Journal of Asia-pacific Entomology最新文献

{"title":"Identification of candidate genes engaged in the sex-determination cascade in Eupolyphaga sinensis walker","authors":"Rui Zhu,&nbsp;Fei Yang,&nbsp;Tielong Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102434","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102434","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Eupolyphaga sinensis</em> is a sexually dimorphic and an important medicinal insect in the East Asian traditional medicine. To deeply comprehend the sex-determination process underlying <em>Eupolyphaga sinensis</em>, this study conducted a large-scale transcriptomic analysis of its sex-determination genes. In total, 79,705 unigenes were derived via transcriptome sequencing, assembly, and annotation, and they had 836.30 bp and an N50 of 1422 bp. Putative sex-determination genes in <em>E. sinensis</em>, including <em>doublesex</em> (<em>dsx</em>), <em>transformer-2</em>, <em>intersex</em>, and <em>fruitless</em>, which are key ones often engaged in arthropod sex determination, were identified and characterized. For <em>E. sinensis</em>, a comparative network of protein–protein interactions for the sex-determination cascade was developed, using the network from the model insect <em>Drosophila melanogaster</em> as a reference. This research results offer a framework for determining target genes and comprehending the regulation of the sex-determination cascade in <em>E. sinensis</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asia-pacific Entomology","volume":"28 3","pages":"Article 102434"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144480151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In silico molecular docking analysis on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition activity on Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus by β-isocostic acid","authors":"Alex Yagoo ,&nbsp;M.C. John Milton ,&nbsp;Jelin Vilvest ,&nbsp;Antony Stalin","doi":"10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102433","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102433","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing prevalence of mosquito-borne diseases poses serious public health and economic threats, further exacerbated by the emergence of insecticide resistance in mosquito populations. Although conventional insecticides are effective, they contribute to environmental degradation and resistance development. This study investigates the insecticidal potential of β-isocostic acid, a plant-derived compound that targets acetylcholinesterase (AChE) to disrupt neurotransmission in <em>Aedes aegypti</em> and <em>Culex quinquefasciatus</em>, two major mosquito vectors. Molecular docking was employed to evaluate and compare the AChE binding affinity and interaction patterns of β-isocostic acid with that of the standard insecticide temephos. Ligand structures were retrieved from PubChem and optimized using ChemDraw and the PRODRG server. Homology models of AChE1 for <em>Ae. aegypti</em> and <em>Cx. quinquefasciatus</em> were constructed based on the crystal structure of an <em>Anopheles gambiae</em> AChE mutant. Docking simulations were performed using AutoDock Tools with a grid-based approach and the Lamarckian Genetic Algorithm. β-Isocostic acid demonstrated strong binding affinity to AChE1 in both species, with binding energies of –8.2 kcal/mol for <em>Ae. aegypti</em> and –8.5 kcal/mol for <em>Cx. quinquefasciatus</em>, values comparable to those of temephos (–8.7 kcal/mol and –9.1 kcal/mol, respectively). These findings suggest that β-isocostic acid may serve as an eco-friendly insecticidal candidate, inhibiting AChE and impairing mosquito function. Given its promising binding profile, β-isocostic acid has potential as a sustainable alternative for mosquito control. Further in vivo studies are warranted to validate its efficacy and safety.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asia-pacific Entomology","volume":"28 3","pages":"Article 102433"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144312803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Community shift of aquatic insects following waste-water treatment implementation at Dongda Creek, Taichung City, Taiwan","authors":"Lilibeth A. Bucol ,&nbsp;Ching-Chen Lee ,&nbsp;Lan-Wai Yeh ,&nbsp;Li-Wei Wu ,&nbsp;Jyh-Min Chiang","doi":"10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102432","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102432","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urbanization and industrialization have severely degraded Taiwan’s freshwater ecosystems, including Dongda Creek in Taichung City, which received 10,000 tons of wastewater daily. To address this, a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) was constructed by Tunghai University and the Taichung City Government, and its ecological impact was assessed through water quality and aquatic insect diversity monitoring before (2019–2020) and after implementation (2021–2023). Water quality measurements included temperature, pH, nutrients, and dissolved oxygen, while aquatic insect communities were analyzed using diversity indices and multivariate techniques. Results revealed significant water quality improvements, including reduced fat content and total nitrogen levels, although nitrate concentrations increased. The dominance of pollution-tolerant Chironomidae declined post-WWTP, while sensitive taxa such as Baetidae, Hydrophilidae, and Libellulidae emerged, accompanied by significant increases in diversity indices (taxa richness, Shannon, and Simpson). Seasonal patterns in insect diversity became more pronounced