Journal of Agricultural Economics最新文献

{"title":"Intra-Seasonal Crop Management and the Potential Benefit of Seasonal Precipitation Forecasts: Farm-Level Embedded Risk Analysis in Ethiopia","authors":"Christian Troost,&nbsp;Samuel Elias Kayamo,&nbsp;Livia Rasche,&nbsp;Thomas Berger","doi":"10.1111/1477-9552.70054","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1477-9552.70054","url":null,"abstract":"<p>How large is the potential benefit for farmers from obtaining forecasts of total rainfall in the upcoming season? This critically depends on the local farm system and the crop management actions available to farmers to respond to the forecasts issued. Studies assessing the financial value of seasonal precipitation forecasts have so far focused almost exclusively on start-of-season crop sowing decisions using approaches for non-embedded risk analysis. However, crop management decisions are spread over the entire growing cycle, and considering this realistically could either increase or diminish the financial value of seasonal forecast information from a theoretical perspective. Our simulation analysis demonstrates how this research gap can be closed: we employ a state-contingent embedded risk approach combining multi-stage discrete stochastic programming and high-performance computing to determine optimal crop management responses (crop choice, sowing date, tied-ridging, relay cropping and fertilization) to seasonal precipitation forecasts throughout the full crop growth cycle. For rain-fed agriculture in the Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia, we find seasonal forecasts to increase risk-adjusted expected cash surplus by about 2%–3% at realistic forecast skill levels. For a typical risk-averse subsistence farming household (0.5 ha), we calculated an increase in long-term expected cash surplus of 58 USD PPP at 2023 prices. Intra-seasonal crop management plays an important role in forecast response. A non-embedded risk approach simulated not more than 35% of the forecast's economic value simulated with the embedded risk approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":14994,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Economics","volume":"77 3","pages":"928-954"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1477-9552.70054","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148288527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fertilising Climate Policy: The Dual Impact of CBAM on EU Agricultural Emissions and Regional Disparities","authors":"Davit Stepanyan,&nbsp;Omid Zamani,&nbsp;Claudia Heidecke,&nbsp;Janine Pelikan,&nbsp;Jörg Rieger,&nbsp;Bernhard Osterburg,&nbsp;Alexander Gocht","doi":"10.1111/1477-9552.70060","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1477-9552.70060","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM), scheduled to become fully operational in 2026, is designed to complement the EU Emissions Trading System (ETS) by replacing free emission allowances and preventing carbon leakage to non-EU regions. CBAM initially covers energy-intensive sectors, including mineral nitrogen (N) fertiliser production. Although mineral N fertiliser production is already included in the EU ETS, it is currently exempt from carbon charges owing to full compensation through free allowances. The phase-out of these allowances and the introduction of CBAM are expected to increase the prices of both imported and domestically produced fertilisers, indirectly affecting the EU agricultural sector. This study quantitatively assesses the impacts of the expected fertiliser price changes on the EU agricultural sector and related environmental outcomes using the Modular Applied GeNeral Equilibrium Tool (MAGNET) and the Common Agricultural Policy Regionalised Impact (CAPRI) model. The results indicate that the combined effect of phasing out free allowances and implementing CBAM will double mineral N fertiliser prices. Higher prices are projected to reduce demand, leading to a 21.4% decline in domestic production and a 37% reduction in imports. Overall mineral N fertiliser use in the EU is expected to decrease by 22%, partially replaced by manure. Consequently, EU agricultural factor income is projected to fall by 7.7%, primarily affecting high-input regions. Meanwhile, non-EU agricultural income is projected to rise slightly by 0.05%, driven by higher exports. EU agricultural greenhouse gas emissions are expected to decrease by 22 megatons of CO₂-equivalent, with no significant increase globally.</p>","PeriodicalId":14994,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Economics","volume":"77 3","pages":"972-988"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1477-9552.70060","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148288526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Economic and Ecological Impact of Soy in Brazil: A Synthetic Control Method Approach","authors":"Stefano Ghinoi,&nbsp;Simone Piras,&nbsp;Luca Tasciotti,&nbsp;Valdemar João Wesz Junior","doi":"10.1111/1477-9552.70061","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1477-9552.70061","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In recent decades, soy expansion in Brazil has generated significant environmental, social and economic impacts. However, there is no consensus about benefits and drawbacks, calling for a more careful account of the economic and ecological diversity of the territories where this phenomenon has been unfolding. By acknowledging this diversity, we investigate the economic and ecological impacts of soy by applying a synthetic control method to longitudinal data (1990–2019) at state level. We focus on three indicators (GDP, CO₂ emissions and deforestation) and explore how these indicators vary in five states (Goiás, Paraná, Piauí, Rio Grande do Sul, Tocantins). These states differ in terms of underlying conditions and timing of soy expansion but have in common a significant contribution of soy to their GDP. From an environmental