Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology最新文献_第10页

Application of Machine Learning Techniques to Ocean Mooring Time-Series Data 机器学习技术在海洋系泊时间序列数据中的应用

IF 2.2 4区地球科学

Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology Pub Date : 2022-12-28 DOI: 10.1175/jtech-d-21-0183.1

B. Sloyan, C. Chapman, R. Cowley, A. Charantonis

{"title":"Application of Machine Learning Techniques to Ocean Mooring Time-Series Data","authors":"B. Sloyan, C. Chapman, R. Cowley, A. Charantonis","doi":"10.1175/jtech-d-21-0183.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-21-0183.1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000In situ observations are vital to improving our understanding of the variability and dynamics of the ocean. A critical component of the ocean circulation are the strong, narrow and highly variable western boundary currents. Ocean moorings that extend from the sea floor to the surface remain the most effective and efficient method to fully observe these currents. For various reasons mooring instruments may not provide continuous records. Here we assess the application of the Iterative Completion Self Organising Maps (ITCOMPSOM) machine learning technique to fill observational data gaps in a 7.5 year time-series of the East Australian Current. The method was validated by withholding parts of fully known profiles, and reconstructing them. For 20% random withholding of known velocity data validation statistics of the u- and v-velocity components are R2 coefficients of 0.70 and 0.88 and, root mean square errors of 0.038 m s−1 and 0.064 m s−1, respectively. Withholding 100 days of known velocity profiles over a depth range between 60 m to 700 m has mean profile residual differences between true and predicted u- and v-velocity of 0.009 m s−1 and 0.02 m s−1, respectively. The ITCOMPSOM also reproduces the known velocity variability. For 20% withholding of temperature and salinity data root mean square error of 0.04 and 0.38°C, respectively, are obtained. The ITCOMPSOM validation statistics are significantly better than those obtained when standard data filling methods are used. We suggest that machine learning techniques can be an appropriate method to fill missing data and enable production of observational-derived data products.","PeriodicalId":15074,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49582257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessment of Atmospheric and Oceanographic Measurements from an Autonomous Surface Vehicle 自主水面飞行器的大气和海洋测量评估

IF 2.2 4区地球科学

Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology Pub Date : 2022-12-15 DOI: 10.1175/jtech-d-22-0060.1

A. Amador, S. Merrifield, E. Terrill

{"title":"Assessment of Atmospheric and Oceanographic Measurements from an Autonomous Surface Vehicle","authors":"A. Amador, S. Merrifield, E. Terrill","doi":"10.1175/jtech-d-22-0060.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-22-0060.1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The present work details the measurement capabilities ofWave Glider Autonomous Surface Vehicles (ASVs) for research-grade meteorology, wave, and current data. Methodologies for motion compensation are described and tested, including a correction technique to account for Doppler shifting of the wave signal. Wave Glider measurements are evaluated against observations obtained fromWorld Meteorological Organization (WMO)-compliant moored buoy assets located off the coast of Southern California. The validation spans a range of field conditions and includes multiple deployments to assess the quality of vehicle-based observations. Results indicate that Wave Gliders can accurately measure wave spectral information, bulk wave parameters, water velocities, bulk winds, and other atmospheric variables with the application of appropriate motion compensation techniques. Measurement errorswere found to be comparable to those from reference moored buoys and within WMO operational requirements. The findings of this study represent a step towards enabling the use of ASV-based data for the calibration and validation of remote observations and assimilation into forecast models.","PeriodicalId":15074,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44971506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Retrieval of Peak Thunderstorm Wind Velocities using WSR-88D Weather Radars 利用WSR-88D天气雷达反演雷暴峰值风速

IF 2.2 4区地球科学

Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology Pub Date : 2022-12-12 DOI: 10.1175/jtech-d-22-0028.1

