Journal of Applied Biotechnology & Bioengineering最新文献

{"title":"Oxidative stress and antioxidant mechanisms in human body","authors":"Azab Elsayed Azab,  Almokhtar A Adwas, Ata Sedik Ibrahim Elsayed, Almokhtar A. Adwas,  Ata Sedik Ibrahim Elsayed, Fawzia Amhimmid Quwaydir","doi":"10.15406/jabb.2019.06.00173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/jabb.2019.06.00173","url":null,"abstract":"The present review aims to high light on the oxidative stress, and prevention by internal antioxidants and external antioxidants by some natural products possessing antioxidant properties. Oxidative stress occurs when the balance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and detoxification favors an increase in ROS levels, leading to disturbed cellular function. ROS causes damage to cellular macromolecules causing lipid peroxidation, nucleic acid, and protein alterations. Their formation is considered as a pathobiochemical mechanism involved in the initiation or progression phase of various diseases such as atherosclerosis, ischemic heart diseases, diabetes, and initiation of carcinogenesis or liver diseases. In order to maintain proper cell signaling, it is likely that a number of radical scavenging enzymes maintain a threshold level of ROS inside the cell. However, when the level of ROS exceeds this threshold, an increase in ROS production may lead to excessive signals to the cell, in addition to direct damage to key components in signaling pathways. ROS can also irreversibly damage essential macromolecules. Protein-bound thiol and non-protein-thiol are the major cytosolic low molecular weight sulfhydryl compound that acts as a cellular reducing and a protective reagent against numerous toxic substances including most inorganic pollutants, through the –SH group. Hence, thiol is often the first line of defense against oxidative stress. Flavonoids have been found to play important roles in the non-enzymatic protection against oxidative stress, especially in the case of cancer. Flavonoids have occurred widely in tea, fruit, red wine, vegetables, and cocoas. Flavonoids, including flavones, flavanone, flavonols, and isoflavones, are polyphenolic compounds which are widespread in foods and beverages, and possess a wide range of biological activities, of which anti-oxidation has been extensively explored. It can be concluded that oxidative stress causes irreversible damage in cellular macromolecules that leads to initiation of various diseases such as atherosclerosis, ischemic heart diseases, liver diseases, diabetes, and initiation of carcinogenesis. Antioxidants inhibit reactive oxygen species production and scavenging of free radicals. Therefore, the review recommends that high consumption of natural foods that are rich in antioxidants will provide more protection against toxic agents and related diseases.","PeriodicalId":15033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biotechnology & Bioengineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83209745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Purification and properties of sulfite oxidase from different sources: a mini review","authors":"R. Rawal,  Chandra Shekhar Pundir, Gumel* Am, Surayya Mm, Yaroshenko Mn, W. Iz, Amina Aa","doi":"10.15406/jabb.2019.06.00169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/jabb.2019.06.00169","url":null,"abstract":"Sulfite oxidase (SOx) (EC 1.8.3.1) is found in the mitochondria of all eukaryotes. It oxidizes sulfite to sulfate and via cytochrome c. It transfers the electrons produced to the electron transport chain (ETC), allowing generation of ATP by oxidative phosphorylation. This is the last step in the metabolism of sulfur-containing compounds and the sulfate is excreted. SOx is a metallo-enzyme containing a molybdopterin cofactor and a heme group. It is one of the cytochrome b5 and belongs to the enzyme super-family of molybdenum oxotransferases that also includes dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) reductase, xanthine oxidase and nitrite reductase. In mammals, the expression level of SOX is high in the liver, kidney and heart but very low in spleen, brain, skeletal muscle and blood1–3 of functional SOx causes sulfite deficiency. This causes neurological disorders, mental retardation, physical deformities, dislocated lenses, degradation of brain and early death thus sulfite level in body must normally be strictly maintained. SOx was first isolated from bovine liver and subsequently also purified from animal sources such as rat, dog, beef, humans, chicken and goat liver and plant sources such as Spinacia oleracea, Malva sylvestris, Nicotiana tabacum and Arabidopsis thaliana (Table 1).4 The present review deals with the distribution, purification, and characterization of SOX from various sources.","PeriodicalId":15033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biotechnology & Bioengineering","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78808516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Massive sequencing of artisan cheeses from raw sheep’s milk","authors":"R. Julia, E. Analía, Padola Nora, Kruger Alejandra, M. Luis","doi":"10.15406/jabb.2019.06.00198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/jabb.2019.06.00198","url":null,"abstract":"Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are used in the food industry to confer aromatic characteristics and their antibacterial capacity. In