perspective, the states where soy consolidated its presence during the period considered (Goiás and Paraná) experienced a general improvement compared to their synthetic counterfactuals, especially in terms of deforestation, while a pioneer state in soy production such as Rio Grande do Sul saw a worsening in environmental indicators, especially right after the 2008 global financial crisis. This is also reflected in the impact of soy on GDP, which has been negative in this state, suggesting that it may have suffered from being a plantation economy, with soy subtracting resources from potentially more beneficial sectors. This geographical and temporal heterogeneity indicates that the economic and environmental impact of soy cannot be reduced to a single dominant trend. The outcome depends on the trade-offs with other sectors, which is in turn linked to the level of economic development of the state when soy took off.</p>","PeriodicalId":14994,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Economics","volume":"77 3","pages":"989-1017"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1477-9552.70061","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148288523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Planning Crop–Livestock Integration With Social Norms: A Bio-Economic Model Balancing Circularity and Farmer Welfare","authors":"Matteo Bruno Ricozzi,&nbsp;Argyris Kanellopoulos,&nbsp;Jaap Sok,&nbsp;Sander de Leeuw","doi":"10.1111/1477-9552.70063","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1477-9552.70063","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Regional crop-livestock integration can reduce dependence on external inputs and improve circularity, but its implementation requires coordination across heterogeneous farms and may generate uneven welfare losses due to technical, economic and behavioural factors, including social norms and peer effects. This study develops a landscape bio-economic model that integrates heterogeneous farmer preferences, farm-level constraints and social coordination via social norms and peer networks. Applied to a Dutch case study, the model identifies, from a social planner perspective, coordinated integration strategies that optimise feed and manure exchanges between arable and dairy farms. We show that optimising farm-to-farm integration can reduce total nitrogen import by up to 20% with limited losses of farmer welfare relative to the unconstrained welfare-maximising solution. The model estimates farm-specific willingness-to-accept imposed circularity targets, accounting for losses across economic and non-economic utility attributes, including social norm conformity. Willingness-to-accept increases non-linearly as nitrogen reduction targets become more stringent, with the burden initially borne mainly by sustainability-oriented and dairy farms, while extending to arable and conventional farms only at very ambitious targets. We also find that stronger preferences for social norm conformity can ease trade-offs between farmer welfare and circularity and are associated with greater reliance on local feed exchange and a reduced role for manure exchange, indicating that social influence is practice-specific. These results motivate targeted and phased policy programmes combined with coordination incentives.</p>","PeriodicalId":14994,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Economics","volume":"77 3","pages":"1034-1049"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1477-9552.70063","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148596244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial Use in Livestock: The Economic Cost of Action or Inaction","authors":"Alejandro Acosta,&nbsp;Wondmagegn Tirkaso,&nbsp;Marco Artavia,&nbsp;Francesco Nicolli,&nbsp;Thomas Chatzopoulos,&nbsp;Sergio René Araujo-Enciso,&nbsp;Martin Cicowiez,&nbsp;Shaikh Eskander,&nbsp;Ramanan Laxminarayan,&nbsp;Junxia Song","doi":"10.1111/1477-9552.70041","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1477-9552.70041","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper quantifies the economy-wide consequences of two independent global stress-tests in livestock production. The first assesses the effects of phasing out antimicrobial growth promoters (AGPs), and the second evaluates the long-term impacts of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) progression. We use a sequential, one-way modelling framework combining a global partial equilibrium (PE) model and a global computable general equilibrium (CGE) model to trace how scenario-defined shocks in livestock production propagate through world agricultural markets and the wider economy. The highest-impact AGPs phase-out scenario results in cumulative global livestock production losses, valued at constant 2021–2023 prices, of roughly USD 53 billion over 2025–2040, with annual deviations that peak in the mid-2020s and then decline as output converges along scenario-defined recovery paths. In contrast, the highest-impact AMR scenario produces persistent and compounding reductions by construction, with cumulative production losses of about USD 318 billion by 2040, while cumulative economy-wide welfare losses in this high-impact case reach approximately USD 1.25 trillion, concentrated mainly in upper–middle-income countries. Results are scenario dependent by construction and represent indicative orders of magnitude rather than forecasts. The baseline implicitly reflects prevailing levels of AGPs and AMR embedded in historical production trends. The study provides a framework for quantifying the production effects of antimicrobial use (AMU) and their economy-wide spillovers, highlighting the asymmetric timing of the economic costs of action and inaction under the imposed scenario structure.