Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management最新文献

{"title":"Assessment of Heavy Metals Content of Hand Dug Wells in Shasha Market, South Western, Nigeria","authors":"O. M. Ojo","doi":"10.4314/jasem.v27i10.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v27i10.5","url":null,"abstract":"The presence of heavy metals in potable water can cause serious health issues when consumed by humans. Hence, the objective of this paper is to assess the of heavy metals content of hand dug wells in Shasha market, Akure, South Western Nigeria were analyzed. The presence of five (5) heavy metals namely Zinc (Zn), Iron (Fe), Manganese (Mn), Cadmium (Cd) and Chromium (Cr) in the water samples were analyzed in the laboratory.  Atomic Absorption Spectrometry was used in the heavy metal analysis. The Zn, Fe and Mn contents of the water samples fell within WHO standard for potable water. However, the study revealed Cd contamination in 100% of the water samples analyzed with a range of 0.005 mg/L to 0.013 mg/L as against the WHO maximum permissible limit of 0.003 mg/L for potable water. The results revealed that the concentrations of Cr in all the samples analyzed ranged between 0.021 and 0.10 mg/L with only 20% of the well water samples analyzed having values above the WHO Cr maximum permissible limit of 0.05 mg/L for potable water. Even though the Zn, Fe and Mn contents of the water samples fell within WHO standard for potable water, adequate treatment is required for all the well water samples before human consumption.","PeriodicalId":15093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139310329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytochemical Composition, In vitro Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Methanol extract of Cheese Wood (Alstonia boonei) Leaves collected from Benin City, Nigeria","authors":"O. A. Osagie, U. Igbinogun, O. J. Okoh, K. Oriakhi","doi":"10.4314/jasem.v27i10.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v27i10.20","url":null,"abstract":"The Cheese wood (Alstonia boonei) tree, known as Egbu-ora in Igbo, Ahun in Yoruba, Ukpukunu in Urhobo and Ukhu in Edo, is a widely distributed plant in the lowlands and rain-forest areas of Nigeria. It has been listed in the African Pharmacopoeia as an antimalarial drug and a traditional medicine for the treatment of fever, painful micturition, insomnia, chronic diarrhoea, and rheumatic pains as antivenom for snake bites and in the treatment of arrow poisoning. This work aims to investigate the phytochemical composition, in vitro antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities of methanol extract of cheese Wood (Alstonia boonei) leaves collected from Benin City, Nigeria. This study investigated the phytochemical composition, antioxidants, and antimicrobial activities of methanol extract of the Alstonia boonei leaves using standard methods. The phytochemicals present in Alstonia boonei are flavonoids, phenols, saponins, terpenoids, tannins, alkaloids, proanthocyanidins, glycosides, steroids and phytosterols, the in-vitro antioxidant was accessed using DPPH radical scavenging assay, reducing power assay, ferric reducing antioxidant potential and Nitric Oxide inhibition. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated using the disk diffusion method. The total phenolic, proanthocyanidin, flavonoids and tannins were determined using standard methods. The methanolic extract of A. boonei was shown to be highest in total phenol, flavonoid, and tannin and showed moderate consideration in proanthocyanidins. The methanolic leaves extract of A. boonei has 50% inhibition concentration IC50 values for the radical scavenging activity of (64.47µg/mL), significantly higher than that of ascorbic acid (8.10 µg/mL). The reducing power assay showed that the standard ascorbic acid has better-reducing power when compared with A. boonei. However, A. boonei showed a marked increase at higher concentrations of (800 and 1000 µg/mL), and it also showed that A. boonei is a better nitric oxide inhibitor when compared with the standard gallic acid. The antimicrobial assay showed that A. boonei has better antifungal activity when compared to its antibacterial activity.","PeriodicalId":15093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139310788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Poultry Manure Rates on Growth and Yield of Three Species of Pepper (Capsicum spp.) in Awka, Southeastern Nigeria","authors":"D. E. Iheaturu, L. I. Agu, N. Okoli, I. Ibeawuchi","doi":"10.4314/jasem.v27i10.