I. Ibrahim, G. Kopp, D. Sills

{"title":"Retrieval of Peak Thunderstorm Wind Velocities using WSR-88D Weather Radars","authors":"I. Ibrahim, G. Kopp, D. Sills","doi":"10.1175/jtech-d-22-0028.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-22-0028.1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The current study develops a variant of the VAD method to retrieve thunderstorm peak event velocities using low-elevation WSR-88D radar scans. The main challenge pertains to the localized nature of thunderstorm winds which complicates single-Doppler retrievals as it dictates the use of a limited spatial scale. Since VAD methods assume constant velocity in the fitted section, it is important that retrieved sections do not contain background flow. Accordingly, the current study proposes an image processing method to partition scans into regions, representing events and the background flows, that can be retrieved independently. The study compares the retrieved peak velocities to retrievals using another VAD method. The proposed technique is found to estimate peak event velocities that are closer to measured ASOS readings, making it more suitable for historical analysis. The study also compares the results of retrievals from over 2600 thunderstorm events from 19 radar-ASOS station combinations that are less than 10 km away from the radar. Comparisons of probability distributions of peak event velocities for ASOS readings and radar retrievals showed good agreement for stations within 4 km from the radar while more distant stations had a higher bias towards retrieved velocities compared to ASOS velocities. The mean absolute error for velocity magnitude increases with height ranging between 1.5 and 4.5 m s−1. A proposed correction based on the exponential trend of mean errors was shown to improve the probability distribution comparisons, especially for higher velocity magnitudes.","PeriodicalId":15074,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45059312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Monte Carlo Simulations for Evaluating the Accuracy of Geostationary Lightning Mapper Detection Efficiency and False Alarm Rate Retrievals 基于蒙特卡罗模拟的同步闪电成像仪检测效率和虚警率反演精度评估

IF 2.2 4区地球科学

Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology Pub Date : 2022-12-02 DOI: 10.1175/jtech-d-22-0050.1

K. Virts, W. Koshak

{"title":"Monte Carlo Simulations for Evaluating the Accuracy of Geostationary Lightning Mapper Detection Efficiency and False Alarm Rate Retrievals","authors":"K. Virts, W. Koshak","doi":"10.1175/jtech-d-22-0050.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-22-0050.1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Performance assessments of the Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM) are conducted via comparisons with independent observations from both satellite-based sensors and ground-based lightning detection (reference) networks. A key limitation of this evaluation is that the performance of the reference networks is both imperfect and imperfectly known, such that the true performance of GLM can only be estimated. Key GLM performance metrics such as detection efficiency (DE) and false alarm rate (FAR) retrieved through comparison with reference networks are affected by those networks’ own DE, FAR, and spatiotemporal accuracy, as well as the flash matching criteria applied in the analysis.\u0000This study presents a Monte Carlo simulation-based inversion technique that is used to quantify how accurately the reference networks can assess GLM performance, as well as suggest the optimal matching criteria for estimating GLM performance. This is accomplished by running simulations that clarify the specific effect of reference network quality (i.e., DE, FAR, spatiotemporal accuracy, and the geographical patterns of these attributes) on the retrieved GLM performance metrics. Baseline reference network statistics are derived from the Earth Networks Global Lightning Network (ENGLN) and the Global Lightning Dataset (GLD360).\u0000Geographic simulations indicate that the retrieved GLM DE is underestimated, with absolute errors ranging from 11% to 32%, while the retrieved GLM FAR is overestimated, with absolute errors of approximately 16-44%. GLM performance is most severely underestimated in the South Pacific. These results help quantify and bound the actual performance of GLM and the attendant uncertainties when comparing GLM to imperfect reference networks.","PeriodicalId":15074,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43455675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

A Temporal Gauge Quality Control Algorithm as a Method for Identifying Potential Instrumentation Malfunctions 一种用于识别仪表潜在故障的时间仪表质量控制算法

IF 2.2 4区地球科学

Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology Pub Date : 2022-11-22 DOI: 10.1175/jtech-d-22-0038.1

S. M. Martinaitis, Scott Lincoln, David S. Schlotzhauer, S. Cocks, Jian Zhang

{"title":"A Temporal Gauge Quality Control Algorithm as a Method for Identifying Potential Instrumentation Malfunctions","authors":"S. M. Martinaitis, Scott Lincoln, David S. Schlotzhauer, S. Cocks, Jian Zhang","doi":"10.1175/jtech-d-22-0038.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-22-0038.1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000There are multiple reasons as to why a precipitation gauge would report erroneous observations. Systematic errors relating to the measuring apparatus or resulting from observational limitations due to environmental factors (e.g., wind-induced undercatch or wetting losses) can be quantified and potentially corrected within a gauge dataset. Other challenges can arise from instrumentation malfunctions, such as clogging, poor siting, and software issues. Instrumentation malfunctions are challenging to quantify as most gauge quality control (QC) schemes focus on the current observation and not on whether the gauge has an inherent issue that would likely require maintenance of the gauge. This study focuses on the development of a temporal QC scheme to identify the likelihood of an instrumentation malfunction through the examination of hourly gauge observations and associated QC designations. The analyzed gauge performance resulted in a temporal QC classification using one of three categories: GOOD, SUSP, and BAD. The temporal QC scheme also accounts for and provides an additional designation when a significant percentage of gauge observations and associated hourly QC were influenced by meteorological factors (e.g., the inability to properly measure winter precipitation). Findings showed a consistent percentage of gauges that were classified as BAD through the running 7-day (2.9%) and 30-day (4.4%) analyses. Verification of select gauges demonstrated how the temporal QC algorithm captured different forms of instrumental-based systematic errors that influenced gauge observations. Results from this study can benefit the identification of degraded performance at gauge sites prior to scheduled routine maintenance.","PeriodicalId":15074,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46228199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Measuring Turbulent Dissipation with Acoustic Doppler Velocimeters in the Presence of Large, Intermittent, Infragravity Frequency Bores 用多普勒测速仪测量大的、间歇的、次重力频率孔中的湍流耗散

