Journal of Asia-pacific Entomology最新文献

{"title":"Hyperthermia-induced transcriptome remodeling impairs embryo viability in Bombyx mori","authors":"Ying Li ,&nbsp;Zhenbo Sun ,&nbsp;Xinlei Liu ,&nbsp;Qiong Yang ,&nbsp;Yang Xiao ,&nbsp;Qingrong Li ,&nbsp;Weilong Zhang ,&nbsp;Jianping Duan ,&nbsp;Dongxu Xing","doi":"10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102431","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102431","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Acid treatment at an appropriate temperature can simultaneously prevent egg diapause and microsporidian transmission in sericulture. However, the transcriptional features associated with excessive thermal stress in the eggs of <em>Bombyx mori</em> remain unclear, which limits further studies on this dual-purpose treatment. Here, we comparatively analyzed the effects of two temperatures and proposed that 47.5°C (T1) and 48.5°C (T2) represent threshold and extreme temperatures for diapause termination, respectively. Furthermore, the full-length (FL) transcriptome was used to produce 49,444 high-confidence transcripts, including 1,571 long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Comprehensive transcriptome analysis showed that 274 downregulated and 255 upregulated genes were identified in the T2 treatment relative to the T1 counterpart, including 82 differentially expressed transcription factor genes. Noticeably, 23 downregulated Homeobox genes and 5 upregulated bHLH genes were detected. Six lncRNAs were differentially expressed between the T2 and T1 treatments. Functional enrichment analysis showed that the downregulated genes were significantly enriched in gene expression regulation and carbohydrate and important amino acid metabolism. However, upregulated genes were mainly involved in the pathways closely related to heat shock proteins (HSPs), indicating their conserved functions in stress responses and molecular chaperones. This study provides comprehensive insights on the genes expressed in <em>B. mori</em> eggs exposed to extreme thermal stress and provides a valuable resource for in-depth investigations of the response of embryos to excessive thermal stress and the balance between effective pathogen control and maintenance of embryo viability in silkworm.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asia-pacific Entomology","volume":"28 3","pages":"Article 102431"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144289141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hygiene conditions explain larval density-dependent performance in Plutella xylostella with sufficient food","authors":"Aiying Lu ,&nbsp;Leyun Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102444","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102444","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Larval density is an important factor influencing insect growth, development and population dynamics. Under conditions of limited food resources, higher larval density leads to reduced food availability per individual, causing adverse outcomes. When food was abundant, how larval density influences insect performance and its underlying mechanism have been understudied. We compared fitness traits of <em>Plutella xylostella</em> (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), over a wide range of rearing densities (1, 4, 7 and 10 larvae per Petri dish) provided with sufficient common cabbage leaves. <em>Plutella xylostella</em> reared at 10 larvae per container had significant reductions in the pupal weight, realized fecundity, and adult life span when compared with those reared at lower densities. To find out the underlying mechanism, we further tested the hypothesis that the hygiene condition in part mediates larval density-dependent performance of larvae with sufficient food. We investigated the effect of 3 hygiene conditions (clean, control, mess: indicated by feces accumulation rates) on fitness of <em>P. xylostella</em> at the same rearing density (10 larvae per Petri dish) provided with sufficient common cabbage leaves. Results confirmed the important role of hygiene conditions in mediating the responses of larva fitness to larval density that the mess condition significantly reduced the pupal weight, total survival rate, realized fecundity, adult life span, and the development rates of completing a life cycle in comparison to cleaner treatments. These findings highlight that, even with sufficient food, rearing insects in different densities and hygiene conditions can largely affect the fitness outcomes. This provides critical insights for understanding the ecology of insects feeding in high densities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asia-pacific Entomology","volume":"28 3","pages":"Article 102444"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144604120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular detection of Trypanosoma evansi and Theileria/Babesia sp. in Tabanus spp. populations (Diptera: Tabanidae) from Nueva Ecija, Philippines","authors":"Frances Paula L. Miaral ,&nbsp;Keisuke Suganuma ,&nbsp;Claro N. Mingala ,&nbsp;Jose Ma M. Angeles ,&nbsp;Derick Erl P. Sumalapao ,&nbsp;Thaddeus M. Carvajal ,&nbsp;Adrian Miki C. Macalanda ,&nbsp;Cristian C. Lucañas ,&nbsp;Maria Angenica F. Regilme ,&nbsp;Gabriel Alexis S. Tubalinal ,&nbsp;Maria Luz B. Belleza ,&nbsp;Arlene