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v27i10.7","url":null,"abstract":"Pepper is one of the most important vegetable in the sub-sahara Africa, however, production is still limited by low soil fertility. Hence, the objective of this paper was to assess the effect of poultry manure rates on growth and yield of three Capsicum spp pepper (green pepper, nsukka yellow pepper, red bell pepper) species in Awka, Southeastern Nigeria using standard methods. The initial chemical composition of the soil and composition after the application of poultry manure was determined. Data collected include plant height (cm), number of leaf, leaf area (cm2), stem girth (mm), number of days to 50% flowering, fruit per plant and fresh fruit yield (kg ha-1), fruit length, fruit circumference, fruit diameter, number of locus, number of seeds and fruit thickness. All the data were subjected to analysis of variance using the ANOVA method and difference between treatments means were determined using least significant difference test (LSD). Result showed that the application of poultry manure significantly increased soil fertility with a corresponding increase in growth and yield. Application rate of 8,000kg/ha is also recommended for optimum growth.","PeriodicalId":15093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management","volume":"288 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139310166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Nutritional Value of Selected Underutilized Green Leafy Vegetables in Southwestern Nigeria","authors":"G. O. Okunlola, O. A. Olatunji, E. D. Olowolaju, A. B. Refai, A. O. Makanjuola, I. E. Adeosun","doi":"10.4314/jasem.v27i10.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v27i10.18","url":null,"abstract":"The need for underutilized leafy vegetables as food has been greatly emphasized owing to the increase in knowledge of the value of the essential nutrients they can provide. In this study, an assessment of the nutritional value of underutilized leafy vegetables collected in Southwestern Nigeria, and their content for mineral nutrients (K, Na, P, Ca, and Mg), essential vitamins (A, C, and E), and proximate composition was carried out on ten vegetables: Jatropha tanjorensis, Solanum nigrum, Talinum triangulare, Solanecio biafrae, Vernonia amygdalina, Crassocephalum crepidoides, Telfairea occidentalis, Amaranthus hydridus, Launaea taraxacifolia and Solanum macrocarpon. From this study, it was observed that the ten vegetables provide mineral concentrations exceeding 0.01%, essential vitamins exceeding 0.5%, ash exceeding 5%, moisture exceeding 5% of plant dry matter, crude fiber exceeding 10%, protein, crude fat exceeding 5%, and carbohydrate exceeding 30%. High levels of potassium, vitamin A, vitamin C, crude fat, and carbohydrates were noticed in Jatropha tanjorensis. High levels of both sodium and calcium were noticed in Solanecio biafrae. Amaranthus hydridus, Vernonia amygdalina, and Solanum nigrum were noted to be good sources of protein. The range of values of mineral nutrients, essential vitamins, proximate composition, and recommended dietary allowances of the studied leafy vegetables are very similar to those obtained in typical conventional edible leafy vegetables. The results therefore provide evidence that these underutilized leafy vegetables are well endowed with essential nutrients and could be important contributors to improving the nutritional content of humans.","PeriodicalId":15093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139310026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Appraisement of Some Heavy Metals in Kuru Dam, Jos South L.G.A, Plateau State, Nigeria","authors":"E. Oiganji, D. C. Stella, S. S. Kahya, A. Ahmed","doi":"10.4314/jasem.v27i10.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v27i10.15","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to assess the concentrations of selected heavy metals at Kuru Dam. The result obtained shows that Fe ranged from 0.05- 0.55ppm, As 0.13-0.18ppm, Cu 0.06-0.36ppm, Pb 0.08 -0.46, Cd 0.01-0.02ppm, while Zn 0.01-0.01ppm. The results were compared with, FAO and NESREA standards. The data revealed that Fe, Zn, Cu and Cd concentration levels were found to be less than permissible limit concentration levels of while Cd, Pb, and As in water samples were beyond acceptable limit. Excess Cd could lead to kidney damage, respiratory problems, increased risk of lung cancer, and bone diseases; high concentration of Lead could cause cognitive impairments, learning disabilities, developmental issues in children, while overexposure to Arsenic may cause skin lesions, cardiovascular diseases, lung cancer, bladder cancer, and induce developmental abnormalities in children, accordingly. More so, excess levels of cadmium, lead, and arsenic have extensive implications for human health, environmental sustainability, and socio-economic aspects in the study area.","PeriodicalId":15093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139310398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Principal Component Analysis for Investigating the Relationship between the Semester Results and Academic Performance of Students in a Polytechnic in Niger State, Nigeria","authors":"S.S. Ahmed, E. M. Yisa, M. Jibrin, G. Yahaya","doi":"10.4314/jasem.v27i10.