Journal of Biological Rhythms最新文献

{"title":"Circadian Regulation of the Neuroimmune Environment Across the Lifespan: From Brain Development to Aging.","authors":"Ruizhuo Chen,&nbsp;Brandy N Routh,&nbsp;Andrew D Gaudet,&nbsp;Laura K Fonken","doi":"10.1177/07487304231178950","DOIUrl":"10.1177/07487304231178950","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Circadian clocks confer 24-h periodicity to biological systems, to ultimately maximize energy efficiency and promote survival in a world with regular environmental light cycles. In mammals, circadian rhythms regulate myriad physiological functions, including the immune, endocrine, and central nervous systems. Within the central nervous system, specialized glial cells such as astrocytes and microglia survey and maintain the neuroimmune environment. The contributions of these neuroimmune cells to both homeostatic and pathogenic demands vary greatly across the day. Moreover, the function of these cells changes across the lifespan. In this review, we discuss circadian regulation of the neuroimmune environment across the lifespan, with a focus on microglia and astrocytes. Circadian rhythms emerge in early life concurrent with neuroimmune sculpting of brain circuits and wane late in life alongside increasing immunosenescence and neurodegeneration. Importantly, circadian dysregulation can alter immune function, which may contribute to susceptibility to neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we highlight circadian neuroimmune interactions across the lifespan and share evidence that circadian dysregulation within the neuroimmune system may be a critical component in human neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":15056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Rhythms","volume":"38 5","pages":"419-446"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/50/f8/10.1177_07487304231178950.PMC10475217.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10168544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of bullying on work motivation and job satisfaction.","authors":"Christian Wiradendi Wolor, Eka Ary Wibawa, Datu Razali Datu Eranza, Ahmad Nurkhin, Mahmoud Ali Rababah","doi":"10.5114/hpr/166427","DOIUrl":"10.5114/hpr/166427","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact that bullying has on the levels of work motivation and job satisfaction experienced by employees. It would be helpful if we could provide both private firms and the government some concrete ideas regarding bullying. According to the findings of this study, bullying does not have an effect on the degree to which workers are satisfied in their jobs or motivated to work.</p><p><strong>Participants and procedure: </strong>Participants in this study are employees in Indonesia who have been bullied while they were on the job. Researchers utilized a non-probability sampling technique using a purposive sampling strategy. The number of samples used in this study was 400 respondents. This research used a technique called purposive sampling, which involved collecting data from a total of 400 different respondents. Quantitative methods are utilized in the processing of the data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings of this study come as a surprise due to the fact that they contradict the findings of earlier studies, which found that harassed employees do not have a direct impact on the job satisfaction and motivation of their coworkers.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results of this research provide both an academic and a practical perspective that can be used to assist organizations in eliminating bullying issues. This research has implications that regardless of the results of this study, bullying must become a company concern to make strict rules for bullies and education about bullying for all employees.</p>","PeriodicalId":15056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Rhythms","volume":"22 1","pages":"238-246"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11370732/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87244533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Cannabinoid Receptor 1 Agonist Reduces Light-induced Phase Delays in Male But Not Female Mice.","authors":"Timothy D Niepokny,&nbsp;Eric M Mintz","doi":"10.1177/07487304231166785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07487304231166785","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Animals adapt to a changing environment by synchronizing their circadian rhythms to different stimuli, the strongest and most reliable being the daily light-dark cycle. Photic information reaches the central circadian pacemaker, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), which drives rhythms in physiology and behavior throughout the brain and body. