Journal of Behavioral Addictions最新文献

{"title":"Toward non-confirmatory research approaches and epistemic rigor: A critical commentary on the concept of \"nose spray addiction\" proposed in Lakatos et al. (2025).","authors":"Maèva Flayelle, Loïs Fournier, Hans-Jürgen Rumpf, Joël Billieux","doi":"10.1556/2006.2025.00460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.2025.00460","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In their recent study, Lakatos et al. (2025) used a qualitative research design to explore the impact of nasal spray overuse on quality of life, as well as its potential addictive character. From their results, the authors suggested considering nasal spray overuse as a potential behavioral addiction and called for further research and intervention strategies to address such potential addictive behavior. By contrast, in the present commentary, we outline why the methodological approach and potentially flawed reasoning adopted in Lakatos et al. (2025) raise sufficient concerns to warrant caution in drawing such recommendations.</p>","PeriodicalId":15049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147771770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When treatment becomes the problem: A qualitative analysis of addiction components in rhinitis medicamentosa.","authors":"Attila Szabo","doi":"10.1556/2006.2025.00461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.2025.00461","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Prolonged use of topical nasal decongestants such as xylometazoline or oxymetazoline can lead to rhinitis medicamentosa (RM). This medication-induced condition is characterized by rebound congestion and compulsive reuse. A debated question is whether RM signifies physiological dependence, addiction, or simply a habit. This commentary aimed to evaluate Lakatos et al.'s (2025) work, which investigated this issue through qualitative interviews with 20 affected individuals. Using directed content analysis based on Griffiths' (2005) components model of addiction, Lakatos et al., identified all six elements (salience, mood modification, tolerance, withdrawal, conflict, and relapse) in patient histories. Lakatos et al. (2025) performed a timely and conceptually sophisticated study that connects addiction theory to a common otorhinolaryngological condition. Their qualitative approach captures the everyday lived experience of patients with RM with robust ecological validity and clinical relevance. However, the theory-driven analysis risks confirmation bias by fitting data to Griffiths' addiction model, and the small, convenience-based sample limits generalizability. Despite these constraints, the paper offers valuable insight into how negative reinforcement and conditioned anxiety sustain compulsive nasal spray use. Overall, it successfully bridges clinical observation and theoretical debate, advancing understanding of iatrogenic dependence within everyday medical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":15049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147771888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From attentional bias to neural dysfunction: Multimodal evidence for emotion processing deficits in individuals with problematic social media use.","authors":"Shuai Wang, Chaomin Guo, Tingfeng Yu, Keji Wang, Qiong Wei, Yi He","doi":"10.1556/2006.2025.00306","DOIUrl":"10.1556/2006.2025.00306","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Problematic social media use (PMSMU) shows strong mental health associations, yet its neurocognitive mechanisms remain unclear. This study investigates emotion processing deficits in PMSMU, focusing on valence-specific attentional biases and neural dysfunction.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>113 Chinese college students stratified into low-risk (n = 55) and high-risk PMSMU (n = 58) groups completed psychological assessments and an emotion recognition task using facial stimuli depicting the seven basic emotions selected from the Chinese Facial Affective Picture System (CFAPS) during simultaneous eye-tracking and fNIRS recording prefrontal-temporal activation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>High-risk PMSMU showed enhanced accuracy for joy emotion (82.58% vs. 74.31%, p = 0.013) but impaired negative emotion recognition (64.29% vs. 69.87%, p = 0.006). Eye-tracking revealed reduced nose-root fixation and increased mouth and the middle of nose attention. fNIRS identified negative-emotion-specific hyperactivation in right temporal (c1, p = 0.017) and left frontal lobes (c9, p = 0.021). Temporal activation correlated with slower sadness recognition (r = 0.345), while attention deficits linked to reduced fear accuracy (r = -0.261) and temporal hyperactivity (r = 0.377). High-risk subjects reported poorer psychosocial functioning (poorer interpersonal skills, attentional control, and higher levels of anxiety and depression, p < 0.001), with frontal activation moderating negative-emotion-impairment relationships.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PMSMU is characterized by valence-specific disruptions-including attentional bias toward positive cues, impaired fear processing, and prefrontal-temporal hyperactivation during negative emotion decoding-that collectively define it as a neurobehavioral condition leading to psychosocial impairment.