Journal of Basic and Clinical Pharmacy最新文献

{"title":"A survey on medicines safety and usage in community pharmacy.","authors":"Varsha A Prabhu, Vaishnavi Naik, Sahiti Doddapaneni, Uday Venkat Mateti, Anantha Naik Nagappa","doi":"10.4103/0976-0105.128254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0976-0105.128254","url":null,"abstract":"Medicines are important agent in curing the several diseases of the patient by lowering the signs and symptoms through different mechanism. If the medicines, are over used, under used and misused leads to therapeutically ineffectiveness and adverse drug reactions.[1] In the developing countries, there is huge demand for creating the awareness regarding irrational use of medicines, which can prevent the unwanted effects of the medicine also self‐medication is another issue which has become more common especially for over‐the‐counter medications and also factors such as socio‐economic status, satisfaction of the patient, gender etc., which has led to several interactions and adverse drug reaction due to the lack of knowledge on drugs.[2] Drugs like antibiotic proven to be of higher resistance due to improper prescribing and usage are being self‐medicated without the exact knowledge leading to morbidity and mortality.[3]","PeriodicalId":15046,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic and Clinical Pharmacy","volume":"5 1","pages":"24-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4103/0976-0105.128254","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32324964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of medication adherence in type-2 diabetes patients on poly pharmacy and the effect of patient counseling given to them in a multispecialty hospital.","authors":"Elizabeth Mampally Mathew,&nbsp;Kingston Rajiah","doi":"10.4103/0976-0105.128251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0976-0105.128251","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The ability of physicians to recognize non-adherence is poor and interventions to improve adherence have had mixed results. Furthermore, successful interventions generally are substantially complex and costly. Poor adherence to medication regimens accounts for substantial worsening of disease; death and increased health care costs. The aim of this study is to assess the medication adherence in type-2 diabetes patients who are on polypharmacy and the effect of counseling provided for them in a multispecialty hospital.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The study was carried out at Kovai Medical Center and Hospital; Coimbatore Tamil Nadu, India. This is a 500-bedded modernized, multi-specialty tertiary care hospital with full-fledged diabetic department. It caters to the needs of both out-patients and in-patients. An assessment was made on type-2 diabetic patients who are receiving more than 5 drugs for their co-morbidities were included in this study. A medication adherence questionnaire was prepared based on the literatures. The study was approved by the Kovai Medical Center and Hospital ethics committee.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 240 patients, 124 patients were adherent to medication whereas 116 patients were non-adherent. The non-adherent patients were giving verbal counseling in a private counseling room regarding medication adherence.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Best way health professionals can tackle the adherence problem is through quality patient counseling as done in this study. With limited time most professionals have with a patient today this can be easier said than done. However, techniques such as the ask-educate-ask approach, the teach-back method and motivational interviewing can help ensure patient understanding of the counseling provided.</p>","PeriodicalId":15046,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic and Clinical Pharmacy","volume":"5 1","pages":"15-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4103/0976-0105.128251","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32324962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drug utilization patterns in the emergency department: A retrospective study.","authors":"K A Al Balushi,&nbsp;S Al-Shibli,&nbsp;I Al-Zakwani","doi":"10.4103/0976-0105.128226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0976-0105.128226","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of this study was to assess the prescribing trends and costs of drugs in the emergency department (ED) at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (SQUH), a tertiary care hospital, in Muscat, the Sultanate of Oman.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This was a retrospective cross-sectional study of all patients (n = 300) who attended the ED at SQUH in May 2012. Analyses were performed using descriptive and univariate statistics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The average age of patients was 34 ± 19 years. The average number of drugs prescribed per patients was 3.2 ± 1.9 and the majority of the patients (n = 78; 26%) received two drugs. The most common route of drug administration was the oral route (n = 481; 51%) followed by parenterally (n = 357; 38%). Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) were the most commonly prescribed class of drugs (38%) followed by the gastro-intestinal tract drugs (19%) and central nervous system drugs (13%). The average cost per prescription was 242 ± 632 US$. Morphine had the highest cost (1885 US$) followed by cefuroxime (1404 US$) and filgrastim (939 US$) over the 1-month period. There was a significant positive correlation between hospital cost and age (P < 0.001), duration of stay at the ED (P = 0.008) and emergency types (P < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>NSAIDs were the most frequent class of drugs administered to patients. Highest number of drugs was prescribed for cardiovascular diseases followed by respiratory and gastrointestinal diseases. Anti-infective drugs cost was the highest among all other classes. The results of the present study are attempts to highlight the importance of strategies that have to be implemented to optimize medication use at the ED.</p>","PeriodicalId":15046,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic and Clinical Pharmacy","volume":"5 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4103/0976-0105.128226","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32323958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The examination of geriatric pharmacotherapy.","authors":"Abimbola Farinde","doi":"10.4103/0976-0105.121648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0976-0105.121648","url":null,"abstract":"Address for correspondence: Dr. Abimbola Farinde, Clear Lake Regional Medical Center, Webster, Texas 77598, USA. E-mail: aofpharm420@hotmail.com The geriatric population can be viewed by the medical and scientific community as a particularly unique patient population given the age related changes that can occur over time which can contribute to mental, biologic deterioration, or psychological failures that can impair functionality.[1] In the United States, the approximate estimation was that less than 15% of the total population was older than 65 years of age in 2004, and this number is expected to increase to 20% by 2030.[2] As a result of age related impairments, the older population can be placed on a number of pharmacological agents in an attempt to maintain or improve the quality of life, or extend functional ability to a certain degree. The primary goal of geriatric pharmacotherapy is centered on optimizing drug treatment which can provide to be difficult given the lack of age-specific guidelines or scientific evidence in this age group to inform clinical decision making.[3,4]","PeriodicalId":15046,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic and Clinical Pharmacy","volume":"4 4","pages":"76-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a4/ce/JBCP-4-76.PMC3979267.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32323953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bipolar disorder: A brief examination of lithium therapy.","authors":"Abimbola Farinde","doi":"10.4103/0976-0105.121656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0976-0105.121656","url":null,"abstract":"Address for correspondence: Dr. Abimbola Farinde Department of Pharmacy, Clear Lake Regional Medical Center, Webster, Texas, USA. E-mail: aofpharm420@hotmail.com Within the 21st century, bipolar I disorder (BD-I) has become a clinically significant and recognizable mental illness comparable to schizophrenia and depression but more evidenced based research is still needed to fully understand the mechanism of the disorder.[1] While bipolar disorder is becoming an increasing prevalent disorder in the general public, it can often be misdiagnosed with poor symptomatic and psychosocial outcomes even after treatment initiation.[1,2] The problem can lie in the fact that most bipolar patients can remain hidden for years unaware of their diagnosis or may be falsely diagnosed as suffering a similar or comparable mental illness.[2] There may be a significant delay between the first experience of symptoms and the initiation of symptoms which can be as long as 8–9 years.[3,4] The pristine presentation of the symptoms of bipolar disorder can be viewed as the exception rather than the rule due to the fact that the majority of patients can experience psychiatric comorbidity or one-third will experience rapid cycling at some point in their illness, thus providing a complex presentation and treatment.[5,6] Even though complex bipolar disorders are becoming increasingly more widespread, clinicians long relied on the description of symptom presentation as listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR).[6,7] The diagnosis of bipolar disorder should consist of a diagnostic differentiation using the combination of psychological, cognitive, and behavioral symptomatology and assessment of the clinical course of the illness.[8] The dramatic growth in the rate of bipolar disorder diagnosis during the last decade both in clinical and research setting has enhanced clinicians’ understanding of ways to provide effective and optimal therapeutic interventions for this lifelong affective disorder.[9]","PeriodicalId":15046,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic and Clinical Pharmacy","volume":"4 4","pages":"93-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/79/da/JBCP-4-93.PMC3979269.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32323957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drug utilization in emergency medicine department at a tertiary care teaching hospital: A prospective study.","authors":"Preksha A Barot,&nbsp;Supriya D Malhotra,&nbsp;Devang A Rana,&nbsp;Varsha J Patel,&nbsp;Kamlesh P Patel","doi":"10.4103/0976-0105.121650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0976-0105.121650","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>The practice of emergency medicine has the primary mission of evaluating, managing and providing treatment to those patients with unexpected injury or illness. Instituting appropriate therapy is necessary for safety of the patients and to decrease mortality and morbidity. The objectives were to study the drug utilization pattern and direct cost of therapy in emergency medicine department of a tertiary care teaching hospital.