{"title":"ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY PROFILE OF PIPER LONGUM FRUIT EXTRACT AGAINST PLANT PATHOGENIC FUNGI","authors":"Udomsri Ounchokdee, Soraya Rueangrit, T. Dethoup","doi":"10.57182/jbiopestic.9.2.97-103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57182/jbiopestic.9.2.97-103","url":null,"abstract":"A series of five-step experiments was conducted to construct the antifungal activity profile of P. longum extracts against plant pathogenic fungi in vitro. The ethanol crude extract exhibited potent activity against all tested fungi using disc diffusion method. The crude extract was then partially fractionated in order by column chromatography using six organic solvents, and evaluated for their antifungal activity. The results revealed that the fractions eluted with diethyl ether (DE) and ethyl acetate (EtOAc) exhibited potent antifungal activity against tested plant pathogens including Colletotrichum capsici, C. gloeosporioides and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense. This crude extract was also further fractionated with fifty-one mixed solvents with a gradient system, which were also evaluated for their antifungal activity. The fractions obtained from eluting with the combination of DE: EtOAc and petroleum ether (PE): chloroform (CHCl3) showed zone of inhibition towards tested plant pathogenic fungi ranged from 0.65 to 2.00 mm. The results suggested that the active compounds contained in DE and EtOAc fractions as well as micro-fractions from eluting with the mixture of PE: CHCl3 (F5- F8) and DE: EtOAc (F22-F30). The TLC chromatograms and antifungal activity of the macro- and micro-fractions were analyzed for construction the antifungal activity profile of P. longum.","PeriodicalId":15069,"journal":{"name":"journal of biopesticides","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71088640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Banerjee, S. Pal, Sunita Mukherjee, D. Podder, A. Mukherjee, A. Nandi, P. Debnath, P. K. Sur, S. Ghosh
{"title":"CELLULAR ABNORMALITIES INDUCED BY TRICHODERMA SPP. DURING IN VITRO INTERACTION AND CONTROL OF WHITE MUSCARDINE (BEAUVERIA BASSIANA) AND GREEN MUSCARDINE (METARHIZIUM ANISOPLIAE) DISEASE OF SILKWORM BOMBYX MORI","authors":"S. Banerjee, S. Pal, Sunita Mukherjee, D. Podder, A. Mukherjee, A. Nandi, P. Debnath, P. K. Sur, S. Ghosh","doi":"10.57182/jbiopestic.9.2.104-112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57182/jbiopestic.9.2.104-112","url":null,"abstract":"The silkworm is the larva of the domesticated silk moth, Bombyx mori. It is an economically important insect, being a primary producer of silk in sericulture industry. Among the silkworm diseases, white muscardine and green muscardine caused by Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae respectively possess a major threat to silk cocoon production. White muscardine is more common during rainy and winter seasons whereas green muscardine has its profound effect during hot and humid spells. Both these fungi Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae can be used as biopesticides to control a number of pests such as termites, whiteflies, and many other insects from larvae to adult stages. In this paper in vitro biological control of B. bassiana and M. anisopliae and cellular abnormalities induced by the application of two strains (T12 and T13) of Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma harzianum and Trichoderma spp. were studied, where T. viride T 12 (80.52%) provides maximum in vitro control of B. bassiana followed by T. harzianum (71.88%), Trichoderma spp. (68.16%) and T. viride T13 (62.89%). Against M. anisopliae, T. harzianum provides maximum in vitro control (68.02%), followed by T. viride T13 (64.68%), T. viride T12 (59.47%) and Trichoderma sp. (57.98%). During the interaction of pathogens and biocontrol agents hyphal coiling, granulation, distortion, vacuolation and bulging were recorded.","PeriodicalId":15069,"journal":{"name":"journal of biopesticides","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71088409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"TOXICOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF ESSENTIAL OILS AGAINST TRIBOLIUM CASTANEUM (COLEOPTERA:TENEBRIONIDAE) AND CALLOSOBRUCHUS MACULATUS (COLEOPTERA: BRUCHIDAE)","authors":"S. I. Tarigan, Dadang, I. Sakti Harahap","doi":"10.57182/jbiopestic.9.2.135-147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57182/jbiopestic.9.2.135-147","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to investigate the toxicity and physiological effect of cardamom, cinnamon and nutmeg oils against egg, larva, and adult of Tribolium castaneum Herbst and Callosobruchus maculatus F. Further biochemical tests were conducted to assess the impact of essential oils on total carbohydrate, protein, fat contents and also assess the enzymes