</p>","PeriodicalId":15049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions","volume":" ","pages":"661-671"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13371732/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147690437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resource-strengthening training for adolescents with problematic gaming (Res@t-A): Results from an exploratory single-arm pre-post-follow-up intervention study.","authors":"Jan-Ole Cloes, Katharina Bitter, Linus Lorenz, Rainer Thomasius, Kerstin Paschke","doi":"10.1556/2006.2025.00211","DOIUrl":"10.1556/2006.2025.00211","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Gaming is a popular leisure activity among adolescents. Yet, they are especially vulnerable to develop problematic gaming (PG). Those affected are often additionally impaired by deficits in attention, mood, emotion regulation, sleep quality, and social skills. Thus, effective treatment offers should address main PG symptomology and associated problems alike. However, clinical studies on multi-faceted treatments of adolescents are scarce. Therefore, the aim of this study was to preliminarily test feasibility and efficacy of the newly developed, fully manualized CBT-based program Res@t-A to inform future randomized controlled trials (RCTs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>74 adolescent patients with PG (11-19 years) were recruited from the routine psychiatric clinical setting in Germany. Participants attended group therapy sessions weekly over eight weeks. Retention and attendance rates were evaluated as feasibility indicators. Standardized questionnaires were used to explore efficacy modelled as changes in PG symptoms, perceived stress, emotional dysregulation, and emotional, behavioral and sleep problems in an uncontrolled pre-post-follow-up design.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Retention rate was only 50% but attendance rate reached almost 80%. Promising signs of efficacy were observed for main PG symptoms and for associated problems with moderate to large effects. Differences in treatment setting played a significant role in the improvement of sleep problems.</p><p><strong>Discussion and conclusions: </strong>The present study revealed encouraging first results on feasibility and efficacy for a new comprehensive treatment of adolescents with PG in clinical settings. Together with the priorly published parental program Res@t-P, Res@t-A offers a parallelized treatment within a family-centered approach. RCTs are urgently needed for further investigations.</p>","PeriodicalId":15049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions","volume":" ","pages":"798-811"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13371742/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147689428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Compulsive sexual behavior may be more state-like than trait-like: Findings from a three-year longitudinal representative survey.","authors":"Zsolt Horváth, Beáta Bőthe, Marc N Potenza, Dan J Stein, Süleyman Agah Demirgül, Borbála Paksi, Andrea Czakó, Zsolt Demetrovics","doi":"10.1556/2006.2025.00419","DOIUrl":"10.1556/2006.2025.00419","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Studies regarding whether compulsive sexual behavior (CSB) shows a persistent or transient longitudinal course have been scarce and generated mixed findings, complicating its conceptualization. A model that includes both trait-like/stable and state-like/occasion-specific factors may clarify the course and nature of CSB. The authors aimed to determine the proportion of variance in CSB scores attributable to trait-like/stable and state-like/occasion-specific factors and examine the strength of autoregressive effects between successive state-like/occasion-specific factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from young adults (N = 782; women: 39.60% [N = 310]; age at wave 1: M = 27.06 [SD = 4.69]) showing continuous sexual activity from waves 1-4 of the representative Budapest Longitudinal Study were analyzed. CSB was measured with the eight-item Hypersexual Behavior Inventory.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Latent growth modeling showed decreases in CSB over waves 1-4 across three years, following a non-linear (quadratic) trajectory (M [SE] = -0.26 [0.08]). A latent state-trait model with one CSB trait-like/stable factor and four state-like/occasion-specific residual factors (capturing time-specific fluctuations) had optimal fit (χ2 [df] = 653.667 [550], p = 0.002; CFI = 0.996; TLI = 0.997; RMSEA [90% CI] = 0.016 [0.011; 0.021]; SRMR = 0.075). High proportions of CSB score variance were attributable to state-like/occasion-specific factors (69-93%), while lower proportions of CSB scores were attributable to the trait-like/stable factor (7-31%). Additionally, positive, moderate-to-strong autoregressive effects were observed between successive state-like/occasion-specific factors, indicating short-term stability and carry-over across assessments (β [SE] = 0.36-0.65 [0.06-0.08]).</p><p><strong>Discussion and conclusions: </strong>Overall, CSB is more likely to be a state-like phenomenon in young adults from the general population. Situational influences may explain the longitudinally fluctuating and transient course of CSB. Significant state-like/occasion-specific effects may have important implications for screening for and diagnosis of CSB disorder.</p>","PeriodicalId":15049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions","volume":" ","pages":"622-635"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13371728/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147690478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex differences in the longitudinal association between high risk of internet gaming disorder and subsequent suicidality among adolescents: A cohort study.","authors":"Hyunsuk Jeong, Hyeon Woo Yim, Marc N Potenza, Seung-Yup Lee, Hae Kook Lee","doi":"10.1556/2006.2025.00550","DOIUrl":"10.1556/2006.2025.00550","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) has become a growing public health concern among adolescents. Although previous cross-sectional studies have linked problematic gaming with suicidality, longitudinal evidence remains limited. This study examined sex-specific associations between IGD risk and subsequent suicidal behaviors among adolescents who were not suicidal at baseline.