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is a neuromodulatory system that is present within the SCN, including the primary receptor, cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1). Exogenous cannabinoids that target CB1 inhibit the phase-shifting effects of light in hamsters, mice, and rats. Furthermore, there is evidence in cultured microglial cells that cannabidiol (CBD), a constituent of <i>Cannabis sativa</i>, alters core circadian clock genes, while the CB1 agonist delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) does not. The CB1 agonist studies were conducted using male animals only, but cannabinoids exhibit sex-dependent effects in various aspects of physiology and behavior. In addition, the effects of CBD on circadian behavioral rhythms have yet to be investigated. Therefore, we decided to test the effects of acute injections of CBD or the CB1 agonist CP 55,940 on light-induced phase delays in male and female C57BL/6J mice. Animals received a single injection at circadian time (CT) 15.5, followed by a 10-min light or dark (sham) pulse at CT 16. Running-wheel activity was monitored to determine activity levels and the behavioral phase shifts from different treatments. We observed a sex difference in the magnitude of phase delay size in response to CP 55,940 administration. Males had attenuated phase delays with increasing doses of CP 55,940, while females did not differ from control. Various doses of CBD had no effect on the phase-delaying effects of light in either sex. Our results show a sex difference in the gating of photic phase shifts by CB1 activation.</p>","PeriodicalId":15056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Rhythms","volume":"38 4","pages":"358-365"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10330025/pdf/nihms-1883357.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10274578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estradiol Regulates Circadian Responses to Acute and Constant Light Exposure in Female Mice.","authors":"Julie M Michaud,&nbsp;Caitlin T Waring,&nbsp;Fernanda Medeiros Contini,&nbsp;Meredith E Burns,&nbsp;John C Price,&nbsp;Janessa Quintana,&nbsp;Holly A Concepcion,&nbsp;Hannah V Deane,&nbsp;Joseph A Seggio","doi":"10.1177/07487304231172069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07487304231172069","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sex hormones are well known to modulate circadian timekeeping as well as the behavioral and physiological responses to circadian disruption. Gonadectomy, reducing the amount of circulating gonadal hormones, in males and females produces alterations to the free-running rhythm and the responses to light exposure by the central oscillator of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). In this study, we tested whether estradiol plays a role in regulating the circadian responses to acute (light pulses) and chronic light exposure (constant light [LL] vs standard light:dark [LD] cycle) in female C57BL6/NJ mice. Mice were either ovariectomized or given sham surgery and given a placebo (P) or estradiol (E) pellet for hormone replacement so that there were 6 groups: (1) LD/Sham, (2) LL/Sham, (3) LD/OVX + P, (4) LL/OVX + P, (5) LD/OVX + E, and (6) LL/OVX + E. After 65 days of light cycle exposure, blood and SCNs were removed and serum estradiol plus SCN estradiol receptor alpha (ERα) and estradiol receptor beta (ERβ) were measured via ELISA. The OVX + P mice exhibited shorter circadian periods and were more likely to become arrhythmic in LL compared with mice with intact estradiol (sham or E replacement mice). The OVX + P mice exhibited reduced circadian robustness (power) and reduced circadian locomotor activity in both LD and LL compared with sham controls or OVX + E mice. The OVX + P mice also exhibited later activity onsets in LD and attenuated phase delays, but not advances, when given a 15-min light pulse compared with estradiol intact mice. LL led to reductions in ERβ, but not ERα, regardless of the surgery type. These results indicate that estradiol can modulate the effects of light on the circadian timing system and that estradiol can enhance responses to light exposure and provide protection against a loss of circadian robustness.</p>","PeriodicalId":15056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Rhythms","volume":"38 4","pages":"407-415"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9787039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Subset of Circadian Neurons Expressing <i>dTRPA1</i> Enables Appropriate Phasing of Activity Rhythms in <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> Under Warm Temperatures.","authors":"Aishwariya Srikala Iyengar,&nbsp;Sushma Rao,&nbsp;Vasu Sheeba","doi":"10.1177/07487304231159713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07487304231159713","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Under conditions of prolonged durations of warmth, flies counter potential temperature stress by shifting their locomotor