after the WWTP became operational. Environmental variables such as pH, temperature, and biochemical oxygen demand significantly influenced insect distributions, with Chironomidae thriving under poor conditions and sensitive taxa increasing as water quality improved. This study demonstrates that WWTP implementation can enhance water quality and foster ecological recovery, as evidenced by the recolonization of sensitive aquatic insect taxa and increased diversity. These findings highlight the effectiveness of restoration projects like WWTPs in improving ecosystem health and underscore the importance of ecological monitoring in freshwater management and conservation. Dongda Creek serves as a valuable case study for guiding urban river restroration efforts in similar contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asia-pacific Entomology","volume":"28 3","pages":"Article 102432"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144312913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hyperthermia-induced transcriptome remodeling impairs embryo viability in Bombyx mori","authors":"Ying Li ,&nbsp;Zhenbo Sun ,&nbsp;Xinlei Liu ,&nbsp;Qiong Yang ,&nbsp;Yang Xiao ,&nbsp;Qingrong Li ,&nbsp;Weilong Zhang ,&nbsp;Jianping Duan ,&nbsp;Dongxu Xing","doi":"10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102431","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102431","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Acid treatment at an appropriate temperature can simultaneously prevent egg diapause and microsporidian transmission in sericulture. However, the transcriptional features associated with excessive thermal stress in the eggs of <em>Bombyx mori</em> remain unclear, which limits further studies on this dual-purpose treatment. Here, we comparatively analyzed the effects of two temperatures and proposed that 47.5°C (T1) and 48.5°C (T2) represent threshold and extreme temperatures for diapause termination, respectively. Furthermore, the full-length (FL) transcriptome was used to produce 49,444 high-confidence transcripts, including 1,571 long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Comprehensive transcriptome analysis showed that 274 downregulated and 255 upregulated genes were identified in the T2 treatment relative to the T1 counterpart, including 82 differentially expressed transcription factor genes. Noticeably, 23 downregulated Homeobox genes and 5 upregulated bHLH genes were detected. Six lncRNAs were differentially expressed between the T2 and T1 treatments. Functional enrichment analysis showed that the downregulated genes were significantly enriched in gene expression regulation and carbohydrate and important amino acid metabolism. However, upregulated genes were mainly involved in the pathways closely related to heat shock proteins (HSPs), indicating their conserved functions in stress responses and molecular chaperones. This study provides comprehensive insights on the genes expressed in <em>B. mori</em> eggs exposed to extreme thermal stress and provides a valuable resource for in-depth investigations of the response of embryos to excessive thermal stress and the balance between effective pathogen control and maintenance of embryo viability in silkworm.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asia-pacific Entomology","volume":"28 3","pages":"Article 102431"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144289141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Botanical pesticides as sustainable alternatives for managing lychee fruit borer (Conopomorpha sinensis): Balancing pest control and biodiversity Conservation","authors":"Tianhang Zuo,&nbsp;Fujing Zheng,&nbsp;Luoluo Wang,&nbsp;Jidong Xian","doi":"10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102430","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102430","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Conopomorpha sinensis</em> Bradley (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), commonly known as the lychee fruit borer, is a major pest that severely impacts lychee production, causing significant fruit damage and economic losses. Although chemical pesticides, such as beta-cypermethrin, are effective in controlling this pest, their extensive application raises critical issues, including environmental pollution, pest resistance, and a decline in biodiversity within orchard ecosystems. This study evaluated botanical pesticides as sustainable alternatives to chemical controls. Field trials showed that the combined application of rotenone and azadirachtin provided the highest efficacy—exceeding 80% at multiple time points—and significantly reduced fruit infestation compared to beta-cypermethrin. Furthermore, eco-friendly pest management strategies involving botanical pesticides enhanced arthropod biodiversity, supported natural enemies, and contributed to effective pest regulation, thereby fostering a more balanced and resilient agroecosystem. These findings underscore the benefits of adopting botanical pesticides as a sustainable pest management strategy, offering effective control of <em>C. sinensis</em> while preserving ecological health. This approach provides a promising pathway toward sustainable and environmentally responsible lychee production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asia-pacific Entomology","volume":"28 3","pages":"Article 102430"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144242146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring housefly (Diptera: Muscidae) larvae as a sustainable source of oil: A potential non-edible feedstock high in unsaturated fatty acids","authors":"Cristina Jansen-Alves ,&nbsp;Daisa