Journal of Asia-pacific Entomology最新文献

{"title":"Elucidating insect-virus associations in black pepper: Mealybug and tending ant influences on viral incidence in East Malaysia, Borneo","authors":"Marthiuz Ghany Buang ,&nbsp;Ameyra Aman-Zuki ,&nbsp;Nur Azura Adam ,&nbsp;Dewi Sartiami ,&nbsp;Patricia Jie Hung King ,&nbsp;Salmah Yaakop ,&nbsp;Muhamad Azmi Mohammed","doi":"10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102426","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102426","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Piper nigrum</em>, a key agricultural commodity in Sarawak, East Malaysia, is highly susceptible to the Piper yellow mottle virus (PYMoV), a badnavirus transmitted by mealybugs. This study aimed to identify the mealybug and tending ant species associated with black pepper plantations in Sarawak and assess the presence of PYMoV in mealybugs. Insects were collected from four divisions namely Kuching, Sibu, Bintulu, and Miri between 2020 and 2022. Species identification was performed using morphological and DNA barcoding techniques, while molecular methods were employed to detect PYMoV. Seven mealybug species were identified: <em>Planococcus minor</em>, <em>Ferrisia virgata</em>, <em>Dysmicoccus lepelleyi</em>, <em>Planococcus</em> sp., <em>Pseudococcus</em> sp., <em>Phenacoccus</em> sp., and <em>Exallomochlus</em> sp., with percentage identity ranging from 94.05 % to 100 %. Additionally, 14 tending ant species were identified, including <em>Tapinoma indicum</em>, <em>Meranoplus bicolor</em>, <em>Anoplolepis gracilipes</em>, <em>Pheidole sauteri</em>, <em>Iridomyrmex anceps</em>, <em>Tetramorium cognatum</em>, <em>Crematogaster rogenhoferi</em>, <em>Camponotus</em> sp., <em>Dolichoderus</em> sp., <em>Leptogenys</em> sp., and four distinct <em>Crematogaster</em> species, with accuracies between 85.29 % and 100 %. PYMoV was detected in 6.58 % of the mealybugs, with <em>P. minor</em> and <em>Phenacoccus</em> sp. identified as hosts, the latter being a novel discovery. No significant association was found between specific mealybug species and PYMoV prevalence (p = 0.99), suggesting that other factors may influence viral transmission. However, a strong positive correlation (r = 1.00, p &lt; 0.05) was observed between ant presence and mealybug infestation, indicating that ants may facilitate mealybug dispersal. These findings highlight the necessity for continuous surveillance of mealybugs and tending ants to mitigate the spread of PYMoV and protect black pepper cultivation in Sarawak.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asia-pacific Entomology","volume":"28 3","pages":"Article 102426"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144166072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The ant (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) fauna of Sakhalin Island: A case study of the Poronaysky Nature Reserve","authors":"A.S. Ryabinin ,&nbsp;R.A. Bykov ,&nbsp;S.A. Lukashkov ,&nbsp;O.G. Vasilenko ,&nbsp;Yu. Yu. Ilinsky","doi":"10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102420","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102420","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Formicidae fauna has been thoroughly studied in many regions around the world because ants are an important component of ecosystems. Nonetheless, some areas especially in the northern part of Asia-Pacific region remain underexplored. Here we turned to a hard-to-reach terrain: the Poronaysky Nature Reserve (Sakhalin Island), which is protected against human activity by the government. In the summer of 2022, we collected 594 ants on two local routes near coastal areas. Ants were collected using both manual sampling and traps containing sugar syrup. Ant diversity proved to be represented by 14 species from five genera belonging two subfamilies: Formicinae and Myrmicinae. We report three species that have not been previously found on Sakhalin Island, which are <em>Formica polyctena</em> Foerster, 1850, <em>F. pratensis</em> Retzius, 1783, and <em>F. pressilabris</em> Nylander, 1846, as well as two species not previously found in the reserve: <em>Lasius niger</em> (Linnaeus, 1758) and <em>Myrmica ruginodis</em> Nylander, 1846. We noted that <em>Camponotus herculeanus</em> (Linnaeus, 1758) had the first rank in prevalence across the studied area. The current state of ant diversity is 36 species of five genera for Sakhalin Island and 16 species of five genera for the Poronaysky Nature Reserve.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asia-pacific Entomology","volume":"28 2","pages":"Article 102420"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144070842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional complexity of Parthenium beetle, Zygogramma bicolorata (Pallister) under thermal-stress conditions: Insights from Gene Ontology","authors":"Arvind Kumar Patel,&nbsp;Bhupendra Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102425","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102425","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We analyzed protein expression profiles in Parthenium beetles exposed to cold (15 °C), optimal (25 °C), and heat (35 °C) temperatures. The beetle is an effective biocontrol agent against the invasive Parthenium weed. We identified 620 proteins under cold stress, 334 proteins at the optimal temperature, and 603 