activity from day into night when the conditions are likely to be less harsh. Modulation of a rhythmic behavior such as this in response to the environment would require interaction between at least 2 neuronal systems: (1) a <i>sensory</i> system to receive input from the environment, and (2) the <i>internal clock</i> to correctly time rhythmic activity in response to this thermosensory input. Our previous studies found that a thermosensory mutant of the ion channel <i>Drosophila</i> Transient Receptor Potential-A1 (<i>dTRPA1</i>) failed to shift activity into the dark like control flies do and also identified the role of a specific cluster of the <i>dTRPA1</i>-expressing neurons, the <i>dTRPA1</i>^sh+neurons necessary for this. In this study, we extended our previous findings and characterized the identity of these <i>dTRPA1</i>^sh+ neurons based on their overlap with circadian neurons. Utilizing various genetic manipulations, we asked whether the overlapping neurons could be potential points of intersection between the 2 circuits that modulate behavior under warm temperature, meaning whether they function as both-sensory and clock neurons. We found that the molecular clock within the <i>dTRPA1</i>^sh+ cluster was not necessary, but the expression of <i>dTRPA1</i> in a subset of circadian neurons, the small ventrolateral neurons (sLNvs), was necessary in modulating phasing of behavior under warm temperature. Furthermore, attempting to identify the neuronal circuit, we were able to uncover the potential roles of serotonin and acetylcholine in modulating this temperature-dependent behavior. Finally, we also discuss possible parallel neuronal pathways that may exist to give rise to this modulation of behavior under warm temperature, thereby supporting and expanding the knowledge of the field about circuits that control temperature-mediated behavioral outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":15056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Rhythms","volume":"38 4","pages":"341-357"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9788765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Light Schedules and Model Parameters on the Circadian Outcomes of Individuals.","authors":"Caleb Mayer,&nbsp;Olivia Walch,&nbsp;Daniel B Forger,&nbsp;Kevin Hannay","doi":"10.1177/07487304231176936","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07487304231176936","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Key differences exist between individuals in terms of certain circadian-related parameters, such as intrinsic period and sensitivity to light. These variations can differentially impact circadian timing, leading to challenges in accurately implementing time-sensitive interventions. In this work, we parse out these effects by investigating the impact of parameters from a macroscopic model of human circadian rhythms on phase and amplitude outputs. Using in silico light data designed to mimic commonly studied schedules, we assess the impact of parameter variations on model outputs to gain insight into the different effects of these schedules. We show that parameter sensitivity is heavily modulated by the lighting routine that a person follows, with darkness and shift work schedules being the most sensitive. We develop a framework to measure overall sensitivity levels of the given light schedule and furthermore decompose the overall sensitivity into individual parameter contributions. Finally, we measure the ability of the model to extract parameters given light schedules with noise and show that key parameters like the circadian period can typically be recovered given known light history. This can inform future work on determining the key parameters to consider when personalizing a model and the lighting protocols to use when assessing interindividual variability.</p>","PeriodicalId":15056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Rhythms","volume":"38 4","pages":"379-391"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9799767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronotype, Social Jetlag, and Nicotine Use.","authors":"Neda Ghotbi,&nbsp;Andrea Rabenstein,&nbsp;Luísa K Pilz,&nbsp;Tobias Rüther,&nbsp;Till Roenneberg","doi":"10.1177/07487304231177197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07487304231177197","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Late chronotype, which often leads to higher social jetlag (SJL), is strongly associated with the prevalence of smoking. Any circadian disruption, strain, or misalignment, results in people not being able to live according to their biological time as is described by SJL, which we will therefore use as umbrella term. We hypothesized two scenarios potentially explaining the association between smoking and SJL: (A) If smoking delays the clock, circadian phase should advance upon quitting. (B) If people smoke more to compensate the consequences of SJL, circadian phase should not change upon quitting. To distinguish between these two hypotheses, we accompanied participants of a smoking cessation program (not involving nicotine replacement products) across the cessation intervention (3 weeks prior and 6 weeks after) by monitoring their circadian behavior, sleep quality, and daytime sleepiness via questionnaires and actimetry. Our results show no effects of cessation on SJL, chronotype, sleep quality, or daytime sleepiness, thereby favoring scenario (B). Thus, smoking may be a consequence of rather than a cause for SJL. Daytime sleepiness was a significant predictor for the outcome in our model but did not improve with cessation.