Journal of Basic and Clinical Pharmacy最新文献

{"title":"Awareness and attitudes regarding breast cancer and breast self-examination among female Jordanian students.","authors":"Amal K Suleiman","doi":"10.4103/0976-0105.139730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0976-0105.139730","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite huge efforts to increase the level of breast cancer awareness, breast self-examination (BSE) is still poorly practiced across Jordan. This baseline study aimed to assess the awareness of female Jordanian students about breast cancer and their practice of BSE.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Using a cross-sectional research design, a self-administered survey was used, via a pre-validated pre-piloted questionnaire was distributed to 900 female students aged between 18 and 37 years recruited from the University of Jordan in Amman. The questionnaire was divided into four domains: Socio-demographic characteristics; the respondent's knowledge of breast cancer and BSE; their attitude towards risk factors for breast cancer; their experience of breast cancer screening and BSE. Statistical analysis was performed using Epi-Info version 6.4 statistical Software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall response rate was 93.3%. Approximately half of the respondents 435 (51.8%) were aware of breast cancer. Of these, 99 (22.7%) believed that it was caused by a medical condition, followed by old age (71; 16.4%), lack of breastfeeding (58; 13.3%), heredity (56; 12.8%), late marriage (44; 10.3%), pregnancies in older women (33; 7.5%), the use of brassieres (18; 4.1%), excessive breastfeeding (17; 3.9%), being unmarried (14; 3.2%), and spirituality (11; 2.6%). Overall, 152 participants (34.9%) were aware of BSE, but only 93 (11%) had performed it.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The current status of awareness of breast cancer in Jordanian students and their use of BSE are insufficient. Women need to be encouraged to self-monitor in order to detect abnormalities in their breasts. Appropriate educational interventions are urgently required to encourage women to engage in regular BSE.</p>","PeriodicalId":15046,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic and Clinical Pharmacy","volume":"5 3","pages":"74-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4103/0976-0105.139730","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32716663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A clinical study on drug-related problems associated with intravenous drug administration.","authors":"A Vijayakumar,&nbsp;E V Sharon,&nbsp;J Teena,&nbsp;S Nobil,&nbsp;I Nazeer","doi":"10.4103/0976-0105.134984","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0976-0105.134984","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Infusion therapy through intravenous (IV) access is a therapeutic option used in the treatment of many hospitalized patients. IV therapy is complex, potentially dangerous and error prone. The objectives were to ascertain the drug-related problems (DRPs) involved in IV medication administration and further to develop strategies to reduce and prevent the occurrence of DRPs during IV administration. Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study was carried out for a period of 4 months. Patients receiving more than two medications through IV route were included and studied. Results: Of 110 patients, 76 (69.09%) were male and the rest were female. Nearly, half of the patients (46.3%, n = 51) were reported with DRPs. Of the 80 DRPs (72.72%) documented, 61 problems (55.4%) were seen in patients given IV medications through peripheral line. Among the DRPs majority seen were incompatibilities (40.9%, n = 45), followed by complications developed (12.7%, n = 14), errors in rate of administration (10.9%), and dilution errors (8%). To study the association of DRPs among gender, statistical analysis was performed and significant association was seen between DRPs and gender (P = 0.03). Conclusion: Among the reported DRPs, simultaneous IV administration of two incompatible drugs was the main predicament faced.","PeriodicalId":15046,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic and Clinical Pharmacy","volume":"5 2","pages":"49-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4103/0976-0105.134984","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32509218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge and use of dietary supplements by students of College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria.","authors":"Bolajoko A Aina,&nbsp;Oluwayemisi A Ojedokun","doi":"10.4103/0976-0105.134952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0976-0105.134952","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Rationale: </strong>Nutritional supplements are preparations intended to supplement the diet and provide nutrients. They include vitamins, minerals, fiber, fatty acids, or amino acids, that may be missing or may not be consumed in sufficient quantities in a person's diet. Many health professionals including dietitians, physicians and pharmacists are supplement users.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The objectives of the present study were to determine knowledge and use of dietary supplements among students of College of Medicine, University of Lagos who are potential health professionals.