proteins under heat stress, with 181 proteins common to all three temperature conditions. Compared to the 106 proteins expressed at the optimal temperature, 196 proteins were overexpressed under cold stress, while 180 proteins were overexpressed under heat stress. Under cold stress, significant Gene Ontology (GO) terms for molecular functions included pyridoxal phosphate binding, pyrophosphatase activity, and RNA helicase activity. Enriched cellular component terms were <em>trans</em>-Golgi network transport vesicle, endosome, and small ribosomal subunit. Biological processes emphasized small molecule biosynthesis, protein refolding, and carbohydrate metabolism. Under heat stress, significant GO terms for molecular functions involved proton transmembrane transporter activity, poly-A binding, and oxidoreductase activity. Cellular component terms included cytosol, coated vesicle, and nucleosome. Biological processes highlighted regulation of cellular stress response, primary active transmembrane transport, and heterochromatin formation. These findings reveal distinct protein sets and associated functions under thermal stress, providing insights into the beetle’s molecular mechanisms of thermal adaptation. The enriched GO terms indicate activation of different molecular pathways in response to cold and heat stress, involving various metabolic, transport, and stress response processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asia-pacific Entomology","volume":"28 2","pages":"Article 102425"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144070843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainability analysis of insect farming; case study of farming sago palm weevil (Rhynchophorus ferrugineus) in southern Thailand","authors":"Sampat Ghosh ,&nbsp;Bajaree Chuttong ,&nbsp;Khanchai Danmek ,&nbsp;Phattharawadee Aedtem ,&nbsp;Victor Benno Meyer-Rochow ,&nbsp;Chuleui Jung","doi":"10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102422","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102422","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study provides a detailed analysis of a medium-scale commercial sago palm weevil farm in Pattani province, Thailand. It focuses on farming techniques, sustainability, cost analysis, and carbon footprint calculation. The farming setup includes the use of plastic containers for breeding and utilizes sago palm sawdust and commercial pig feed as substrates. The larvae are reared in controlled conditions, with a typical production cycle of 45 days yielding 0.5 to 0.7 kg of larvae per container. The production cost per kilogram of larvae was calculated at 113.6 THB i.e. 3.4 USD, with a selling price of 200 THB, resulting in a net profit of 86 THB per kilogram, or approximately 43,000 THB i.e. 1274.1 USD per cycle. Sustainability analysis revealed that the farm’s carbon footprint is primarily driven by pig feed and energy consumption, with a total estimated annual carbon footprint of 8,041.25 kg CO₂e. The carbon footprint per kilogram of larvae turned out to be approximately 2.71 kg CO₂e which is lower than the conventional livestocks. This study highlights the economic viability of sago palm weevil farming and its environmental impact, suggesting areas for potential improvements in sustainability practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asia-pacific Entomology","volume":"28 2","pages":"Article 102422"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144069808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resistance allele frequencies of Chilo suppressalis populations to Cry1Ab in Chongqing","authors":"Wencai Lu,&nbsp;Lianjie Ma,&nbsp;Xingru Chen,&nbsp;Dong Wang,&nbsp;Yan Wang,&nbsp;Hui Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102423","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102423","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Transgenic rice expressing <em>Bacillus thuringiensis</em> (Bt) insecticidal toxins for insect resistance represent a novel method of controlling <em>Chilo suppressalis</em>; however, potential resistance of pests to Bt toxins is a key factor restricting sustainable application of transgenic Bt crops. Here, we assessed the initial risk of resistance to transgenic Bt rice in local <em>C. suppressalis</em> populations in the municipality of Chongqing in China by testing their sensitivities to Bt proteins and determining resistance allele frequencies. Toxicity testing showed that sensitivity of <em>C. suppressalis</em> populations to Bt toxins (Cry1Ab and Cry1Ac) varied across geographical areas (LC₅₀ ranges, 1.39–7.14 and 3.02–8.81 mg/L, respectively), with sensitivity of the Fengjie population to Cry1Ab 5.13-fold that of the Nanchuan population. F₂ screening showed that resistance allele frequencies to Cry1Ab in <em>C. suppressalis</em> larvae, pupae, and adults in Chongqing were 0.0048, 0.0050, and 0.0053 during 1999–2021, respectively. After 20 generations of resistance selection using Cry1Ab, the resistance level of the <em>C. suppressalis</em> population was 15.67-fold that of the initial population. These results demonstrate the presence of Bt protein-resistant <em>C. suppressalis</em> individuals, and a risk of producing resistant <em>C. suppressalis</em> populations, in the field in Chongqing, China.