esterase and glutathione s-transferase activity. The mortality results indicated that cinnamon oil has the highest efficacy against egg, larva, and adult of C. maculatus with an LC50 of 0.01%, 0.132%, and 0.186%, respectively compared with T. castaneum, which recorded 1.051%, 0.109%, and 1.239% respectively. Furthermore, all essential oils reduce the total carbohydrate, protein, and fat contents, and cinnamon oil demonstrated to be the most effective among the three essential oils. On the same note, cinnamon oil had a greater impact of inhibiting esterase and glutathione s-transferase activity compared to nutmeg and cardamom oils. Thus, from the results, all the tested essential oils produced a significant range of biological effect on T. castaneum and C. maculatus. However, cinnamon oil was the most effective making it suitable botanical extract to develop fumigant to control and manage T. castaneum and C. maculatus with less environmental hazards.","PeriodicalId":15069,"journal":{"name":"journal of biopesticides","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71088752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
U. Mallavadhani, B. R. Rajendra Prasad, P. Lakshmi Soujanya, M. Babu Rao, Malavath Ratanlal
{"title":"ALOE VERA (L.) BURM. F. : A HIGHLY USEFUL INDIAN TRADITIONAL PLANT FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF MAIZE STORAGE PEST, SITOPHILUS ORYZAE L. (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE)","authors":"U. Mallavadhani, B. R. Rajendra Prasad, P. Lakshmi Soujanya, M. Babu Rao, Malavath Ratanlal","doi":"10.57182/jbiopestic.9.2.157-166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57182/jbiopestic.9.2.157-166","url":null,"abstract":"Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f. is an important Indian traditional plant possessing wide range of biological activities. The present study is aimed to determine the repellent and contact toxicity of methanolic extracts of gel, root and leaf peel parts of fifteen A. vera accessions collected from 15 locations in India against maize storage pest, Sitophilus oryzae(L.). Petri dish choice bioassay and filter paper impregnation methods were used to determine repellent and contact toxicity respectively. Analysis of the results reveals that aloin A, the major metabolite of A. vera, at 0.02% w/v concentration possessed strong repellent activity (85.2 %) than sample AV 11a (gel of A. vera) at 5% w/v (82.7%) after 24-h of exposure. Interestingly, the percent repellency increases up to 5-h in all extracts screened. Aloin A at 0.0024 mg/cm2 showed 58.0% mortality against S. oryzae followed by sample AV 13b (leaf peel) at 0.6 mg/cm2 (56.0%) after 14 days of treatment. The content of Aloin A present in the six A. vera extracts, exhibiting highest toxicity and repellency, was determined by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography. The percent repellency and toxicity of A. vera vary with geographical location, plant parts, major metabolite concentration and exposure time. The potentiality of these plant extracts could be useful towards the development of effective bio repellent to S. oryzae in stored maize.","PeriodicalId":15069,"journal":{"name":"journal of biopesticides","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71088776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"FIELD EVALUATION OF PROMISING BIORATIONAL PESTICIDES AGAINST BRINJAL SHOOT AND FRUIT BORER, LEUCINODES ORBONALIS GUENEE","authors":"T. Islam, G. Das, M. Mahir Uddin","doi":"10.57182/jbiopestic.9.2.113-118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57182/jbiopestic.9.2.113-118","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study, efficacy of three bacterial fermented biopestcides viz., spinosad, emamectin bennzoate and abamectin and one insect growth regulator, buprofezin were evaluated against the infestation of brinjal shoot and fruit borer(BSFB), Leucinodes orbonalis (Guen) during January to July 2015. Biopesticides were applied either individually or in some selected combinations viz., buprofezin + emamectin benzoate, buprofezin + abamectin, buprofezin + spinosad and datawere collected on different parameters such as percent shoot infestation, percent fruit infestation and marketable fruit yield. It was found that all the treatments significantly reduced percent shoot (15.66-63.99% reduction) and fruit infestation (17.27-70.75% reduction) and increased marketable fruit yield over control (12.87-84.33% increase). The best result was found in case of combined treatment buprofezin + emamectin benzoate treated plots (70.75% shoot and 63.99% fruitprotection; highest marketable fruit yield of 9.94 t/ha) whereas the least protection was obtained from buprofezin (1 mL/L) treated plots (17.27% shoot and 15.66% fruit protection; lowest marketable fruit yield of 6.05 t/ha). The present studyrevealed that the selected biorational pesticides could be used both singly and in combination for the successful management of L. orbonalis.","PeriodicalId":15069,"journal":{"name":"journal of biopesticides","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71088459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Usha Rani, K. Prasanna Laxmia, V. Vadlapudi, B. Sreedhar