</p>","PeriodicalId":15056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Rhythms","volume":"38 4","pages":"392-406"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/27/f6/10.1177_07487304231177197.PMC10336714.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9799744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modern Language for Modern Circadian Biologists: The End of the \"Slave\" Oscillator.","authors":"Casey-Tyler Berezin","doi":"10.1177/07487304231152982","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07487304231152982","url":null,"abstract":"323 As I sat at the computer in my living room, I was not entirely shocked at the words on the slide before me. In the spring of 2021, I was in a graduate-level course on neuronal circuits and behavior; I usually attended the virtual class from home before heading into the lab to continue my research on the role of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells on circadian behavior. Naturally, I was thrilled to get to the circadian biology lectures. That day, we discussed the role of the “master” clock in regulating “slave” oscillators throughout the body. As circadian biologists, it’s not unusual to encounter these terms, but that doesn’t mean we should continue using them.1 In his early work, Colin S. Pittendrigh, often dubbed the founder of circadian biology, discussed the light-sensitive A-oscillator and autonomous B-oscillator (Pittendrigh et al., 1958). His co-author on this 1958 paper, Peter Kaus, was a physicist credited with providing mathematical expertise for Pittendrigh’s work. The emergence of the circadian “slave oscillator” appears to originate with Kaus in 1976 (Kaus, 1976), and was likely born from the electronics field where the term had been used since at least the 1940s (Alsberg and Leed, 1949). Master-slave terminology likely caught on because it was an “easy” metaphor, and at the time, “there were few Black engineers to object,” says ethno-mathematician Ron Eglash (All Together, Society of Women Engineers, 2020). Over the past 50 years, generations of circadian biologists have been taught these terms, and their use should not be a source of individual blame. However, we scientists have a duty to overcome the role science has played in the United States’s continued history of racism2 (Nobles et al., 2022). We are trained in the importance of precise language and leaving a rigorous path to follow. With a new generation of scientists comes new expectations for the way we communicate and conduct ourselves. Eliminating the “slave” oscillator won’t undo years of scientific racism, but perhaps it can be one less reason a prospective student might not come our way. It’s encouraging that it’s already more common to see the phrase “peripheral” oscillator than “slave” oscillator in research articles (Figure 1). Yet it would be remiss to attribute the growth in “peripheral” oscillators simply to changes in societal thinking. Rather, scientific advancements in the 1990s elucidated the autonomous nature of circadian oscillators proposed decades before (Pittendrigh et al., 1958). Isolated neurons were shown to retain circadian rhythms in culture (Michel et al., 1993; Welsh et al., 1995), and circadian oscillations (e.g., rhythmic clock gene expression) were found widespread throughout the periphery (Balsalobre et al., 1998; Plautz et al., 1997; Zylka et al., 1998). As such, a modern hierarchical view of circadian rhythms features a coordinating “pacemaker” rather than a vague, all-powerful “master,” and rightfully recognizes “slave” ","PeriodicalId":15056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Rhythms","volume":"38 4","pages":"323-325"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9787477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular and Neural Mechanisms of Temperature Preference Rhythm in <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>.","authors":"Tadahiro Goda, Yujiro Umezaki, Fumika N Hamada","doi":"10.1177/07487304231171624","DOIUrl":"10.1177/07487304231171624","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Temperature influences animal physiology and behavior. Animals must set an appropriate body temperature to maintain homeostasis