</p>","PeriodicalId":14994,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Economics","volume":"77 3","pages":"865-887"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1477-9552.70041","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148288558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Automating Food Production: Evidence From the Dutch Food Industry","authors":"Jan-Philip R. Uhlemann","doi":"10.1111/1477-9552.70067","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1477-9552.70067","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Automation technology has the potential to replace a significant part of the labour force in the food industry. With data from 2002 to 2023, I investigate the causal treatment effects of the adoption of automation technology in the Dutch food industry. Automation technology in the food industry is used in a variety of tasks, such as logistics, safety, quality and production. I present a theoretical model to outline relationships that are tested in the empirical analysis. The outcome variables of interest are gross value added, average wage, employment and the labour share. The empirical analysis finds that the effect of automation on these outcomes is ambiguous and the majority of the estimates are not statistically significant. I study the relationship under various samples of food industry firms and automation definitions. For the full sample, long-run changes in these outcomes are largely uncorrelated with automation, while food processors show a long-run decline in gross value added and a rising labour share. A chained difference-in-differences design shows that adoption raises gross value added and lowers the labour share and wages among larger firms and food processors. However, most of the effects of automation are not statistically significant. The absence of strong effects of automation could be explained by investments that monitor and control production steps, rather than displace worker roles in production.</p>","PeriodicalId":14994,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Economics","volume":"77 3","pages":"843-864"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1477-9552.70067","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148703448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficiency, Shadow Pricing and Regime Switching in Multi-Ware Technologies: Evidence From Regulated Livestock Farms","authors":"Youpei Yan,&nbsp;Robert G. Chambers","doi":"10.1111/1477-9552.70059","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1477-9552.70059","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We develop a framework for regulated production systems where output generation and pollution abatement impose competing technological demands. Using a multi-ware technology, we model the production set as the intersection of two input requirement frontiers, one for production and one for abatement, each reflecting distinct trade-offs. We characterise the efficient set using gaps in efficiency distances and recover shadow prices for smooth and non-smooth frontiers, clarifying how subdifferentials govern shadow prices at switching points. To address unobserved heterogeneity in technological orientation, we estimate a full-information maximum likelihood model with endogenous regime-switching. Applying the framework to Chinese livestock farms, we recover regime-specific land costs, identify drivers of regime assignment and quantify inefficiency using multi-ware distances. Results reveal sharp asymmetries in spatial burdens between production and abatement, and systematic switching behaviour driven by inputs and weather. Our framework offers a widely applicable, policy-relevant tool for evaluating environmental and economic performance.</p><p><b>JEL Classification:</b> D24, Q12, Q52</p>","PeriodicalId":14994,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Economics","volume":"77 3","pages":"955-971"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1477-9552.70059","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148288528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Economic and Environmental Analysis of Virtual Fencing for Precision Grazing","authors":"Elias Maritan,&nbsp;Karl Behrendt,&nbsp;Sarah Morgan,&nbsp;Steven Mark Rutter,&nbsp;James Lowenberg-DeBoer","doi":"10.1111/1477-9552.70062","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1477-9552.70062","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The UK grazing livestock sector is challenged by declining farm profitability and stringent environmental policy. Innovative technologies such as virtual fencing could enable a balanced economic and environmental performance of beef production. Virtual fencing is a livestock management tool relying on invisible boundaries perceived as auditory, electrical, or vibrational cues emitted by devices worn by grazing animals. This analysis compares virtual and conventional fencing from an economic and environmental perspective using a multi-objective linear programming model. Optimal livestock management scenarios are identified for two typical UK cattle grazing systems. In intensive lowland beef finishing, virtual fencing achieves the lowest economic performance and a beef carbon emission intensity comparable to electric fencing. In an extensive upland suckler cow system, virtual fencing enables ecological conservation and reduces beef carbon emission intensity but increases labour input compared to set stocking. This <i>ex-ante</i> assessment illustrates how precision grazing technologies can be simultaneously evaluated against economic and environmental objectives. The results indicate that, under current cost structures, virtual fencing is unlikely to be competitive with electric fencing in intensive lowland beef finishing systems, where it delivers similar environmental outcomes at higher cost. In contrast, in upland suckler cow systems, virtual fencing can support habitat protection and reduce beef carbon emission intensity but remains constrained by capital and labour costs. These findings suggest that virtual fencing is unlikely to be widely adopted on purely commercial grounds but could play a targeted role in the delivery of publicly subsidised conservation programmes such as the UK's Environmental Land Management schemes.