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asia-pacific Entomology","volume":"28 2","pages":"Article 102423"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144069802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrastructure and sense organs of ovipositors in the phytophagous gall-maker pest Ophelimus maskelli (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) and its parasitoid, Closterocerus chamaeleon (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)","authors":"Yuan-Hao Li ,&nbsp;Yu-Yue Huang ,&nbsp;Yu-Chun Huang,&nbsp;Xiao-Rong Tang,&nbsp;Wen-Ting Huang,&nbsp;Xia-Lin Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102424","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102424","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ultrastructure and sense organs of ovipositors in the phytophagous gall-maker pest <em>Ophelimus maskelli</em> and its parasitoid, <em>Closterocerus chamaeleon</em> were observed with scanning electron microscopy. The ovipositors of both species were comprised of 3-paired valvulae (first, second and third valvulae) and ended in a pointed tip. There were three types of sensilla (i.e., sensilla chaetica I and II; sensilla campaniformia) and three types of microtrichia (i.e., microtrichia I, II and III) on the ovipositors of <em>O. maskelli</em>, and six types of sensilla (i.e., sensilla chaetica I and III; sensilla styloconica I, II and III; sensilla campaniformia) and three types of microtrichia (i.e., microtrichia IV, V and VI) on the ovipositors of <em>C. chamaeleon.</em> The morphology, types, distribution, length, and width of these sensilla and microtrichia were described, and their possible functions were discussed in relation to the stinging, oviposition, and host selection process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asia-pacific Entomology","volume":"28 2","pages":"Article 102424"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143941428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing organophosphate and pyrethroid resistance levels of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in frequent and infrequent application areas of Taiwan","authors":"Chang-Yu Wu ,&nbsp;Shu-Mei Dai ,&nbsp;Chin-Gi Huang ,&nbsp;Yu-Hsien Chen ,&nbsp;Wen-Ting Wang ,&nbsp;Chien-Yu Chen ,&nbsp;Ju-Chun Hsu","doi":"10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102421","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102421","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Aedes aegypti</em> mosquitoes spread a number of diseases that cause significant impacts to public health. In Taiwan, <em>Ae. aegypti</em> are mainly controlled using chemical insecticides, but previous studies indicate that <em>Ae. aegypti</em> may have developed resistance to several insecticides. We hypothesized that <em>Ae. aegypti</em> resistance levels could be affected by insecticide application frequencies and therefore compared transcriptome information, expressions of metabolic resistance genes, and gene mutations of field adult mosquitoes collected from Kaohsiung City (frequent application area, insecticides applied once a week) and Tainan City (infrequent application area, insecticides applied only when dengue cases were discovered); a laboratory strain was established as control. Next-generation sequencing was used to identify potential resistance genes from four main detoxification categories, bioassays were used to determine knockdown effects and mortality rates, and point mutations relating to target resistance were further analyzed. A total of 50 detoxification differential transcripts were identified following comparison with the laboratory strain, and more differential transcripts were found in mosquitos collected from the frequent application area (Kaohsiung). Mosquitoes from areas with frequent applications displayed lower mortality rates, confirming a difference in resistance levels. Additionally, mosquitoes from frequent application areas showed higher levels of resistance to pyrethroids compared with organophosphates. We found silent mutations at G923, L982, and A1007, as well as point mutations at S989P, V1016G, F1534C, and D1763Y. V1016G occurred in all four strains we collected, indicating that pyrethroid resistance in <em>Ae. aegypti</em> has begun to develop in all regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asia-pacific Entomology","volume":"28 2","pages":"Article 102421"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143941396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Virulence of Beauveria bassiana ARP14 on two ladybird beetles: Harmonia axyridis and Chilocorus sp.","authors":"Md. Rasel Raju,&nbsp;Md. Rajib Hasan,&nbsp;Un Taek Lim","doi":"10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102419","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102419","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ladybird beetles are common predators that help reduce populations of many pest insects. In this study, we compared the virulence of a native entomopathogenic fungus, <em>Beauveria bassiana</em> ARP14, with a commercial strain (GHA) of the same species to two ladybird beetles, <em>Harmonia axyridis</em> and <em>Chilocorus</em> sp. The pathogen was applied via topical application in the laboratory at 1 × 10⁸ conidia/ml. The ST₅₀ values were not different between the ARP14 and GHA strains for larval <em>H. axyridis</em>, but were higher for the ARP14 strain for adults of both species. ARP14 showed less virulence against adult ladybird beetles than did GHA. However, the mycosis rates on larval <em>H. axyridis</em> by the ARP14 strain reached 83.3 % at 16 days after treatment, while it was 56.7 % for the GHA strain. Mycosis rates in adults were not different between the ARP14 (up to 56.7 %) and GHA (up to 43.3 %) strains. <em>Chilocorus</em> sp. adults showed higher mycosis rates in ARP14 (up to 80.0 %) than in GHA (up to 46.7 %) for the period from 15 to 20 days after treatment. Therefore, we conclude that <em>B. bassiana</em> ARP14 did not increase ladybird beetle’s mortality, its higher mycosis rate indicates a potential risk to beetles, requiring further study to assess ecological compatibility.