Hakbart Bonemann ,&nbsp;Tamara Mendes Leite Silva Trindade ,&nbsp;Bruna da Fonseca Antunes ,&nbsp;Catarine Peter Belletti ,&nbsp;Rosinei Silva Santos ,&nbsp;Nathalia Stark Pedra ,&nbsp;Jean Pierre Oses ,&nbsp;Rafael da Silva Gonçalves ,&nbsp;Sandro Daniel Nörnberg ,&nbsp;Roselia Maria Spanevello ,&nbsp;Elessandra da Rosa Zavareze ,&nbsp;Claudio Martin Pereira de Pereira","doi":"10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102429","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102429","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the quest for innovative alternatives for metabolizable energy, the focus has shifted to the biomass of insect larvae. This study aimed to extract oil from the larval biomass of the housefly (<em>Musca domestica</em> L. 1758, Diptera: Muscidae) and to analyze the oil yield, fatty acid profile, quality indices, infrared spectra, metal concentrations, antioxidant activity, and cytotoxicity using a mouse fibroblast cell line (L929). The results demonstrated that the oil yield extracted from housefly larvae biomass was 26.3 %. The fatty acid profile revealed a high content of monounsaturated fatty acids (50.6 %), polyunsaturated fatty acids (43.9 %), and saturated fatty acids (5.5 %), with oleic acid and linoleic acid as the predominant components. The peroxide index, acidity, and saponification value were measured at 4.30 meq/Kg, 0.021 mg KOH/g, and 0.65 mg KOH/g, respectively, indicating excellent oil quality. Infrared analysis revealed similar functional groups in both the larval biomass and the extracted oil; however, the O–H and C-O functional groups were absent in the oil. The housefly larvae biomass contained essential minerals, including Cu, Fe, K, Na, and Zn. The extracted oil showed low concentrations of potentially toxic elements such as Cr and Ni. Importantly, housefly oil exhibited no cytotoxic effects on healthy cells while reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and enhancing the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) enzymes, highlighting its significant antioxidant potential. Given their chemical compositions, both the housefly larval biomass and oil show promise for applications in human and animal nutrition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asia-pacific Entomology","volume":"28 3","pages":"Article 102429"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144222550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elucidating insect-virus associations in black pepper: Mealybug and tending ant influences on viral incidence in East Malaysia, Borneo","authors":"Marthiuz Ghany Buang ,&nbsp;Ameyra Aman-Zuki ,&nbsp;Nur Azura Adam ,&nbsp;Dewi Sartiami ,&nbsp;Patricia Jie Hung King ,&nbsp;Salmah Yaakop ,&nbsp;Muhamad Azmi Mohammed","doi":"10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102426","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102426","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Piper nigrum</em>, a key agricultural commodity in Sarawak, East Malaysia, is highly susceptible to the Piper yellow mottle virus (PYMoV), a badnavirus transmitted by mealybugs. This study aimed to identify the mealybug and tending ant species associated with black pepper plantations in Sarawak and assess the presence of PYMoV in mealybugs. Insects were collected from four divisions namely Kuching, Sibu, Bintulu, and Miri between 2020 and 2022. Species identification was performed using morphological and DNA barcoding techniques, while molecular methods were employed to detect PYMoV. Seven mealybug species were identified: <em>Planococcus minor</em>, <em>Ferrisia virgata</em>, <em>Dysmicoccus lepelleyi</em>, <em>Planococcus</em> sp., <em>Pseudococcus</em> sp., <em>Phenacoccus</em> sp., and <em>Exallomochlus</em> sp., with percentage identity ranging from 94.05 % to 100 %. Additionally, 14 tending ant species were identified, including <em>Tapinoma indicum</em>, <em>Meranoplus bicolor</em>, <em>Anoplolepis gracilipes</em>, <em>Pheidole sauteri</em>, <em>Iridomyrmex anceps</em>, <em>Tetramorium cognatum</em>, <em>Crematogaster rogenhoferi</em>, <em>Camponotus</em> sp., <em>Dolichoderus</em> sp., <em>Leptogenys</em> sp., and four distinct <em>Crematogaster</em> species, with accuracies between 85.29 % and 100 %. PYMoV was detected in 6.58 % of the mealybugs, with <em>P. minor</em> and <em>Phenacoccus</em> sp. identified as hosts, the latter being a novel discovery. No significant association was found between specific mealybug species and PYMoV prevalence (p = 0.99), suggesting that other factors may influence viral transmission. However, a strong positive correlation (r = 1.00, p &lt; 0.05) was observed between ant presence and mealybug infestation, indicating that ants may facilitate mealybug dispersal. These findings highlight the necessity for continuous surveillance of mealybugs and tending ants to mitigate the spread of PYMoV and protect black pepper cultivation in Sarawak.