G. Bertuso","doi":"10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102439","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102439","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hematophagous flies of the family Tabanidae (Order Diptera) are important nuisance pests and vectors of several diseases in both animals and humans. In this study, the potential role of tabanids in the transmission of protozoans such as <em>Babesia</em> sp., <em>Theileria</em> sp. and <em>Trypanosoma evansi</em> was determined. Nzi traps were installed near backyard farms in Brgy. Catalanacan, Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija, Philippines from May to June 2023 for the collection of tabanids. The species, relative abundance, and density of the collected tabanids were recorded. While the occurrence of <em>Tr. evansi</em> (n = 383) and <em>Theileria/Babesia</em> sp. (n = 382) in the dissected proboscis of tabanids were determined using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The presence of human blood among the samples that were positive for <em>Tr. evansi</em> and <em>Theileria/Babesia</em> sp. was also determined as an indicator of potential human exposure to the protozoans. A total of 4,317 tabanids were collected belonging to <em>Tabanus partitus</em> (99.95 %, 4,315/4,317) and <em>Ta. reducens</em> (0.05 %, 2/4,317). Using conventional PCR, the occurrences for <em>Tr. evansi</em> and <em>Theileria/Babesia</em> sp. were 47.26 % (181/383) and 31.15 % (119/382) in <em>Ta. partitus</em>, respectively, while both were detected in 6.01 % (23/383) of the proboscis. Twelve samples that were positive for <em>Theileria/Babesia</em> sp. were subjected to sequencing and were found to belong to the genus <em>Theileria</em>. About 18.41 % (51/277) of the samples positive for either or both protozoans have detectable human blood, indicating that humans have been bitten by tabanids in the study area, thus demonstrating the risk of exposure to hemoprotozoan-carrying tabanids.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asia-pacific Entomology","volume":"28 3","pages":"Article 102439"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144570391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polyadenylate-binding proteins are essential for the molting development of locusts","authors":"Tao Li ,&nbsp;Yayin Li ,&nbsp;Weimin Liu ,&nbsp;Jianzhen Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaoming Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102470","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102470","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polyadenylate-binding proteins (PABPs) are critical for mRNA stability, translation, and decay in eukaryotes. However, their specific roles in regulating molt-related gene stability in insects remain unclear. Here, we characterize two PABP genes, LmPABP1 and LmPABP2, in the migratory locust, <em>Locusta migratoria</em>. Phylogenetic analysis revealed LmPABP1 as a cytoplasmic PABP (PABPC) and LmPABP2 as a nuclear PABP (PABPN). Tissue-specific expression profiling showed that <em>LmPABP1</em> is highly expressed in the integument and gut during the fifth instar, while <em>LmPABP2</em> expression exhibits stage-specific fluctuations. RNA interference-mediated knockdown of <em>LmPABP1</em> caused 100% mortality in both fourth- and fifth-instar nymphs, whereas silencing <em>LmPABP2</em> led to varied mortality during pre-, mid-, and post-molting stages. Histological analysis showed disrupted cuticle dissolution in <em>LmPABP1</em>-silenced locusts and delayed dissolution in <em>LmPABP2</em>-depleted individuals. Critically, <em>LmPABP1</em> knockdown significantly downregulated key chitin metabolism genes (<em>LmCht5</em>, <em>LmCht10</em>, and <em>LmUAP1</em>). Furthermore, actinomycin D treatment confirmed that LmPABP1 silencing accelerates decay of <em>LmCht5</em> and <em>LmCht10</em> mRNAs, indicating its essential role in mRNA stabilization. This study delineates the functional divergence of cytoplasmic LmPABP1 and nuclear LmPABP2 in post-transcriptional regulation, specifically stabilizing chitinase mRNAs during locust molting, offering potential molecular targets for developing novel pest control strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asia-pacific Entomology","volume":"28 3","pages":"Article 102470"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144931760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of cotton pests using an enhanced deep learning model","authors":"Hanyu Jiang ,&nbsp;Jiacheng Zhong ,&nbsp;Cheng Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102450","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102450","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pests in cotton fields significantly impact the normal growth and development of cotton plant, resulting in a decline in both quality and yield, subsequently affecting the productivity of farmers. In addressing the prevalent elongated structures found in insects, this study extends the YOLOv8n algorithm by introducing dynamic snake convolution. This addition facilitates efficient learning of the elongated features of cotton insects. Our algorithm achieved a F1-score value of 92.71 %, an mAP50 value of 97.50 %,an mAP50-95 value of 80.13 %.Additionally, we conducted comparative experiments with well-known object detection algorithms, including Efficientdet, Retinanet, SSD, YOLOv5, YOLOv8n, and YOLOv8s. The results demonstrate that our algorithm exhibits higher accuracy and precision.Furthermore, we evaluated our approach on additional publicly available insect datasets, revealing that our Snake-YOLO algorithm outperforms in detecting insects with elongated features.