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asia-pacific Entomology","volume":"28 2","pages":"Article 102419"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143916092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lecanicillium saksenae: a novel nematophagous fungus against root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White, 1919) from Kerala, India","authors":"P. Sreeja ,&nbsp;O.P. Reji Rani ,&nbsp;Mani Chellappan","doi":"10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102416","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102416","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Identification of virulent nematophagous fungi is of great importance in biocontrol of plant parasitic nematodes. <em>Lecanicillium saksenae</em> is an indigenous isolate from Kerala, India with a high speed of kill against hemipteran pests. Nematophagous nature of the fungus unveiled in the preliminary studies prompted to evaluate its pathogenicity against root-knot nematode, <em>Meloidogyne incognita. In vitro</em> studies confirmed parasitism on nematode eggs eventually leading to its disintegration within 10 days. Bioefficacy studies carried out on eggs with partially purified hydrolytic enzymes revealed that the hatching was significantly reduced to 18.8 % with chitinase (100 μg/mL) and 10.4 % with protease (100 μg/mL) as against 70.80 % in absolute control. The combined application of protease and chitinase further decreased the egg hatching to 7.8 %. Scanning electron microscopy of the enzyme-treated eggs exhibited uneven and shrunken surfaces with distinct lines of breakage on the outer vitelline layer. Bioefficacy studies with the culture filtrate of <em>L. saksenae</em> on J₂ of <em>M. incognita</em> unveiled that the highest concentration (100 %), resulted in 100 % mortality after 96 h as compared to the control (12.5 %). In the egg hatching assay, the hatching per cent was only 3.25 at 120 h as against 76.25 per cent in control. The nematicidal potential of <em>L. saksenae</em> identified in this study would pave the way to the possibilities of tapping its potential as a biocontrol agent against <em>M. incognita</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asia-pacific Entomology","volume":"28 2","pages":"Article 102416"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144069809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Joint toxicity and control efficacy of chemical pesticides and insecticidal bacteria against Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)","authors":"Hui-Zi Wu ,&nbsp;Xing-Run Pan ,&nbsp;Jun Shen ,&nbsp;Pei-Yun He ,&nbsp;Hai-Qun Cao ,&nbsp;Cheng-Wang Sheng ,&nbsp;Jia-Sheng Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102414","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102414","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The fall armyworm (FAW), <em>Spodoptera frugiperda</em> (J.E. Smith), is a globally prevalent pest, posing a substantial threat to a wide range of crops. Nevertheless, the long-term and excessive application of single pesticides has led to the development of resistance to multiple pesticides in FAW. In this study, nine different combinations of two compound mixed pesticides were investigated. The combinations of Metaflumizone (MFZ) with <em>Empedobacter brevis</em>, and Emamectin benzoate (EMB) with <em>Bacillus thuringiensis</em> G033A all demonstrated significant synergistic effects in the control of FAW, with their Coefficient of Toxicity Collaboration (CTC) all surpassing 120. When the recommended dose of <em>E. brevis</em> was reduced by 50%, and the recommended dose of MFZ was decreased by 25%, and 50% respectively, the compound pesticides still maintained high field control efficacy against FAW (over 80% on the 7th day). Similarly, when the recommended dose of <em>B. thuringiensis</em> G033A was reduced by 50%, and the recommended dose of EMB was decreased by 25%, and 50%, respectively, high field control efficacy against FAW was also achieved (over 70% on the 7th day). Nevertheless, when the reduction of MFZ and EMB exceeded 75% of the recommended dose, the synergistic effect of the mixture also began to decline. Our research indicates that it is feasible to reduce the doses of both chemical pesticides and bioengineered bacteria by 50% each. The combinations of MFZ and <em>E.brevis</em>, as well as EMB and <em>B. thuringiensis</em> G033A, can be effectively applied for the control of FAW.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asia-pacific Entomology","volume":"28 2","pages":"Article 102414"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143876607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}