{"title":"PHYTOFABRICATION OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES USING THE MANGROVE ASSOCIATE, HIBISCUS TILIACEUS PLANT AND ITS BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY AGAINST CERTAIN INSECT AND MICROBIAL PESTS","authors":"P. Usha Rani, K. Prasanna Laxmia, V. Vadlapudi, B. Sreedhar","doi":"10.57182/jbiopestic.9.2.167-179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57182/jbiopestic.9.2.167-179","url":null,"abstract":"Plants have a rich source of phytochemicals which can produce very stable and active nanoparticles. We report an economic and ecofriendly phytofabrication of nanoparticles using mangrove associate Hibiscus tiliaceus leaf extract for the first time. The synthesized NPs were characterized using different analytical methods. Further these bioinspired sliver nanoparticles (AgNP) were evaluated for insecticidal activities against two major agricultural pests, Tobacco cutworm, Spodoptera litura F., the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera H., three major stored product pests, flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum H., lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica F. and rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae L. and also antibacterial activity against phytopathogens Xanthomonas campestris var campestris and Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith). For understanding the differences between the biological activity of biosynthesized and chemically synthesized nanoparticles comparisons between the toxicities and antifeedant activities were made. Transmission Electron Microscopic (TEM) studies showed spherical shaped nanoparticles in a size range of 20-65 nm (average mean size 40), while X-ray diffraction pattern revealed face centered cubic (fcc) structure when H. tiliaceus leaf was used for bioreduction. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) was carried out to identify the proteins that bound specifically on the Ag surface, which increased the stability of the particles. H. tiliaceus mediated AgNPs showed excellent antifeedant activity against S. litura, H. armigera, but were less toxic to all the stored product pests tested, but comparatively higher than the chemically synthesized AgNPs. The green AgNPs exhibited potent antibacterial activity with varying degrees against X. campestris and R. solanacearum as evidenced by their zone of inhibition at all concentrations.","PeriodicalId":15069,"journal":{"name":"journal of biopesticides","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71088818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"DIPLODIA MUTILA AS A NEW PATHOGEN ON WATER HYACINTH EICHHORNIA CRASSIPES IN HARIKE WETLAND","authors":"B. Singh, S. Saxena, V. Meshram, M. Kumar","doi":"10.57182/jbiopestic.9.2.180-188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57182/jbiopestic.9.2.180-188","url":null,"abstract":"The present publication reports the mycobiota associated with Eichhornia crassipes (C Mart.) Solms (Pontederiaceae) infesting the Harike Wetland at Punjab in India and their potential application as a biological control agent based on their pathogenicity to the host plant. Of the 30 fungal isolates recovered from the infested samples of E. crassipes only one isolate #19BJSS caused 98% damage or infestation to the leaves during the in vitro leaf bioassay while it exhibited 100% plant death during the whole plant bioassay after 168 hours post inoculation (hpi). Morphological studies revealed it to be a member of Botryosphaeriaceae family which was further confirmed by Internal Transcribed Spacers (ITS) phylogenetic studies wherein the isolate #19BJSS clustered with Diplodia mutila. Botryosphaeria species have been predominantly associated with canker and die back diseases of woody plants. This is the first report of occurrence of Diplodia mutila #19BJSS as a pathogen of E. crassipes and for its potential as a biological control agent for the management of water hyacinth.","PeriodicalId":15069,"journal":{"name":"journal of biopesticides","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71088825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"BIOEFFICACY OF NEEM KERNEL AQUEOUS EXTRACT (NKAE) AGAINST TEA RED SPIDER MITE, OLIGONYCHUS COFFEAE, NIETNER AND ITS EFFECT ON STETHORUS GILVIFRONS MULSANT, A POTENTIAL PREDATOR OF RED SPIDER MITE","authors":"M. Sarmah","doi":"10.57182/jbiopestic.9.2.204-210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57182/jbiopestic.9.2.204-210","url":null,"abstract":"Neem