IF 2.2 4区地球科学

Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology Pub Date : 2022-11-08 DOI: 10.1175/jtech-d-21-0144.1

Duncan C. Wheeler, S. Giddings

{"title":"Measuring Turbulent Dissipation with Acoustic Doppler Velocimeters in the Presence of Large, Intermittent, Infragravity Frequency Bores","authors":"Duncan C. Wheeler, S. Giddings","doi":"10.1175/jtech-d-21-0144.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-21-0144.1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This manuscript presents several improvements to methods for despiking and measuring turbulent dissipation values with Acoustic Doppler Velocitmeters (ADVs). This includes an improved inertial sub-range fitting algorithm relevant for all experimental conditions as well as other modifications designed to address failures of existing methods in the presence of large infra-gravity (IG) frequency bores and other intermittent, nonlinear processes. We provide a modified despiking algorithm, wavenumber spectrum calculation algorithm, and inertial sub-range fitting algorithm that together produce reliable dissipation measurements in the presence of IG frequency bores, representing turbulence over a 30 minute interval. We use a semi-idealized model to show that our spectrum calculation approach works substantially better than existing wave correction equations that rely on Gaussian based velocity distributions. We also find that our inertial sub-range fitting algorithm provides more robust results than existing approaches that rely on identifying a single best fit and that this improvement is independent of environmental conditions. Finally, we perform a detailed error analysis to assist in future use of these algorithms and identify areas that need careful consideration. This error analysis uses error distribution widths to find, with 95% confidence, an average systematic uncertainty of ±15.2% and statistical uncertainty of ±7.8% for our final dissipation measurements. In addition, we find that small changes to ADV despiking approaches can lead to large uncertainties in turbulent dissipation and that further work is needed to ensure more reliable despiking algorithms.","PeriodicalId":15074,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43754367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Acoustic sensing of ocean mixed layer depth and temperature from uplooking ADCPs 海面adcp对海洋混合层深度和温度的声感测

IF 2.2 4区地球科学

Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology Pub Date : 2022-11-07 DOI: 10.1175/jtech-d-22-0055.1

S. Brenner, J. Thomson, L. Rainville, D. Torres, M. Doble, J. Wilkinson, Craig M. Lee

{"title":"Acoustic sensing of ocean mixed layer depth and temperature from uplooking ADCPs","authors":"S. Brenner, J. Thomson, L. Rainville, D. Torres, M. Doble, J. Wilkinson, Craig M. Lee","doi":"10.1175/jtech-d-22-0055.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-22-0055.1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Properties of the surface mixed layer (ML) are critical for understanding and predicting atmosphere-sea ice-ocean interactions in the changing Arctic Ocean. Mooring measurements are typically unable to resolve the ML in the Arctic due to the need for instruments to remain below the surface to avoid contact with sea ice and icebergs. Here, we use measurements from a series of three moorings installed for one year in the Beaufort Sea to demonstrate that upward looking Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers (ADCPs) installed on subsurface floats can be used to estimate ML properties. A method is developed for combining measured peaks in acoustic backscatter and inertial shear from the ADCPs to estimate the ML depth. Additionally, we use an inverse sound speed model to infer the summer ML temperature based on offsets in ADCP altimeter distance during open water periods. The ADCP estimates of ML depth and ML temperature compare favourably with measurements made from mooring temperature sensors, satellite SST, and from an autonomous Seaglider. These methods could be applied to other extant mooring records to recover additional information about ML property changes and variability.","PeriodicalId":15074,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48512705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

A Comparison of Beamforming and Direction Finding Algorithms (Beamscan and MUSIC) on a Linear Array HF Radar in a Medium to Low Wave Energy Environment 中低波能量环境下线阵高频雷达波束形成和测向算法(波束扫描和MUSIC)的比较

