Journal of Applied Entomology最新文献

{"title":"When Numbers Mean Money: Pest Precision Sampling in High-Density Mango Crops","authors":"Elvis Prudêncio de Araújo Pereira,&nbsp;Rita de Cássia Rodrigues Gonçalves Gervásio,&nbsp;José Bruno Malaquias,&nbsp;Angélica da Silva Salustino,&nbsp;Tiago Cardoso da Costa-Lima","doi":"10.1111/jen.70042","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jen.70042","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The development of sampling plans is essential for assertive decision-making in integrated pest management programs. The present study aimed to develop a plan for monitoring major mango pests in high-density mango crops in Brazil. For this purpose, the influence of the position of the branch to be sampled in the canopy (internal and external) and the ideal number of plants to be evaluated per area were assessed. Regarding the position, the number of insects in the plants' first and second vegetative flush was surveyed. To define the number of points per area, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28 and 32 plants/ha were evaluated. The studies were conducted in a commercial mango production area in the Submiddle São Francisco Valley, northeast Brazil. An area of 3 ha was used for the experiment, with high-density cultivation of the ‘Palmer’ variety. The second vegetative flush showed a higher incidence of scale insects and thrips in the first harvest, whereas no difference was observed in the second. According to the sampling plan developed, there was no variation in the population of thrips and scale insects between 12 and 32 plants/ha. Considering the cost, 12 plants/ha of high-density mango crops should be sampled based on the second vegetative flush of the plant for scale insects and thrips.</p>","PeriodicalId":14987,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Entomology","volume":"150 3","pages":"333-339"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jen.70042","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147566613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variation in Cold Tolerance Among Iranian Populations of Orius albidipennis (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae)","authors":"Fatemeh Shahriari Nasab,&nbsp;Shahzad Iranipour,&nbsp;J. P. Michaud,&nbsp;Abbas Rafat","doi":"10.1111/jen.70037","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jen.70037","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Augmentation biocontrol programmes often rely on cold storage of agents to arrest development and aging and to help synchronise production with release schedules. Seven disparate geographic populations of <i>Orius albidipennis</i> Reuter (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) were assayed for lethal time (LT) at 4°C, 7°C and 10°C. Body size, storage density (1–30 per container) and gender were examined as independent factors affecting cold storage survival. Storage at 10°C did not negatively affect <i>O. albidipennis'</i> survival for up to 10 days, and survival was acceptable for up to 1 month at this temperature. A Mashhad population exhibited the highest cold tolerance, followed by those from Shahrud and Karaj, whereas populations from Gorgan and Varamin were most sensitive. Values of LT₅₀ were positively correlated with the mean number of days below freezing in the source region and negatively correlated with the mean temperature of the coldest month. Cold-tolerant bugs had higher survival at 10°C with &gt; 20 individuals per container than with &lt; 10. Females and larger individuals exhibited better cold tolerance than males and smaller individuals. These results provide useful guidelines for the selection of source material for cultures to be employed in augmentation programmes, as the breeding of large individuals collected from cold regions could help maximise bug survival when cold storage is required prior to release.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14987,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Entomology","volume":"150 3","pages":"340-350"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147567081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Neem Oil Sprays and Thiamethoxam-Metalaxyl Cutting Dips in the Management of Cassava Whitefly (Bemisia tabaci)","authors":"Khamis A. Issa,&nbsp;Everlyne N. Wosula,&nbsp;Massoud Amour,&nbsp;Mathias Ndalahwa,&nbsp;Toby Bruce,&nbsp;James P. Legg","doi":"10.1111/jen.70046","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jen.70046","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The cassava whitefly (<i>Bemisia tabaci</i>) is a threat to cassava production as a pest and a vector of viruses that cause devastating cassava mosaic (CMD) and cassava brown streak (CBSD) diseases. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of neem oil treatments and insecticides against the cassava whitefly. Field plot experiments were conducted to evaluate neem oil products in 2022/2023 and neem oil combined with cutting dipping in a ‘MandiPlus’ formulation (containing Thiamethoxam, Fludioxonil &amp; Metalaxyl-M) in 2023/2024. MandiPlus was applied once as a cutting dip at planting, while neem oil products were sprayed on a monthly basis up to 6 months after planting. The experimental design for field experiments was a randomised complete block design with four replicates. The data recorded for field experiments were on whitefly adult and nymph numbers, CMD and CBSD incidence and severity, and root yield. Neem oil treatments alone reduced whitefly adults and nymphs by 45%–70%, MandiPlus alone gave reductions of 68%–74% and MandiPlus + Neem gave a reduction of 70%. CMD (35%–54%) and CBSD (46%–100%) incidences at 6 months did not differ from control. Root yield increased by 1.8–2.0 kg/plant (78%–87%) in treatments incorporating MandiPlus, while neem oils provided a gain of 0.4–1.9 kg/plant (17%–56%). These findings confirm that the application of MandiPlus through cutting dips is effective at reducing whitefly populations and increasing yield. The application of neem oils alone conferred a significant yield gain in one season but combining with MandiPlus did not confer additive protection and yield gain. Cutting dipping in insecticides is therefore recommended for adoption as a component of integrated pest management for the control of whiteflies and the viruses that they transmit.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14987,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Entomology","volume":"150 3","pages":"424-434"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147569036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Species Richness, Population Fluctuations and Damage of Vegetable Crop-Infesting Fruit Flies in the South Sudanese Zone of Burkina Faso","authors":"Issaka Zida,&nbsp;Alizèta Sawadogo,&nbsp;Souleymane Nacro","doi":"10.1111/jen.70035","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jen.70035","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) are important insect pests which can cause huge economic losses to agricultural and horticultural crops around the world. They pose a serious threat to fresh fruit and vegetable production in sub-Saharan Africa. In Burkina Faso, little is known about the extent of damage caused by these insect pests on vegetable crops and the species responsible. A trapping system combining both sexual and food-based attractants was set up to characterize fruit fly species in market garden sites. The extent of damage and the fruit fly species involved were determined by sampling and incubating vegetable crop fruits. Eight fruit fly species were trapped in market garden sites, among which <i>Zeugodacus cucurbitae</i> (Coquillett) [Diptera: Tephritidae] was the predominant species followed by <i>Dacus vertebratus</i> Bezzi (Diptera: Tephritidae). Five vegetable crops were infested with average attack rates ranging from 2.68% ± 3.68% for eggplant to 60.38% ± 14.73% for watermelon. Five fruit fly species attacked vegetable crop fruits, of which, <i>Dacus vertebratus</i> was the most devastating followed by <i>Zeugodacus cucurbitae</i>. Results of this investigation can be used in developing a sustainable management strategy of vegetable-infesting fruit flies in South Sudanese zone of Burkina Faso.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14987,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Entomology","volume":"150 3","pages":"285-296"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147564146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined Analysis of Mitochondrial Cytochrome c Oxidase and NADH Dehydrogenase Subunit 1 Genes Reveals SNPs Associated With Major Haplotypes and Genetic Structure of Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel (Diptera: Tephritidae) in The Philippines","authors":"Cris Q. Cortaga,&nbsp;Darlon V. Lantican,&nbsp;Ronilo M. Bajaro,&nbsp;Fe M. Dela Cueva,&nbsp;Maria Luz J. Sison","doi":"10.1111/jen.70040","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jen.70040","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The oriental fruit fly, <i>Bactrocera dorsalis</i> Hendel, is a major pest affecting mango and other fruit crops worldwide. Despite extensive research, genetic analysis across different locations and host plants remains limited in the Philippines. This study assessed the genetic diversity, population structure and demographic history of Philippine <i>B. dorsalis</i> populations using mitochondrial genes <i>cox1</i>, <i>cox2</i> and <i>ND1</i>. A total of 109 fruit flies were collected from mango, guava and star fruit across multiple provinces. Analysis of <i>cox1</i> (697 bp) and <i>ND1</i> (597 bp) revealed more variation than <i>cox2</i> (556 bp), which was more conserved. Two major haplotype groups, PHF-A and PHF-B, were identified, differentiated by SNPs at specific nucleotide positions in <i>cox1</i> (603, 606, 619 and 663) and <i>ND1</i> (354). Within PHF-B, three subhaplotypes were resolved using <i>ND1</i>. The two haplotype groups were widely distributed across provinces and host plants, showing no geographic isolation or host specialisation, with PHF-A as the predominant lineage. PHF-A displayed a star-like haplotype network and significantly negative neutrality values (Tajima's <i>D</i> = −1.92 and Fu's <i>F</i>s = −10.74, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) consistent with recent expansion, while PHF-B showed a linear network reflecting incipient expansion, gradual diversification and populaton substructure. Concatenated sequences (1850 bp) revealed moderate haplotype number, low genetic diversity and expansion signals across populations. Pairwise <i>F</i>_ST values among provinces were low (0–0.022), indicating limited geographic structure, with most variation occurring within provinces (93.36% AMOVA), whereas differentiation between PHF-A and PHF-B was significant (<i>F</i>_ST = 0.108, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) with high sequence divergence (ΦST = 0.936, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Global phylogeny indicated PHF-A as a major Philippine lineage, whereas PHF-B clustered with Asian populations. To our knowledge, this is the first combined analysis of <i>cox</i> and <i>ND1</i> in the Philippines, which provides novel insights into the evolutionary history and population dynamics of <i>B. dorsalis</i> in the country and establishes a genetic baseline for future genomic, ecological and management studies that can inform biosecurity and sustainable pest management.