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v27i10.29","url":null,"abstract":"Factor analysis permits the ability to simplify a set of complex variables using statistical procedures to explore the underlying dimensions that explain the relationships between the multiple variables. This paper therefore used factor analysis to investigate the relationship between the semester results and academic performance of students at a centre for continuing education and training in a Polytechnic in Niger State, Nigeria using principal component method after collecting data from 57 students. The findings of this study revealed that there is weak linear relationship between the variables. From the total variance explained table, 4 factors were extracted which accounted for 60.7% and the remaining factors only accounted for 39.3% of variation. Data obtained observed that Component 1 loads high on BAM225=0.625, Component 2 loaded as high as 0.549 for STP213, while Component 3 loaded for GNS201= 0.681 and Component 4 loads on GLTVII = 0.586. The results could signify the existence of these factors significantly contributing to the academic performance of students in polytechnic.","PeriodicalId":15093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139310815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physicochemical Parameters and Ichthyofaunal Composition of Streams in Ikono and Ibiono Ibom Local Government Area, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria","authors":"U. S. Jacob, A. C. Okobochi, U. E. Jonah, K. I. Ejemole, A. E. Oji, I. A. Isangedighi, N. S. Asifia, U. A. Inyang","doi":"10.4314/jasem.v27i10.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v27i10.17","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, physicochemical parameters and ichthyofaunal composition of streams in Ikono and Ibiono Ibom Local Government Area, Akwa Ibom State were investigated for five months. The highest water temperature was recorded in January, 30.33±0.0157 °C, while the lowest was in March, 22.42±0.0700 °C, all in station 3. The highest pH was recorded in December, 7.58±0.0057, while the lowest was in February, 5.53±0.0067, all in station 3. The highest electrical conductivity was recorded in December, 271±1.0000 µS/cm, in station 2, while the lowest was recorded in March 51±0.0000 µS/cm in station 3. The highest dissolved oxygen 8.71±0.0258 mg/l, was in December, while the lowest was recorded in January 5.44±0.0059 mg/l all in station 2. The highest biochemical oxygen demand was recorded in February 5.89±0.0257 mg/l, in station 1 while the lowest was recorded in January, and 3.12±0.0000 mg/l in station 3. A total of 529 fish belonging to 10 Families and 11 species were recorded. Family Cichlidae consisting of Chromidotililapia guentheri and Coptodon zillii had the highest percentage abundance of 25%, while Family Mormyridae had the lowest percentage abundance of 2.26%. Family Claroteidae Consisting of Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus was the most abundant fish recorded in all stations. Ecological indices analysis such as Margalef’s index (d) was highest, 1.786 in station 2, while the lowest, 1.175 in station 3. Shannon-weiners index (H) was highest, 0.9020 in station 1, while the lowest, 0.8493 was in station 2. Species evenness was highest 0.4103 in station 3, while the lowest 0.3846 was in station 1. Margalef’s index and Shannon-weiners index did not show any significant difference (p>0.05) across all the stations, while equitability shows a significant difference (p<0.05) across all the stations. This study provides critical ecological baseline information on the physico-chemical parameter and ichthyofaunal composition of streams in Ikono and Ibiono Ibom and shows the impact of human activities which could threaten the sustainability of the streams and their resources.","PeriodicalId":15093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139311031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cow dung Vermicomposting: A Comparative Study on Physicochemistry and Biodegradability of Eudrilus eugeniae and Lumbricus rubellus","authors":"B. Obolo, C. Ezeonyejiaku, J. J. Okeke, I. I. Offorbuike","doi":"10.4314/jasem.v27i10.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v27i10.9","url":null,"abstract":"A comparative study on the vermicomposting ability and efficacy of two earthworm species (Eudrilus eugeniae and Lumbricus rubellus) on cow dung was carried out using standard methods. Data collected showed that there was an increase in the major nutrients content such as nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus as well as the electrical conductivity regardless of the vermibeds or treatment while there was a decrease in the total organic carbon, organic matter regardless of the vermibeds or treatment except the vermibed with cowdung only. The lignin content also decreased across all the vermibeds except the one with cowdung and L. rubellus. Vermicompost of cowdung + L. rubellus had highest concentrations of nitrogen (4.47±0.38) and phosphorus (114.64±0.648), cowdung +Eudrilus eugeniae