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were derived from the iCURE study, a prospective cohort involving 1,874 students (1,082 boys and 792 girls) aged 9-14 years. Participants with baseline suicidality were excluded. The Internet Game Use-Elicited Symptom Screen was used to identify adolescents at high risk of IGD (HRIGD). Suicidality was assessed at two-year follow-up using items adapted from the SCID-I. Relative risks (RRs) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) were estimated using generalized linear models stratified by sex and adjusted for potential confounders.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At baseline, 8.0% of boys and 3.4% of girls were classified as HRIGD. At the two-year follow-up, boys in the HRIGD group showed significantly higher incidences of suicidality (17.4% vs. 5.0%), suicidal ideation (16.3% vs. 4.7%), and suicide plans or attempts (5.8% vs. 1.0%) than those at lower risk. In fully adjusted models, HRIGD remained associated with suicidality (RR = 3.05, 95% CI = 1.53-6.07), suicide ideation (RR = 2.99, 95% CI = 1.48-6.05), and suicide plans and/or attempts (RR = 4.03, 95% CI = 1.08-15.07) among boys, but not among girls.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This longitudinal cohort study among adolescents without baseline suicidality indicates that IGD risk is related to subsequent suicidality in boys. Early identification and sex-specific preventive strategies targeting excessive gaming may help mitigate future suicide risk in adolescents.</p>","PeriodicalId":15049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions","volume":" ","pages":"756-765"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13373959/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147633431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of a mobile-based approach-avoidance task training (PROTECTapp) for problematic usage of the internet in young adults: A randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Daniel Huth, Sebastian Brand, Katajun Lindenberg","doi":"10.1556/2006.2025.00551","DOIUrl":"10.1556/2006.2025.00551","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Problematic usage of the internet (PUI) has been linked to impaired mental health and academic functioning in young adults. This randomized controlled trial evaluated the efficacy of a 3-week mobile-based approach-avoidance task (AAT) training (PROTECTapp) for reducing PUI in university students.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ninety-two participants (Mage = 22.00 years, 69.6% women) with elevated levels of PUI were randomized to the PROTECTapp intervention (n = 45) or a waitlist control group (n = 47). Primary outcomes were PUI severity and internet-related craving. Secondary outcomes included motivation to change, psychopathological symptoms and academic functioning. Participants were assessed at baseline and postintervention; the intervention group completed additional 3- and 12-week follow-ups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Intention-to-treat analyses indicated greater reductions in PUI following the PROTECTapp intervention compared to the waitlist (p = .003; d = -0.80, 95% CI [-1.23, -0.38]). No significant effects emerged for craving or broader psychological outcomes (ps > .05), though favorable effects were observed on motivation to change (ambivalence: p = .020; d = -0.24, 95% CI [-0.65, 0.17]; taking steps: p = .002; d = 0.45 [0.04, 0.87]). Satisfaction with the intervention was moderate (M = 18.32 of 32), and participants completed on average 35.52 training sessions. Adverse events were reported infrequent (7.1%).</p><p><strong>Discussion and conclusions: </strong>PROTECTapp is a promising mobile-based intervention to reduce PUI and enhance motivation to change in young adults. Its brevity, scalability, and safety profile highlight its potential as a low-threshold preventive or adjunctive intervention for young individuals at-risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":15049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions","volume":" ","pages":"812-823"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13371780/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147633472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Banning loot boxes for minors: A public health framework and the case of Brazil.","authors":"Daniel Tornaim Spritzer, Ivelise Fortim, Thiago Henrique Roza, Felix Henrique Paim Kessler, Hyoun S Kim","doi":"10.1556/2006.2025.00524","DOIUrl":"10.1556/2006.2025.00524","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Brazil's Digital Child and Adolescent Act (2025) prohibits paid loot boxes in games accessible to minors under a public health and child-rights framework, regardless of whether they should be classified as gambling. The law focuses on psychological mechanisms underlying harm, including variable-ratio reinforcement and reward uncertainty, to which adolescents are developmentally vulnerable. It establishes administrative sanctions, including fines of up to 10% of the company's revenue and service suspension, and restricts personalized advertising and algorithmic systems targeting minors. As the first major market to adopt a preventive harm-reduction ban, Brazil creates measurable regulatory benchmarks and a natural experiment to assess whether legislative boundaries reduce harm, influence industry monetisation strategies, and inform proportionate digital governance internationally.