</p>","PeriodicalId":14994,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Economics","volume":"77 3","pages":"1018-1033"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1477-9552.70062","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148288524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bridging the Divide Between Agricultural Economics and the Sustainability Sciences","authors":"Thomas W. Hertel","doi":"10.1111/1477-9552.70074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1477-9552.70074","url":null,"abstract":"This article is based on several decades of experience engaging in interdisciplinary research and teaching involving agronomists, climate scientists, ecologists, hydrologists and geographers, focused on ensuring the long run sustainability of local and global food systems. Through a series of examples of this research, the paper will underscore several key points. The first is that keeping the economics as simple as possible leaves greater room for interdisciplinary collaboration. The more complex the economic models, the higher the barrier to effective collaboration. Basic economic messages on the role of markets in mediating the impacts of policies, along with producer and consumer responses to changing incentives are invaluable to sustainability analyses and can lend important new insights. This doesn’t mean that the ensuing economic analysis is not sophisticated. Indeed, as will be demonstrated, sophisticated analysis is critically important. But this analysis is at the ‘extensive margin’ of economic science—applying established methods to new application domains. A second point is that economists must work at the same spatial resolution as our science collaborators. For food, land and water sustainability challenges, this is typically the grid cell—geospatial units identified by latitude and longitude coordinates. Economists have been slow on the uptake of the geospatial data revolution. For me personally, this has meant moving, over the last two decades, from national scale general equilibrium modelling to gridded partial equilibrium modelling. Ultimately, these two frameworks can be combined, as I will demonstrate in this paper. Many sustainability analyses must start at the granular level where one can leverage the full expertise of the biophysical scientists. This may take many economists out of their comfort zone. However, our tools can be adapted and brought to bear at fine scale. In this context, the paper highlights the value of the Global‐to‐Local‐to‐Global approach to sustainability analysis. The third key point made in this paper is that economics offers a great organising framework for interdisciplinary projects. Too often we let the biophysical scientists frame the discussion prior to our involvement. This leads to frustration on the part of economists who are relegated to a secondary role in the project. However, if we lead the writing of the proposal and frame the overall discussion in economic terms, this gives rise to a very different dynamic which can facilitate coherent and meaningful economic analyses. Further, when economics is not used in the sustainability sciences, policy prescriptions are often limited at best, and misleading at worst. Finally, I have some suggestions for the teaching of interdisciplinary skills at the graduate level. Here, a well‐constructed course can benefit both the students as well as the instructor, fostering fruitful collaborations on grant applications, as well as generating new ideas for res","PeriodicalId":14994,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Economics","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148922635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Hundred Years of the Agricultural Economics Society","authors":"David R. Stead","doi":"10.1111/1477-9552.70065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1477-9552.70065","url":null,"abstract":"The centenary of the UK‐based Agricultural Economics Society (AES) is an obvious opportunity to provide an updated summary institutional history of its development and achievements. Knowledge of equivalent associations in the US influenced the foundation of the AES in 1926. After a faltering start, the Society's main activities have been organising residential and one‐day conferences and publishing the <jats:italic>Journal of Agricultural Economics</jats:italic> . The last‐mentioned began in 1928 as a conference proceedings. Great growth in AES membership occurred in the 25 years after the Second World War, reflecting recognition of the importance of agricultural economics in that era. With the subsequent erosion of the subject's base in British universities, especially around the turn of the millennium, the twenty‐first‐century AES pursued an outward‐looking strategy. It started co‐producing the outreach periodical <jats:italic>EuroChoices</jats:italic> with the European Association of Agricultural Economists, and holding annual conferences outside Britain. Nowadays AES membership is much more international than in the past but less occupationally diverse, with around three‐quarters of current members drawn from academia. When deemed necessary the Society has occasionally made representations on behalf of the profession, in particular influencing specific aspects of how UK research assessment exercises operate. Numbers of members and annual conference delegates are currently buoyant, and the Executive Committee has launched a £100,000 centenary fund to support postgraduate research students. The AES, then, is well positioned for the opportunities and challenges ahead at the start of its second century.","PeriodicalId":14994,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Economics","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148922636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}