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asia-pacific Entomology","volume":"28 3","pages":"Article 102450"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144772382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional response and instar preference of Encarsia formosa (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) parasitizing Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) at different densities and temperatures","authors":"Bo Zhang ,&nbsp;Guo-Ting Yuan ,&nbsp;Peng Han ,&nbsp;Krutmuang Patcharin ,&nbsp;Perumal Vivekanandhan ,&nbsp;Jin-Long Zhang ,&nbsp;Jiao Kong ,&nbsp;Guo-Hua Chen ,&nbsp;Xiao-Ming Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102445","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102445","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Bemisia tabaci</em> (Gennadius) is among the most serious threats to global agricultural production. Biological control of <em>B. tabaci</em> using the parasitoid <em>Encarsia formosa</em> Gahan is effective on various crops. However,the biological control of <em>B. tabaci</em> could be affected by various abiotic factors. Understanding the effects of temperature on parasitoid efficacy is one of the key ascpects in this case. In this study, the functional response, searching efficiency, and parasitism preference of <em>E. formosa</em> on early and late nymphal instars of <em>B. tabaci</em> at different temperatures were investigated. We found that the functional response conformed to the type II model at 19, 22, 25, 28 and 31 °C. The parasitoid efficiency of <em>E. formosa</em> toward nymphal <em>B. tabaci</em> was the highest at 28 °C. Searching efficiency of <em>E. formosa</em> decreased with the increase in host density. The Hassell-Varley interference model simulation indicated intraspecific interference in <em>E. formosa</em>. <em>E. formosa</em> preferred to parasitize late instar nymphs of <em>B. tabaci</em> compared to the early instar nymphs. In conclusion, <em>E. formosa</em> releases at 25–31 °C with a parasitoid-to-host ratio of 1:50 is considered optimal to control <em>B. tabaci</em> in field, which minimizes costs and maximizes parasitism rate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asia-pacific Entomology","volume":"28 3","pages":"Article 102445"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144739731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and cytotoxicity assessments of Apis mellifera intermissa venom collected in Northeast Algeria","authors":"Faouzi Dahdouh ,&nbsp;Gizem Kursunluoglu ,&nbsp;Amira Bourouba ,&nbsp;Amina Bourouba ,&nbsp;Mukerrem Betul Yerer ,&nbsp;Houria Djebar-Berrebbah","doi":"10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102449","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102449","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study characterized the venom of the Algerian honeybee, Apis mellifera intermissa, and evaluated its key biological activities. Biochemical analysis by High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis revealed that melittin, the main component of bee venom, constituted approximately 38 % of its dry weight. Sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) confirmed the presence of major components, including melittin (∼3–5 kDa), phospholipase A₂ (∼15–20 kDa), and hyaluronidase (∼44 kDa). The venom exhibited strong antioxidant activity, as demonstrated by Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assays. Potent, broad-spectrum antibacterial activity was observed against <em>Pseudomonas</em> aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhimurium, Enterococcus faecalis, and Acinetobacter baumannii, yielding low minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations (MIC/MBC). The anti-inflammatory potential was evidenced by the inhibition of bovine serum albumin (BSA) denaturation. Furthermore, the venom exhibited significant cytotoxicity against MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cell lines, with half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC₅₀) of 17.17 µg/mL and 11.90 µg/mL, respectively. These findings highlight venom as a rich source of bioactive compounds with multifaceted therapeutic potential for pharmacological development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asia-pacific Entomology","volume":"28 3","pages":"Article 102449"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144695293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of subfamily Cryptarchinae Thomson, 1859 (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) in Korea (Part II: Genus Cryptarcha Shuckard, 1839)","authors":"Min Hyeuk Lee ,&nbsp;Seunghyun Lee ,&nbsp;Jinbae Seung ,&nbsp;Seunghwan Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102437","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102437","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a partial revision of the subfamily Cryptarchinae <span><span>Thomson, 1859</span></span> in Korea. In this second part of