IF 2.2 4区地球科学

Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology Pub Date : 2022-11-03 DOI: 10.1175/jtech-d-22-0005.1

D. Cahl, G. Voulgaris, L. Leonard

{"title":"A Comparison of Beamforming and Direction Finding Algorithms (Beamscan and MUSIC) on a Linear Array HF Radar in a Medium to Low Wave Energy Environment","authors":"D. Cahl, G. Voulgaris, L. Leonard","doi":"10.1175/jtech-d-22-0005.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-22-0005.1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000We assess the performance of three different algorithms for estimating surface ocean currents from two linear array HF radar systems. The delay-and-sum beamforming algorithm, commonly used with beamforming systems, is compared with two direction finding algorithms, MUltiple Signal Classification (MUSIC) and direction finding using beamforming (Beamscan). A 7-month data set from two HF radar sites (CSW and GTN) on Long Bay, SC (USA) is used to compare the different methods. The comparison is carried out on three locations (mid-point along the baseline and two locations with in situ Eulerian current data available) representing different steering angles. Beamforming produces surface current data that show high correlation near the radar boresight (R2 ≥ 0.79). At partially sheltered locations far from the radar boresight directions (59° and 48° for radar sites CSW and GTN, respectively) there is no correlation for CSW (R2 = 0) and the correlation is reduced significantly for GTN (R2 = 0.29). Beamscan performs similarly near the radar boresight (R2 = 0.8 and 0.85 for CSW and GTN, respectively) but better than beamforming far from the radar boresight (R2 = 0.52 and 0.32 for CSW and GTN, respectively). MUSIC’s performance, after significant tuning, is similar near the boresight (R2 = 0.78 and 0.84 for CSW and GTN) while worse than Beamscan but better than beamforming far from the boresight (R2 = 0.42 and 0.27 for CSW and GTN, respectively). Comparisons at the mid-point (baseline comparison) show the largest performance difference between methods. Beamforming (R2 = 0.01) is the worst performer, followed by MUSIC (R2 = 0.37) while Beamscan (R2 = 0.76) performs best.","PeriodicalId":15074,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46942492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A bi-spectral approach for destriping and denoising the sea surface temperature from SGLI thermal infrared data SGLI热红外数据海面温度的双谱去噪方法

IF 2.2 4区地球科学

Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology Pub Date : 2022-11-02 DOI: 10.1175/jtech-d-22-0051.1

Yukio Kurihara

引用次数: 0

Derivation of New Daily Rainfall Values from TAO 1-Min Rain Gauge Data 从TAO 1分钟雨量表数据推导新的日降雨量

IF 2.2 4区地球科学

Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1175/jtech-d-22-0011.1

W. E. Cook, J. S. Greene

{"title":"Derivation of New Daily Rainfall Values from TAO 1-Min Rain Gauge Data","authors":"W. E. Cook, J. S. Greene","doi":"10.1175/jtech-d-22-0011.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-22-0011.1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Daily rainfall accumulation estimates have been derived from 1-min volume data collected via self-syphon rain gauges deployed in the Tropical Atmosphere–Ocean (TAO) array of oceanographic buoys. The underlying high-resolution volume data were obtained directly from the Global Tropical Moored Buoy Array (GTMBA) Project Office of NOAA/Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory. The derived accumulations have been incorporated into the Pacific Rainfall (PACRAIN) database as estimated daily values to augment existing sea level oceanic rainfall records gathered using traditional rain gauges. They have also been included in the PACRAIN historical, monthly gridded rainfall product. The methodology presented, which employs differencing of least squares–regressed sensor levels about 0000 UTC and rain gauge syphon events, is shown to offer improved error characteristics over the methodology used to compute previously published GTMBA rain rates. In particular, the PACRAIN method yields larger coefficients of determination and smaller standard errors than the duplicated GTMBA method when applied to synthetic rainfall data with noise magnitude and decorrelation times encompassing those observed in the real 1-min data. These results are shown to be consistent with mathematical expectations. Sources of instrument and catchment errors, as well as evaporation, are discussed in the context of their potential effects on accumulation estimates for periods of a day or longer.\u0000\u0000\u0000In this paper, we describe the derivation of daily rainfall amounts from raw rain gauge data obtained from buoy-mounted rain gauges. These new accumulation estimates expand the store of rainfall estimates from locations approximating the open-ocean conditions of the tropical Pacific Ocean. The derivation technique we describe exhibits better performance than the method used to generate previously published estimates using the same dataset.","PeriodicalId":15074,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47829711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0