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A self-administered questionnaire with a mix of open and close ended questions was employed to collect data in this study. It was distributed to 300 students that were in their final year in various departments of the college.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Response rate was 89%. About 86% of the students have used dietary supplement before while half of them (50%) have used it in the past 12 months. The common types of dietary supplements used in the past 12 months are the vitamins. The reasons for use by the students were good health, poor diet, to boost immunity, weight gain and doctor's prescription. Most of the students were occasional and once in a while users.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Majority of the students were aware of dietary supplement use and most of them were occasional users.</p>","PeriodicalId":15046,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic and Clinical Pharmacy","volume":"5 2","pages":"34-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4103/0976-0105.134952","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32509215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A study of potential adverse drug-drug interactions among prescribed drugs in medicine outpatient department of a tertiary care teaching hospital.","authors":"Pankti S Patel,&nbsp;Devang A Rana,&nbsp;Jalpa V Suthar,&nbsp;Supriya D Malhotra,&nbsp;Varsha J Patel","doi":"10.4103/0976-0105.134983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0976-0105.134983","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate prevalence, types, and severity of potential adverse drug-drug interaction in medicine out-patient department.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A single-point, prospective, and observational study was carried out in medicine OPD. Study began after obtaining approval Institutional Ethics Committee. Data were collected and potential drug-drug interactions (pDDIs) were identified using medscape drug interaction checker and were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>A total of 350 prescriptions with mean age 52.45 ± 14.49 years were collected over a period of 5 months. A total of 2066 pDDIs were recorded with mean of 5.90 ± 6.0. The prevalence of pDDI was 83.42%. Aspirin was most frequently prescribed drug in 185 (10.15%) out of total of 1821 drugs It was also the most frequent drug implicated in pDDI i.e. in 48.16%. The most common pDDI identified was metoprolol with aspirin in 126 (6.09%). Mechanism of interactions was pharmacokinetic in 553 (26.76%), pharmacodynamic in 1424 (68.92%) and 89 (4.30%) having an unknown mechanism. Out of all interactions, 76 (3.67%) were serious, 1516 (73.37%) significant, and 474 (22.94%) were minor interaction. Age of the patients (r = 0.327, P = 0.0001) and number of drugs prescribed (r = 0.714, P = 0.0001) are significantly correlated with drug interactions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Aspirin being the most common drug interacting. The use of electronic decision support tools, continuing education and vigilance on the part of prescribers toward drug selection may decrease the problem of pDDIs.</p>","PeriodicalId":15046,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic and Clinical Pharmacy","volume":"5 2","pages":"44-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4103/0976-0105.134983","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32509217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prescribing pattern of interns in a primary health center in India.","authors":"Indranil Banerjee,&nbsp;Tania Bhadury","doi":"10.4103/0976-0105.134980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0976-0105.134980","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Prescription is the written order of the physician which is conveyed to the patient. Rational prescription writing is a skill which should be mastered at the earliest. Internship is the period where undergraduate medical education can be consolidated through continued learning under the direct supervision of teachers. The attitude of interns toward rational drug use is of utmost importance. The present study aimed to explore the prescribing pattern of interns in a primary health center in India.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted for a period of 2 months (June 1 2010-July 30 2010) in a primary health center attached to a medical college in India. The main outcome measure was to assess rationality of prescribing pattern of interns was measured as per World Health Organization enlisted prescribing indicators. Data analysis was done by using descriptive and inferential statistical methods: Frequencies, percentage, and mean standard deviation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1968 drugs were prescribed in 760 prescriptions analyzed with an average of 2.58 drugs per prescription. Analgesic was the most commonly prescribed drug (25.78%) followed by antibiotics (22.1%), drugs used for gastrointestinal symptom (15.78%), multivitamins (11.84%), anti-malarials (8.35%), antihistaminics (6.25%), and hematinics (5.36%). Regarding prescribing indicators, in 435 prescriptions (22.4%), antibiotics were advised. A total of 688 (34.97%) drugs were prescribed by generic name, while the percentage of drugs prescribed from essential drug list of India was 58.47%. Injectables were prescribed in 89 prescriptions (4.49%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present study shows that irrational prescribing practices are common among interns of the institute. The art of rational prescribing should be taught to them by medical teachers who are adequately trained in rational drug use.