</p>","PeriodicalId":15049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions","volume":"15 1","pages":"5-7"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13132347/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147609046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longing for the game: Identifying as a \"gamer\" and addiction-related nostalgia undermine recovery from gaming disorder.","authors":"Blake Quinney, Michael J A Wohl, Gray E Gaudett, Daniel L King","doi":"10.1556/2006.2025.00490","DOIUrl":"10.1556/2006.2025.00490","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Recovery from gaming disorder can be difficult because it requires reducing or abstaining from an activity that once fulfilled important psychological needs such as social connection, achievement, and escape. This research examined whether nostalgia for the perceived benefits of gaming-termed addiction-related nostalgia-undermines recovery and whether such nostalgia arises from continued identification as a gamer.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two pre-registered cross-sectional studies were conducted with individuals in recovery from gaming disorder (Study 1a = 299; Study 1b = 578; total N = 877). Participants completed measures of gamer identification, addiction-related nostalgia, loneliness, depression, anxiety, and intention to remain in recovery. Path analyses tested hypothesised indirect effects using bias-corrected bootstrapping.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Gamer identification was positively associated with addiction-related nostalgia, which in turn predicted greater loneliness, depression, and anxiety. Addiction-related nostalgia indirectly undermined intention to remain in recovery through heightened loneliness and depression. Participants who engaged in reduced gaming reported greater nostalgia, depression, anxiety, and lower recovery motivation than abstinent participants.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Addiction-related nostalgia represents a significant psychological barrier to recovery from gaming disorder. Continued identification as a gamer may sustain longing for gaming's benefits, exacerbate psychological difficulties, and weaken recovery motivation. Assessing and addressing nostalgia may strengthen recovery-focused interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":15049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13371740/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147609112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gambling in women: A systematic review of interventions and prevention approaches.","authors":"Alicia Monreal-Bartolomé, Itxaso Cabrera-Gil, Estíbaliz Royuela-Colomer, Corel Mateo-Canedo, María Beltrán-Ruiz, Adrián Pérez-Aranda, Juan P Sanabria-Mazo, Yolanda López-Del-Hoyo","doi":"10.1556/2006.2025.00487","DOIUrl":"10.1556/2006.2025.00487","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Gambling disorder (GD) is a behavioral addiction with significant psychological, social, and economic consequences. Despite growing female participation and distinct gambling characteristics, research and interventions largely male-centered, overlooking women-specific factors.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This systematic review synthesizes evidence on prevention and treatment interventions for women with GD, assessing their effectiveness on gambling behaviors, cognitive and psychological outcomes, and identifying barriers related to access, adherence, and gender-sensitive design.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A systematic search in PubMed, PsycINFO, and Web of Science (up to September 2025) identified quantitative studies reporting female-specific outcomes in gambling prevention or treatment. Study quality was appraised using National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute tools, and data on intervention characteristics, outcomes, and participant profiles were extracted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eighteen studies met the inclusion criteria (five prevention, thirteen treatment). Prevention programs, mostly universal and adolescent-focused, improved gambling knowledge, cognitive distortions, and short term gambling frequency; however, socioemotional effects were inconsistent. Only one study included follow-up assessment. Treatment studies, predominantly cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)-based, reduced gambling severity and psychological distress, although dropout and relapse rates were higher among women with greater psychopathology or limited support. Person-centered approaches benefited of tailoring interventions to individual profiles. No studies systematically applied gender-sensitive frameworks or disaggregated outcomes by sex in prevention.</p><p><strong>Discussion and conclusion: </strong>Prevention and treatment programs can benefit women, but standard interventions insufficiently address their unique needs. Gender-sensitive, individualized strategies, inclusion of socioemotional factors, and long-term evaluations are essential to enhance outcomes and inform inclusive public health policies.</p>","PeriodicalId":15049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions","volume":" ","pages":"135-156"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13132401/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147512308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}