and maximize survival. Mammals set their body temperatures using metabolic and behavioral strategies. The daily fluctuation in body temperature is called the body temperature rhythm (BTR). For example, human body temperature increases during wakefulness and decreases during sleep. BTR is controlled by the circadian clock, is closely linked with metabolism and sleep, and entrains peripheral clocks located in the liver and lungs. However, the underlying mechanisms of BTR are largely unclear. In contrast to mammals, small ectotherms, such as <i>Drosophila</i>, control their body temperatures by choosing appropriate environmental temperatures. The preferred temperature of <i>Drosophila</i> increases during the day and decreases at night; this pattern is referred to as the temperature preference rhythm (TPR). As flies are small ectotherms, their body temperature is close to that of the surrounding environment. Thus, <i>Drosophila</i> TPR produces BTR, which exhibits a pattern similar to that of human BTR. In this review, we summarize the regulatory mechanisms of TPR, including recent studies that describe neuronal circuits relaying ambient temperature information to dorsal neurons (DNs). The neuropeptide diuretic hormone 31 (DH31) and its receptor (DH31R) regulate TPR, and a mammalian homolog of DH31R, the calcitonin receptor (CALCR), also plays an important role in mouse BTR regulation. In addition, both fly TPR and mammalian BTR are separately regulated from another clock output, locomotor activity rhythms. These findings suggest that the fundamental mechanisms of BTR regulation may be conserved between mammals and flies. Furthermore, we discuss the relationships between TPR and other physiological functions, such as sleep. The dissection of the regulatory mechanisms of <i>Drosophila</i> TPR could facilitate an understanding of mammalian BTR and the interaction between BTR and sleep regulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":15056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Rhythms","volume":"38 4","pages":"326-340"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/86/53/10.1177_07487304231171624.PMC10330063.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9795020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"S-Cone Photoreceptors Regulate Daily Rhythms and Light-Induced Arousal/Wakefulness in Diurnal Grass Rats (<i>Arvicanthis niloticus</i>).","authors":"Antony B Kim, Emma M Beaver, Stephen G Collins, Lance J Kriegsfeld, Steven W Lockley, Kwoon Y Wong, Lily Yan","doi":"10.1177/07487304231170068","DOIUrl":"10.1177/07487304231170068","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Beyond visual perception, light has non-image-forming effects mediated by melanopsin-expressing, intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs). The present study first used multielectrode array recordings to show that in a diurnal rodent, Nile grass rats (<i>Arvicanthis niloticus</i>), ipRGCs generate rod/cone-driven and melanopsin-based photoresponses that stably encode irradiance. Subsequently, two ipRGC-mediated non-image-forming effects, namely entrainment of daily rhythms and light-induced arousal, were examined. Animals were first housed under a 12:12 h light/dark cycle (lights-on at 0600 h) with the light phase generated by a low-irradiance fluorescent light (F12), a daylight spectrum (D65) stimulating all photoreceptors, or a narrowband 480 nm spectrum (480) that maximized melanopsin stimulation and minimized S-cone stimulation (λ_max 360 nm) compared to D65. Daily rhythms of locomotor activities showed onset and offset closer to lights-on and lights-off, respectively, in D65 and 480 than in F12, and higher day/night activity ratio under D65 versus 480 and F12, suggesting the importance of S-cone stimulation. To assess light-induced arousal, 3-h light exposures using 4 spectra that stimulated melanopsin equally but S-cones differentially were superimposed on F12 background lighting: D65, 480, 480 + 365 (narrowband 365 nm), and D65 - 365. Compared to the F12-only condition, all four pulses increased in-cage activity and promoted wakefulness, with 480 + 365 having the greatest and longest-lasting wakefulness-promoting effects, again indicating the importance of stimulating S-cones as well as melanopsin. These findings provide insights into the temporal dynamics of photoreceptor contributions to non-image-forming photoresponses in a diurnal rodent that may help guide future studies of lighting environments and phototherapy protocols that promote human health and productivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":15056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Rhythms","volume":"38 4","pages":"366-378"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10364626/pdf/nihms-1888368.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10292645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}