</p>","PeriodicalId":15046,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic and Clinical Pharmacy","volume":"5 2","pages":"40-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/b6/8f/JBCP-5-40.PMC4074694.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32509216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anticoagulant therapy in pediatrics.","authors":"Mariam K Dabbous,&nbsp;Fouad R Sakr,&nbsp;Diana N Malaeb","doi":"10.4103/0976-0105.134947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0976-0105.134947","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Thromboembolic episodes are disorders encountered in both children and adults, but relatively more common in adults. However, the occurrence of venous thromboembolism and use of anticoagulants in pediatrics are increasing. Unfractionated Heparin (UH) is used as a treatment and prevention of thrombosis in adults and critically ill children. Heparin utilization in pediatric is limited by many factors and the most important ones are Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT) and anaphylaxis. However, Low Molecular Weight Heparin (LMWH) appears to be an effective and safe alternative treatment. Hence, it is preferred over than UH due to favorable pharmacokinetic and side effect profile. Direct Thrombin Inhibitors (DTI) is a promising class over the other anticoagulants since it offers potential advantages. The aim of this review is to discuss the differences between adult and pediatric thromboembolism and to review the current anticoagulants in terms of pharmacological action, doses, drug reactions, pharmacokinetics, interactions, and parameters. This review also highlights the differences between old and new anticoagulant therapy in pediatrics. </p>","PeriodicalId":15046,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic and Clinical Pharmacy","volume":"5 2","pages":"27-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4103/0976-0105.134947","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32509214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fixed drug eruptions caused by cross-reactive quinolones.","authors":"P Deepa Kameswari,&nbsp;Nitya Selvaraj,&nbsp;Mangaiarkkarasi Adhimoolam","doi":"10.4103/0976-0105.134986","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0976-0105.134986","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fixed drug eruptions (FDE) are the common dermatological adverse drug reaction accounts for 16-21% of all cutaneous drug reactions in India. Drugs most frequently implicated in FDE are antimicrobials, anticonvulsants, and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. Here, we report a rare case of bullous FDE due to ciprofloxacin followed by ofloxacin administration. </p>","PeriodicalId":15046,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic and Clinical Pharmacy","volume":"5 2","pages":"54-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4103/0976-0105.134986","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32509219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Why angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers are not prescribed in the management of hypertension among hemodialysis patients in India.","authors":"Uday Venkat Mateti,&nbsp;Anantha Naik Nagappa,&nbsp;Rajesh Balkrishnan","doi":"10.4103/0976-0105.134987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0976-0105.134987","url":null,"abstract":"Despite of well‑established clinical advantages of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) among hemodialysis patients, they are seldom prescribed. The prevalence of end‑stage renal disease (ESRD) is increasing in India due to diabetes, hypertension, and ageing population. Hypertension is major morbidity affecting 90% of patients on hemodialysis, which is often poorly controlled. [1] According to Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative clinical practice guidelines, ACEIs and ARBs are the first line choice in chronic kidney disease patients. [2] Numerous clinical studies have been proven the importance of ACEIs and ARBs in reduction of morbidity and mortality; however in India, nephrologists are reluctant and prescribe sparingly ACEIs and ARBs in ESRD patients on hemodialysis. [3,4] This lack of enthusiasm by the nephrologists is attributed to poor infrastructure in terms of monitoring of hyperkalemia, which is mandatory for ACEIs and ARBs regimens. It is a well‑known fact that ACEIs and ARBs were associated with an amplified risk of hyperkalemia in hemodialysis patients, possibly due to blocking the extra renal potassium loss. [5] Increased levels of potassium in extracellular fluid and serum can cause muscle weakness effecting contraction in skeletal muscle, and in cardiac tissue leading to arrhythmia, and cardiac arrest. Due to poor kidney function, the elimination of ACEIs and ARBs is effected and residence time of these drugs gets effected leading to alteration in pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic profiles. However, the elimination of various ACEI by hemodialysis is in the order of, lisinopril 50%, benazepril 20‑50%, enalapril 35%, ramipril <30%, fosinopril <10%, captopril (yes) respectively. On the contrary elimination of ARBs is not possible by hemodialysis. [5]","PeriodicalId":15046,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic and Clinical Pharmacy","volume":"5 2","pages":"56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/e1/99/JBCP-5-56.PMC4074698.