this study the native flora of LAB that participates in the traditional fermentation of semi-hard cheeses made with raw sheep's milk from the region of Andalusia, Spain was analyzed. Three samples of four different commercial cheeses were taken. Massive sequencing was carried out to identify the lactic and accompanying flora. Predominant lactic flora was Lactococcus lactis, Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus paracasei and Lactococcus raffinolactis, and to a lesser extent other species of the genera Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Pediococcus and Leuconestoc. The accompanying flora was composed of species of the genera Mycoplasma, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Chryseobacterium, Mannheimia, Trueperella, Enterococcus, Vibrio, Serratia, Macrococcus, Staphylococcus, Massilia, Flavobacterium, Yersinia, Gallaecimonas, Hafnia, Leclercia, Obesumbacterium, Morganella and Kluyvera. These results show that modern molecular techniques are very good tools to identify natural LABs of artisanal dairy products. The characterization of the native flora of the artisanal cheese allows us to evaluate the microbiological diversity of the natural population of LAB and the symbiosis with another type of flora.","PeriodicalId":15033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biotechnology & Bioengineering","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75157067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transformation With a JrVTE1 Gene for Tocopherol Cyclase Increasing the Content Of Total Tocopherol in Sour Jujube (Zizyphus jujuba Mill.var. spinosus Hu.)","authors":"Guan Qiuzhu, Sun Hongyan, Sun Qing-rong","doi":"10.5296/jab.v7i1.14101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5296/jab.v7i1.14101","url":null,"abstract":"Tocopherol cyclase (VTE1) plays a key role in promoting the production of tocopherol and increasing vitamin E content in plants. JrVTE1 gene isolated and cloned from walnut was transformed into genome of sour jujube (Zizyphus jujuba Mill. var. spinosus Hu.) by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Putative transgenic lines were checked by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The content of tocopherol of the transgenic plants were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Compared to the non-transgenic sour jujube plants, the total content of tocopherol in transgenic plants was markedly increased in all tested tissues including the stems and leaves.","PeriodicalId":15033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biotechnology & Bioengineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83398776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrochloric acid pretreated agro wastes as carbon source on CM-cellulases production by Aspergillus niger","authors":"M. Siyal, M. U. Dahot, M. H. Noomrio","doi":"10.15406/JABB.2018.05.00167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/JABB.2018.05.00167","url":null,"abstract":"Cellulase is a multi-component enzyme system that works synergistically in hydrolyzing the cellulosic substrates to glucose. Mostly three enzymes are involved; endo-β-d-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.4) which catalyzes the random hydrolysis of soluble and insoluble cellulose chains. Exo-β-d-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.19) aids in releasing cellobiose from reducing and non-reducing ends of cellulose, and hydrolysis of cellobiose to glucose is carried out by β-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.37).1,2 Cellulases have been used in a number of industrial processes. The most notable applications are in textile, paper and pulp, food and animal feed, fuel and chemical industry, waste management, and pharmaceutical industry.3","PeriodicalId":15033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biotechnology & Bioengineering","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87163788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of respiratory phase and rate from chest surface measurements","authors":"Hansen A Mansy, M. K. Khurshidul Azad, Peshala T Gamage, Richard H Sandler","doi":"10.15406/jabb.2018.05.00165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/jabb.2018.05.00165","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biotechnology & Bioengineering","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78824596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Principles of the human body functioning and their applications in integrative medicine (review)","authors":"Korotkov Kg","doi":"10.15406/JABB.2018.05.00163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/JABB.2018.05.00163","url":null,"abstract":"Throughout the history of modern science, scientists have tried to understand the principles that govern the operation of the human body. They have always done so on the basis of existing concepts, such as the current accepted ruling paradigm. In the XVII – XIXth centuries, the human body was compared with mechanisms, functioning on the basis of Newtonian principles. In the XXth century, biochemical principles came to the forefront, supported to some extent by the electrical; in the XXIst century, the temptation is to reduce all the roots of health problems to genetics, but this approach has not been justified. At last, we have come to the understanding that all these principles operate simultaneously, and