our revision, we focus on the genus <em>Cryptarcha</em> <span><span>Shuckard, 1839</span></span>. One new species, <em>Cryptarcha octopunctatus</em> sp. nov., is described, and two additional species, <em>C. kapfereri</em> Reitter, 1913 and <em>C. inhalita</em> Reitter, 1884, are reported for the first time in Korea. Diagnostic descriptions, photographs of external morphology and genital structures, biological information, and a key to Korean <em>Cryptarcha</em> are provided. Additionally, we present the first description of the larval stage of <em>C. lewisi</em> Reitter. Furthermore, we sequenced the complete mitochondrial genome of <em>C. lewisi</em>, which spans 16,745 bp and includes the typical set of 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNA genes, 21 putative tRNA genes, and a control region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asia-pacific Entomology","volume":"28 3","pages":"Article 102437"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144632609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated bio-based approaches for suppressing root-knot nematodes and enhancing grapevine performance in sandy soils","authors":"Ramadan M. El–Ashry ,&nbsp;Osama M.M. Kheder ,&nbsp;Mohamed A.S. Ali ,&nbsp;Fatemah AlMalki ,&nbsp;Eman Kelabi ,&nbsp;Mohammed Al-Shehri ,&nbsp;Mahmoud Moustafa ,&nbsp;Ahmed M.A. El-Deeb ,&nbsp;Abdelhadi A.I. Ali","doi":"10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102454","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102454","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Grapevine (<em>Vitis vinifera</em> L. cv. Prime) cultivation in sandy soils of Egypt faces serious challenges due to infestations by root-knot nematodes (<em>Meloidogyne incognita</em>), which reduce yield and vine vigor. This study aimed to develop a sustainable management strategy using composted animal manures (CAMs) derived from poultry, cow, and sheep sources, along with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), including <em>Pseudomonas</em> spp. and <em>Serratia</em> spp. Laboratory assays confirmed the strong nematicidal activity of both bacterial strains, demonstrating pronounced ovicidal and juvenile-lethal effects against <em>M. incognita</em>. While greenhouse and field trials demonstrated their efficacy in reducing nematode reproduction, root galling, and egg mass formation. Moreover, the combined application of CAMs and PGPR not only enhanced plant growth and grapevine productivity but also promoted beneficial free-living nematodes (FLNs), such as <em>Rhabditis</em> spp., and predatory nematodes (PNs), including <em>Mononchus</em> spp., contributing to improved soil health and ecological balance. These findings support the integration of organic amendments and rhizobacteria as an eco-friendly and effective alternative to synthetic nematicides in nematode-infested vineyards.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asia-pacific Entomology","volume":"28 3","pages":"Article 102454"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144827508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the quarantine potential of ethyl formate as a stand-alone phytosanitary treatment against Ceratitis capitata: A comparative study on naked condition and natural infestation in mandarin","authors":"Dongbin Kim ,&nbsp;Tae‐Hyung Kwon ,&nbsp;Bong-Su Kim ,&nbsp;Yonglin Ren ,&nbsp;Sung-Eun Lee ,&nbsp;Byung-Ho Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102459","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102459","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Mediterranean fruit fly, <em>Ceratitis capitata</em> (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae), is a globally invasive pest that threatens biosecurity and agricultural trade due to its broad host range and high adaptability. Effective quarantine treatments are essential to prevent its introduction and establishment. This study evaluated the efficacy of ethyl formate (EF) fumigation as a phytosanitary treatment against <em>C. capitata</em> under two conditions: (1) naked condition and (2) natural infestation in mandarin. EF fumigation was conducted at 23 °C for 4 h, and mortality was obtained across different developmental stages. Under naked conditions, LCt_99% values varied across developmental stages, with pupae showing the highest resistance (631.33 g h/m³) and adults the highest susceptibility (89.87 g h/m³) and eggs, 1st-2nd instar larvae and 3rd instar larvae were 406.86, 296.69 and 261.76 g h/m³, respectively. In naturally infested mandarins, significantly higher EF concentrations were required to achieve similar mortality levels, with LCt_99% values for eggs and 1st-2nd instar larvae recorded at 745.18 g h/m³ and 642.42 g h/m³, respectively. These findings suggest that EF fumigation is more effective in direct exposure conditions, whereas the penetration limitations in citrus fruits necessitate higher dosages. This study provides critical data for establishing effective EF based quarantine treatments against <em>C. capitata</em>, contributing to the development of standardized phytosanitary treatment protocols.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asia-pacific Entomology","volume":"28 3","pages":"Article 102459"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144891981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}