amir Ahmad Akhavan,&nbsp;Mozhgan Baniardalani,&nbsp;Kourosh Khalifeh-Soltani,&nbsp;Amrollah Azarm,&nbsp;Alireza Zahraei-Ramazani","doi":"10.18502/jad.v17i1.13204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jad.v17i1.13204","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The German cockroach, <i>Blattella germanica</i> (Insecta: Blattodea, Blattellidae), which occurs widely in human buildings, is a small cockroach species. Cockroach control chemical pesticides are toxic to the environment, and it is sometimes impossible to prevent them. Controlling <i>Blattella germanica</i> through ultrasonic waves can be efficient and less dangerous for the environment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, the repellency and lethal effect of ultrasonic waves on male and female German cockroaches was tested in a twin glass cubic chamber at laboratory condition. The wave frequencies tested ranged from 20 to 100kHz with 5kHz steps. A signal generator generated these frequencies, and the piezoelectric transmitter of these ultrasonic waves was positioned in the chamber's center on the upper side.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fisher's test showed that there was the greatest repellency effect in both male and female at frequencies of 35 and 40kHz. According to the results of the regression test, the most lethal effect is at the frequencies of 40 and 75kHz.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The operating ultrasonic frequencies investigated in this study can be used to repel and kill German cockroaches as pests endangering human health and environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":15095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases","volume":"17 1","pages":"83-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/1b/fc/JAD-17-83.PMC10440496.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10058488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Arthropod-Related Diseases.","authors":"Vahideh Moin-Vaziri,&nbsp;Mehdi Badakhshan","doi":"10.18502/jad.v17i1.13199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jad.v17i1.13199","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Covid-19 pandemic that caused by the infection with the novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has revealed individual and global vulnerabilities all over the world. Many countries that had been struggled with arthropod-borne diseases (VBDs) are now embroiled in another challenge caused by COVID-19 pandemic. The situation that poses major obstacles 1) by misdiagnosis 2) delay in early and appropriate treatment of VBDs 3) difficulties in applying regular strategy for vector control and prevention methods and finally 4) irregularity in financing supports. Given the possible scenario of syndemics, it is important to plan integrated and combined measurement with the maximum participation of the people and health authorities. Here, the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on some major arthropod-related diseases will be discussed.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To access the collective data all related databases such as Science direct, PubMed, Elsevier, Google scholar, as well WHO web page were searched with key words \"arthropoda-related diseases, COVID-19 with the name of each individual disease\".</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that the management, control, and treatment of most important arthropod-related diseases could be delayed due to COVID-19 pandemic.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Dealing with COVID-19, it is crucial to consider the other main killers such as malaria, dengue fever, etc. more especially in vulnerable populations by greater political, financial and global commitment. Continued surveillance will be essential to monitor for any possible changes.</p>","PeriodicalId":15095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases","volume":"17 1","pages":"28-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ae/4b/JAD-17-28.PMC10440499.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10414382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}