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Data of the patients admitted to emergency medicine department was collected prospectively for 48 h from the time of admission over 2 months. The prescriptions were analyzed for drug use pattern and direct cost of therapy was calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 156 patients received 1635 drugs with the mean of 9.99 ± 2.55 drugs/patient. Most common diagnosis was acute coronary syndrome 35 (21.79%). Ondansetron 135 (86.53%) was most frequently prescribed drug followed by pantoprazole 133 (85.25%) and furosemide 68 (43.58%). Amongst antimicrobials ceftriaxone 51 (32.69%) was the most commonly prescribed drug. Direct cost of treatment per patient for the first 48 h was र 4051 ± 1641.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Ondansetron and pantoprazole were the most commonly prescribed drugs in the emergency department. However, their use in all patients was not justified. Polypharmacy was prevalent. A closer look at the rationality of therapy would help in highlighting issues involved and would be helpful to authorities in deciding prescribing policies.</p>","PeriodicalId":15046,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic and Clinical Pharmacy","volume":"4 4","pages":"78-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/cd/79/JBCP-4-78.PMC3979265.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32323954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of antidiabetic prescriptions, cost and adherence to treatment guidelines: A prospective, cross-sectional study at a tertiary care teaching hospital.","authors":"Khushali G Acharya,&nbsp;Kartik N Shah,&nbsp;Nilay D Solanki,&nbsp;Devang A Rana","doi":"10.4103/0976-0105.121653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0976-0105.121653","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Diabetes mellitus is on alarming rise in India. Drug utilization studies help to identify the adherence to standard treatment guidelines and to evaluate the rational drug usage.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To study prescription pattern, calculate the cost of antidiabetic drugs and to evaluate the adherence to treatment guidelines in diabetic patients attending the medicine outpatient department in a tertiary care teaching hospital.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A prospective observational study was carried out for a period of 5 months. The diabetic patients who visited the medicine outdoor department were included. Demographic data and complete prescription details were recorded in the structured case record form. Cost of the drug therapy was calculated from the patient's bills. Indian Council for Medical research guidelines-2005 for diabetes management was used to evaluate the adherence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 250 patients were enrolled in the study with mean age 57.91 ± 9.37. Out of 250 patients 126 (50.4%) were male and rest were female. A total of 1,391 drugs were prescribed, with mean of 5.56 ± 2.52 drugs and out of which 539 drugs were antidiabetics with mean of 2.18 ± 0.96. In monotherapy, metformin was frequently 218 (40.45%) prescribed. Glimepiride and metformin was the most frequently prescribed in 119 (76.28%) out of 156 antidiabetic drug combinations. Most commonly used drugs other than antidiabetics were aspirin 146 (18.9%) and atorvastatin 119 (15.41%). Mean cost of therapy for a month for a diabetic patient was 354.60 ± 305.72 INR. Majority 209 (83.6%) of prescriptions was in accordance to guidelines.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Metformin was the most frequently prescribed drug in the diabetes patient. Metformin and glimeperide being the most frequent combination used. Majority of the prescriptions followed standard guidelines.</p>","PeriodicalId":15046,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic and Clinical Pharmacy","volume":"4 4","pages":"82-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4103/0976-0105.121653","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32323955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic effects of an ethanolic extract of the whole plant of Tridax procumbens (Linn.) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.","authors":"Ramesh R Petchi,&nbsp;S Parasuraman,&nbsp;C Vijaya","doi":"10.4103/0976-0105.121655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0976-0105.121655","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To study the antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic effects of an ethanolic extract of the whole plant of Tridax procumbens (Asteraceae) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The whole plant of T. procumbens was collected in different regions of Madurai districts, Tamil Nadu. The air dried whole plant of T. procumbens was extracted with ethanol (95%) in a Soxhlet apparatus for 72 h. Diabetes was induced in male Wistar rats by streptozotocin (50 mg/jk, i.p.) and nicotinamide (120 mg/kg, i.p) injection. The dry mass of the extract was used for preliminary phytochemical and pharmacological analysis. Diabetic rats were treated with glibenclamide (0.25 mg/kg, p.o.) or T. procumbens extract (250 and 500 mg/k, p.o.) for 21 consecutive days. The blood samples were collected at regular intervals to access hypoglycemic effect of an ethanolic extract of the whole plant of T. procumbens. At the end of the experiment, serum lipid profile and liver enzymes levels were analyzed for all the experimental animals and compared with diabetic control.