all of them are equally important, and influence each other. Chemical agents circulate in the body, controlled by electrical signals, while factoring the effects of genetics and local environmental conditions. These principles have been accepted by a new developing branch of medicine – Integrative Medicine. It is defined by the Consortium of Academic Health Centers for Integrative Medicine as “an approach to the practice of medicine that makes use of the best-available evidence taking into account the whole person (body, mind and spirit), including all aspects of lifestyle.1","PeriodicalId":15033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biotechnology & Bioengineering","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78964828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biodiversity and biotechnological applications of novel plant growth promoting methylotrophs","authors":"N. Yadav, Ajar Nath Yadav","doi":"10.15406/JABB.2018.05.00162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/JABB.2018.05.00162","url":null,"abstract":"The different class α, β and γ–proteobacteria of methylotrophic bacteria communities have been reported worldwide. The class α-proteobacteria has been reported as most dominant followed by β–proteobacteria. The novel methylotrophic microbes have been isolated and characterized from different habitats worldwide including Methylocella silvestris BL2T , Methylocella palustris KT, Methyloferula stellata AR4T and Methylocapsa acidiphila B2T from acidic soil;22–25 Methylobacterium tarhaniae N4211T from arid soil;26 Methylobacterium iners 5317S-33T and Methylobacterium aerolatum 5413S-11T from air sample;27 Methylobacterium adhaesivum AR27T and Methylobacterium isbiliense AR24T from drinking water;28,29 Methylobacterium brachiatum B0021T, Methylobacterium gregans 002-074T, Methylobacterium komagatae 002-079T, Methylobacterium persicinum 002-165T and Methylobacterium tardum RB677T from freshwater sample;30 Methylobacterium organophilum XX, Methylotenera versatilis 301T and Methylotenera mobilis JLW8T from lakes;31–33 Methylobacterium brachythecii 99bT, Methylobacterium cerastii C44, Methylobacterium gnaphalii 23eT, Methylobacterium gossipiicola Gh-105T, Methylobacterium haplocladii 87eT, Methylobacterium oxalidis 35aT, Methylobacterium phyllosphaerae B27T, Methylobacterium phyllostachyos BL47T, Methylobacterium platani PMB02T, Methylobacterium pseudosasicola BL36T, Methylobacterium thuringiense C34T, Methylobacterium trifolii TA73T, from leaf surface of diverse plants;34–42 Methylobacterium aminovorans TH-1, Methylobacterium goesingense iEII3, Methylobacterium soli YIM 48816T, Methylobacterium suomiense, F20T, Methylobacterium thiocyanatum, Methylobacterium variabile GR3T, Methylopila capsulata IM1T, and Methylopila helvetica VKMB-189 from soil samples43–50","PeriodicalId":15033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biotechnology & Bioengineering","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81148725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ablution (Wudu) health benefits (HBs) through comparison nasal–cavity (NC) bacterial–content (BC) with gold–standard (GS) at high–altitude (HA) area, Taif, KSA","authors":"S. M. M Sabra","doi":"10.15406/jabb.2018.05.00160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/jabb.2018.05.00160","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biotechnology & Bioengineering","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87673162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacterial root bark necrosis and wilt of pomegranate, hereto a new disease","authors":"Ajayasree Ts, Borkar Sg","doi":"10.15406/jabb.2018.05.00159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/jabb.2018.05.00159","url":null,"abstract":"Pomegranate is an important fruit crop grown in agro-climatic condition ranging from tropical to temperate1 and in various countries like Israel, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Egypt, India and different counties of USA. The current total annual world production of pomegranate is estimated to be 1.5 million tonnes.2 According to an estimate, more than 0.119 million tonnes pomegranate fruit was exported from Iran, India, Tunisia, U.S.A, Spain, etc to different countries.2 The cultivation of pomegranate has expanded to five continents with India, Iran, China, Turkey, U.S.A, Spain, South Africa, Peru, Chile and Argentina as major players in production. Since 2013, India has been the world’s largest pomegranate producer and one of the largest exporters of fresh and processed pomegranate with the production of 745,000 tonnes since 2013. Iran is second followed by China. India ranks first in the world with respect to pomegranate area (0.125 million hectares) and production (1.14 million tonnes). In India it is grown under the arid dry climate of Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh states which occupy a major area in this fruit crop for India’s National Horticultural Mission, uplifting the economic status of the fruit crop growing farmers. Maharashtra contributes more than 75% of the total area alone followed by Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh.","PeriodicalId":15033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biotechnology & Bioengineering","volume":"230 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80232886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}