kernel aqueous extract (NKAE) was evaluated at different concentrations (1-10%) against red spider mite, Oligonychus coffeae under laboratory and field conditions. Also the impact of NKAE on survival of Stethorus gilvifrons, a potential predator of red spider mite was studied. Parameters assessed were ovicidal and acaricidal activities, adult emergence, oviposition deterrent in case of red spider mite and larval & adult mortality and adult emergence for the predator. Significant ovicidal activity was exhibited at higher concentrations (6-10%). Nymphs were more susceptible to NKAE than adults. Higher concentrations (6-10%) showed 53-95% mortality of mite population under laboratory conditions. LC50 values of NKAE for nymph and adult red spider mite were found to be 47.73 mg/ml and 66.02mg/ml respectively after 24h of treatment. Field evaluation however exhibited 43-69% reduction of mite population at 6-10% concentrations. Egg laying by tea red spider mite on the NKAE treated tea leaf surface was significantly decreased (1.16-1.50 eggs/female/day) than control (3.83 eggs/female/day). Significant reduction in adult emergence (20.0-56.7%) and increased duration of total developmental period (1.00-4.33 days) were noticed at higher concentrations (4-10%) only. However, the application of NKAE on different life stages of S. gilvifrons showed no adverse effect in respect of their growth and development.","PeriodicalId":15069,"journal":{"name":"journal of biopesticides","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71088864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"INFESTED AREAS OF MAJULI, ASSAM, INDIA","authors":"G. Devi, H. Mishra, B. Bhattacharyya, D. Nath","doi":"10.57182/jbiopestic.9.2.148-156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57182/jbiopestic.9.2.148-156","url":null,"abstract":"Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) in the genera Steinernema and Heterorhabditis and their associated bacteria such as Xenorhabdus spp. and Photorhabdus spp. are lethal parasites of soil dwelling insects. A survey was conducted to collect theentomopathogenic nematodes from Lepidiota mansueta endemic field of Majuli river island, Assam, India. During the survey, a total of 140 soil samples (1 kg each) and 80 dead grubs of L. mansueta were collected from different locations from cultivated as well as uncultivated fields of Majuli. Out of the total collection, 8 numbers of soil samples and 35 grubs were positive for entomopathogenic nematodes with 5.7 and 43.7 per cent respectively. Soil samples recorded 2.1 and 3.5 per cent Heterorhabditis and Steinernema isolates whereas the grubs registered 15 and 28.7 per cent of Heterorhabditis andSteinernema isolates respectively. Based on morphometric and cross-breeding studies, the Heterorhabditis isolates were identified as H. bacteriophora and this species was recovered from diverse habitats with different soil characteristics. Being a river island, the soil of Majuli may be the reservoir of many more species of EPNs which needs further study.","PeriodicalId":15069,"journal":{"name":"journal of biopesticides","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71088765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Chinniah, A. Ravikumar, M. Kalyanasundaram, P. Parthiban
{"title":"FIELD EVALUATION OF METARHIZIUM ANISOPLIAE LIQUID FORMULATION (BIOMAGIC®) AGAINST BROWN PLANT HOPPER, NILAPARVATA LUGENS STAL ON RICE","authors":"C. Chinniah, A. Ravikumar, M. Kalyanasundaram, P. Parthiban","doi":"10.57182/jbiopestic.9.2.211-219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57182/jbiopestic.9.2.211-219","url":null,"abstract":"Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the bio-efficacy of Metarhizium anisopliae– based liquid formulations (Bio-Magic®1.50%) against Brown Plant Hopper (BPH), Nilaparvatha lugens Stal (Homoptera: Delphacidae) at the farmers’ holdings of Theni district during Summer 2015 and kharif 2015. Bio-Magic was tested at three doses of 1500 mL, 2000 mL and 4000 mL ha-1 against BPH. The results revealed that Biomagic @ 4000 mL ha-1 (84.08 and 83.21 per cent) and 2000 mL ha-1 (82.76 and 81.62 %) statistically on par in terms of efficacy in suppressing the population of BPH after two rounds of application during both the seasons with increase in grain yield of 89.58 and 88.60 per cent over untreated check. The lower dose of Biomagic® 1.5 LF @ 1500 mL ha1 ranked second in the order of efficacy, however it was better than the standard check (Quinolphos 25 EC @ 1500 mL ha-1). All the three doses of Biomagic® tested were safer to the natural enemies and were on par with untreated check without any phytotoxicity effect.","PeriodicalId":15069,"journal":{"name":"journal of biopesticides","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71088931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}