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32509220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the knowledge and attitudes of intern doctors to medication prescribing errors in a Nigeria tertiary hospital.","authors":"Adetutu A Ajemigbitse,&nbsp;Moses Kayode Omole,&nbsp;Nnamdi Chika Ezike,&nbsp;Wilson O Erhun","doi":"10.4103/0976-0105.128244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0976-0105.128244","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Junior doctors are reported to make most of the prescribing errors in the hospital setting.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>The aim of the following study is to determine the knowledge intern doctors have about prescribing errors and circumstances contributing to making them.</p><p><strong>Settings and design: </strong>A structured questionnaire was distributed to intern doctors in National Hospital Abuja Nigeria.</p><p><strong>Subjects and methods: </strong>Respondents gave information about their experience with prescribing medicines, the extent to which they agreed with the definition of a clinically meaningful prescribing error and events that constituted such. Their experience with prescribing certain categories of medicines was also sought.</p><p><strong>Statistical analysis used: </strong>Data was analyzed with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 17 (SPSS Inc Chicago, Ill, USA). Chi-squared analysis contrasted differences in proportions; P < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The response rate was 90.9% and 27 (90%) had <1 year of prescribing experience. 17 (56.7%) respondents totally agreed with the definition of a clinically meaningful prescribing error. Most common reasons for prescribing mistakes were a failure to check prescriptions with a reference source (14, 25.5%) and failure to check for adverse drug interactions (14, 25.5%). Omitting some essential information such as duration of therapy (13, 20%), patient age (14, 21.5%) and dosage errors (14, 21.5%) were the most common types of prescribing errors made. Respondents considered workload (23, 76.7%), multitasking (19, 63.3%), rushing (18, 60.0%) and tiredness/stress (16, 53.3%) as important factors contributing to prescribing errors. Interns were least confident prescribing antibiotics (12, 25.5%), opioid analgesics (12, 25.5%) cytotoxics (10, 21.3%) and antipsychotics (9, 19.1%) unsupervised.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Respondents seemed to have a low awareness of making prescribing errors. Principles of rational prescribing and events that constitute prescribing errors should be taught in the practice setting.</p>","PeriodicalId":15046,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic and Clinical Pharmacy","volume":"5 1","pages":"7-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4103/0976-0105.128244","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32324961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-medication: A current challenge.","authors":"Darshana Bennadi","doi":"10.4103/0976-0105.128253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0976-0105.128253","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Self-medication is a global phenomenon and potential contributor to human pathogen resistance to antibiotics. The adverse consequences of such practices should always be emphasized to the community and steps to curb it. Rampant irrational use of antimicrobials without medical guidance may result in greater probability of inappropriate, incorrect, or undue therapy, missed diagnosis, delays in appropriate treatment, pathogen resistance and increased morbidity. This review focused on the self-medication of allopathic drugs, their use, its safety and reason for using it. It would be safe, if the people who are using it, have sufficient knowledge about its dose, time of intake, side effect on over dose, but due to lack of information it can cause serious effects such as antibiotic resistance, skin problem, hypersensitivity and allergy. There is need to augment awareness and implement legislations to promote judicious and safe practices. Improved knowledge and understanding about self-medication may result in rationale use and thus limit emerging microbial resistance issues. Articles which were published in peer reviewed journals, World Self-Medication Industry and World Health Organization websites relating to self-medication reviewed. </p>","PeriodicalId":15046,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic and Clinical Pharmacy","volume":"5 1","pages":"19-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4103/0976-0105.128253","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32324963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}