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asia-pacific Entomology","volume":"28 3","pages":"Article 102426"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144166072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The ant (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) fauna of Sakhalin Island: A case study of the Poronaysky Nature Reserve","authors":"A.S. Ryabinin ,&nbsp;R.A. Bykov ,&nbsp;S.A. Lukashkov ,&nbsp;O.G. Vasilenko ,&nbsp;Yu. Yu. Ilinsky","doi":"10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102420","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102420","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Formicidae fauna has been thoroughly studied in many regions around the world because ants are an important component of ecosystems. Nonetheless, some areas especially in the northern part of Asia-Pacific region remain underexplored. Here we turned to a hard-to-reach terrain: the Poronaysky Nature Reserve (Sakhalin Island), which is protected against human activity by the government. In the summer of 2022, we collected 594 ants on two local routes near coastal areas. Ants were collected using both manual sampling and traps containing sugar syrup. Ant diversity proved to be represented by 14 species from five genera belonging two subfamilies: Formicinae and Myrmicinae. We report three species that have not been previously found on Sakhalin Island, which are <em>Formica polyctena</em> Foerster, 1850, <em>F. pratensis</em> Retzius, 1783, and <em>F. pressilabris</em> Nylander, 1846, as well as two species not previously found in the reserve: <em>Lasius niger</em> (Linnaeus, 1758) and <em>Myrmica ruginodis</em> Nylander, 1846. We noted that <em>Camponotus herculeanus</em> (Linnaeus, 1758) had the first rank in prevalence across the studied area. The current state of ant diversity is 36 species of five genera for Sakhalin Island and 16 species of five genera for the Poronaysky Nature Reserve.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asia-pacific Entomology","volume":"28 2","pages":"Article 102420"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144070842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional complexity of Parthenium beetle, Zygogramma bicolorata (Pallister) under thermal-stress conditions: Insights from Gene Ontology","authors":"Arvind Kumar Patel,&nbsp;Bhupendra Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102425","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102425","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We analyzed protein expression profiles in Parthenium beetles exposed to cold (15 °C), optimal (25 °C), and heat (35 °C) temperatures. The beetle is an effective biocontrol agent against the invasive Parthenium weed. We identified 620 proteins under cold stress, 334 proteins at the optimal temperature, and 603 proteins under heat stress, with 181 proteins common to all three temperature conditions. Compared to the 106 proteins expressed at the optimal temperature, 196 proteins were overexpressed under cold stress, while 180 proteins were overexpressed under heat stress. Under cold stress, significant Gene Ontology (GO) terms for molecular functions included pyridoxal phosphate binding, pyrophosphatase activity, and RNA helicase activity. Enriched cellular component terms were <em>trans</em>-Golgi network transport vesicle, endosome, and small ribosomal subunit. Biological processes emphasized small molecule biosynthesis, protein refolding, and carbohydrate metabolism. Under heat stress, significant GO terms for molecular functions involved proton transmembrane transporter activity, poly-A binding, and oxidoreductase activity. Cellular component terms included cytosol, coated vesicle, and nucleosome. Biological processes highlighted regulation of cellular stress response, primary active transmembrane transport, and heterochromatin formation. These findings reveal distinct protein sets and associated functions under thermal stress, providing insights into the beetle’s molecular mechanisms of thermal adaptation. The enriched GO terms indicate activation of different molecular pathways in response to cold and heat stress, involving various metabolic, transport, and stress response processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asia-pacific Entomology","volume":"28 2","pages":"Article 102425"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144070843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainability analysis of insect farming; case study of farming sago palm weevil (Rhynchophorus ferrugineus) in southern Thailand","authors":"Sampat Ghosh ,&nbsp;Bajaree Chuttong ,&nbsp;Khanchai Danmek ,&nbsp;Phattharawadee Aedtem ,&nbsp;Victor Benno Meyer-Rochow ,&nbsp;Chuleui Jung","doi":"10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102422","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102422","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study provides a detailed analysis of a medium-scale commercial sago palm weevil farm in Pattani province, Thailand. It focuses on farming techniques, sustainability, cost analysis, and carbon footprint calculation. The farming setup includes the use of plastic containers for breeding and utilizes sago palm sawdust and commercial pig feed as substrates. The larvae are reared in controlled conditions, with a typical production cycle of 45 days yielding 0.5 to 0.7 kg of larvae per container. The production cost per kilogram of larvae was calculated at 113.6 THB i.e. 3.4 USD, with a selling price of 200 THB, resulting in a net profit of 86 THB per kilogram, or approximately 43,000 THB i.e. 1274.1 USD per cycle. Sustainability analysis revealed that the farm’s carbon footprint is primarily driven by pig feed and energy consumption, with a total estimated annual carbon footprint of 8,041.25 kg CO₂e. The carbon footprint per kilogram of larvae turned out to be approximately 2.71 kg CO₂e which is lower than the conventional livestocks. This study highlights the economic viability of sago palm weevil farming and its environmental impact, suggesting areas for potential improvements in sustainability practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asia-pacific Entomology","volume":"28 2","pages":"Article 102422"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144069808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}