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The preliminary phytochemical analysis of an ethanolic extract of the whole plant of T. procumbens indicated the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, saponins, and phenolic compounds. The ethanolic extract of the whole plant of T. procumbens at 250 and 500 mg/kg has significant antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic activities. The diabetic control animals exhibited a significant decrease in body weight compared with control animals. T. procumbens inhibited streptozotocin-induced weight loss and significantly alter the lipid levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The ethanolic extract of the whole plant of T. procumbens showed significant antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic activities against streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats.</p>","PeriodicalId":15046,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic and Clinical Pharmacy","volume":"4 4","pages":"88-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4103/0976-0105.121655","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32323956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of liposomal encapsulation for ceftazidime for developing a potential eye drop formulation.","authors":"Chamari Wijesooriya,&nbsp;Marianna Budai,&nbsp;Lívia Budai,&nbsp;Magdolna E Szilasi,&nbsp;Ilona Petrikovics","doi":"10.4103/0976-0105.118810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0976-0105.118810","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ceftazidime is a broad spectrum third generation cephalosporin antibiotic which is effective mainly against Gram-negative bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter and Enterobacteriaceae, the pathogens which most often cause ophthalmological infections. Unlike other commonly used beta lactam antibiotics, ceftazidime is resistant to several types of beta lactamases (e.g., TEM, SHV and PSE-1). Because of these advantages, ceftazidime is used in the treatment of eye infections. However, ceftazidime undergoes rapid degradation in aqueous solutions therefore eye drops containing ceftazidime in aqueous solutions are not commercially manufactured. In the present study, liposomal encapsulations of ceftazidime with various lipid compositions, hydrating solutions and pH-values have been studied in order to optimize liposomal composition for a potential eye drop formulation. </p>","PeriodicalId":15046,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic and Clinical Pharmacy","volume":"4 3","pages":"73-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4103/0976-0105.118810","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32323952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An interventional study on intensive care unit drug therapy assessment in a rural district hospital in India.","authors":"Priyanka Tejashwani Pichala,&nbsp;Bharani Mukkillapati Kumar,&nbsp;Seeba Zachariah,&nbsp;Dixon Thomas,&nbsp;Laura Saunchez,&nbsp;Alvarez-Uria Gerardo","doi":"10.4103/0976-0105.118801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0976-0105.118801","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Intensive care unit is a potential area for drug-related problems. As many of the patients treated are complex patients, clinical pharmacy intervention could find drug therapy problems.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Drug information liaisons daily attended ward rounds with intensivists and screened the patient for drug therapy assessment using the American Society for Health-System Pharmacists clinical skills competition DTA format. This was a prospective study done for 6 months from August 2012 to January 2013. Simple statistics were used to tabulate the drug-related problems assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 72 patients were screened for drug therapy problems, for which 947 drug doses were prescribed in the study period. The total number of prescriptions was 148. The average number of drugs per prescription was 6.39 and the average number of drugs per patient was 13.15. A total of 243 problems were identified; on an average, 1.67 problems were present per prescription. The total number of drug interactions identified was N = 192 (78.2%); majority of them (61.4%) were of type C (not serious). So, 55.73% of them were monitored and not stopped or substituted. The second type of problem was a correlation between drug therapy and medical problem (7.4%). Appropriate drug selection and drug regimen was the third problem, and the adverse drug reactions and therapeutic duplications accounted for approximately 2% of the drug-related problems identified.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Drug interactions constituted the major problem of ICUs, but not many were serious or significant. Consensus in assessment of drug-related problems and convincing intensivists with good quality evidences are required for better acceptance of interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":15046,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic and Clinical Pharmacy","volume":"4 3","pages":"64-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4103/0976-0105.118801","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32323950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}