had the highest potassium (26.7±0.849) while cowdung +dry grass+ Eudrilus eugeniae had the highest organic matter (33.15±0.919) and lignin (19.78±0.396) and cowdung only had the highest organic carbon. The result of the environmental parameters carried out showed that the cowdung+dry grass + E. eugeniae had the highest moisture (80.1±0.141), cowdung +dry grass+ L. rubellus had highest pH while cowdung+dry grass+E. eugeniae had the highest temperature (30.1±0.283). E. eugeniae showed a better decomposition rate with percentage decomposition of 79.90% while L. rubellus has 74.27%. However, there were significant differences (p<0.05) among  the vemi-beds. In conclusion, the two species of earthworm L. rubellus and E. eugeniae are efficient in producing good nutrient quality vermicompost and are recommended for use in vermicomposting.","PeriodicalId":15093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139311309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Residents Perception of Mountain Tourism in Selected Communities in Ido-Osi Local Government Area, Ekiti State, Southwest, Nigeria","authors":"PA Agbebi, Adeogun","doi":"10.4314/jasem.v27i10.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v27i10.1","url":null,"abstract":"The study examined the perception of mountains tourism by residents of some selected communities in Ido/Osi local government area, Ekiti State. Specifically, the study examined; residents’ perceived personal benefits derivable from mountain tourism; its perceived impact on community life and image; perceived impact on community economy; perceived attachment to mountains and hills tourism, and perceived promotional campaign in providing an awareness of the destinations to outside world. The study population was the residents of the selected communities in Ido/Osi local government of Ekiti State. 200 residents were purposively selected from the communities. Data collection was through self-administered questionnaires.  Descriptive and one-sample T test statistical tools were used to analyze socio-economic characteristics of respondents and hypothesis respectively. The study showed that the perceptions of residents of the communities about mountains tourism were positive and significant.    The study will contribute to the existing knowledge of mountain tourism, particularly as related to perception of residents of the communities in Ekiti State and Nigeria at large. Thus, it is pertinent for Ekiti State government to explore the mountain tourism sites in the communities for development and transformation in order to help the State achieve her sustainable tourism development goal and also improve her internally generated revenue.","PeriodicalId":15093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management","volume":"220 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139310168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Particle Size and Filler Content on Mechanical Properties of Avocado Wood Flour-Low Density Polyethylene Composite","authors":"R. M. Government, S. A. Ngabea","doi":"10.4314/jasem.v27i10.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v27i10.23","url":null,"abstract":"The application of natural material excavates from wood source in composite production has increased taking the merit of low cost, readily available and light weight. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of particle size and filler content on the mechanical properties of avocado wood flour-low density polyethylene composite (AWF-LDPE) modified with NaOH/CH3C00H using Response Surface Methodology. The influence of process parameters (size and weight of avocado wood flour (AWF)) on the properties (elongation, flexural strength, flexural modulus and impact strength) of the produced composite was evaluated. The AWF was injected at the size of particles from 20-100 mesh (850-150 µm) and flour content of 5-25 % wt into low-density polyethylene (LDPE) matrix to produce the composite of AWF-LDPE by the process of the injection molding machine. The optimization for the process parameters and mechanical properties of the composites was done using central composite design (CCD) of response surface methodology. The optimum condition for the factors and the properties of the composite were forecast with regression models of CCD. The ultimate process conditions for the process variables were 100 mesh size and 25 % wood flour content, while the properties were 4.8768 % elongation, 41.2921 MPa flexural strength, 0.6614 GPa flexural modulus and 83.384 KJ/m2 impact strength. The coefficient of determinations (R2) was close to unity with the maximum error of 0.09139 %. The values obtained from the AWF-LDPE composite at optimum condition indicated that it is recommended for suitable material for particle board in interior part of appliances and automobile application.","PeriodicalId":15093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139309907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}