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14987,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Entomology","volume":"150 3","pages":"407-423"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147569035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detecting a Small Hive Beetle's eDNA in Honeybee Colonies","authors":"Bram Cornelissen,&nbsp;Giovanni Formato,&nbsp;Giovanni Federico,&nbsp;Antonella Cersini,&nbsp;Marga van Gent-Pelzer,&nbsp;Marc Hendriks,&nbsp;Roberto Nardini,&nbsp;Delphine Panziera,&nbsp;Marco Pietropaoli,&nbsp;Dirk-Jan Valkenburg,&nbsp;Orlando Yañez,&nbsp;Peter Neumann","doi":"10.1111/jen.70034","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jen.70034","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Early detection is important to limit the spread of invasive species. Molecular diagnosis using eDNA can be useful in this regard, but the sensitivity is often unknown. This holds true for small hive beetles (SHB), which are parasites of honeybee (HB) colonies and continue to spread globally. Here, we show that a single SHB can be detected in a HB colony using eDNA swab sampling, thereby suggesting a considerable potential for mitigation of this invasive species. Non-infested HB colonies were experimentally inoculated with 0 (controls), 1, 10 or 100 adult SHB. Then, swab samples were taken from different positions in and outside the hive. DNA analyses showed a strong positive correlation between Ct-values and time for all infestation levels. Ct-values varied between some time points and sampling positions, but post-infestation sampling of colonies with SHBs resulted in the detection of SHB eDNA at all levels of SHB infestation and for all exposure times, except for day 1. Even 1 SHB was successfully detected at all positions from the 2nd day of exposure onwards. It appears as if swab sampling constitutes a reliable diagnostic tool to even detect the very first SHB infesting a colony. Therefore, we recommend including this method for species monitoring and mitigation of this invasive species.</p>","PeriodicalId":14987,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Entomology","volume":"150 3","pages":"277-284"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jen.70034","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147563757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating Electric Harps and Muzzles to Mitigate the Impact of Vespa velutina nigrithorax at Beehives","authors":"Núria Roura-Pascual,&nbsp;Josep M. Bas,&nbsp;Cang Hui,&nbsp;Quim Canelles,&nbsp;Jordi Artola,&nbsp;Kilian Sampol,&nbsp;Gerard Bota,&nbsp;Narcís Vicens,&nbsp;Emili Bassols,&nbsp;Cristian Pérez-Granados","doi":"10.1111/jen.70039","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jen.70039","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Asian hornet (<i>Vespa velutina nigrithorax</i>) poses a significant threat to the beekeeping industry. Using an experimental apiary of 36 hives, we simultaneously evaluated the effectiveness of two mitigation measures—muzzles and electric harps—in reducing the impact of Asian hornets on honey bee colonies. We found that the hornet abundance was significantly lower around colonies protected with electric harps compared to those protected with muzzles or left unprotected. While the accumulation of honey, pollen and brood declined over time in all colonies, the rate of decline was slower in colonies protected with electric harps. Under the high hornet pressure observed during the study, all unprotected colonies and those with muzzles collapsed by the end of the sampling period. In contrast, 25% of the colonies protected with electric harps remained active until the end of the sampling. These results suggest that the use of electric harps in apiaries had a positive effect on colony productivity and viability. However, these results are strongly influenced by the pre-existing health conditions of honey bee colonies. The development of effective mitigation measures that actively reduce the abundance of hornets in front of beehives, rather than simply preventing them from entering, and ensuring that colony health is maintained, is crucial to mitigating the impact of the Asian hornet on the beekeeping sector.</p>","PeriodicalId":14987,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Entomology","volume":"150 3","pages":"364-375"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jen.70039","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147567497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neglected Floral Visitors in the Galapagos Islands: Understanding the Structure of Ant-Flower Interaction Networks","authors":"Alejandro Mieles,&nbsp;Wesley Dáttilo,&nbsp;Anna Traveset","doi":"10.1111/jen.70026","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jen.70026","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Ant-flower interactions are prevalent in many ecosystems, yet their ecological significance remains poorly understood, particularly in isolated systems like the Galapagos Islands, where unique biotic assemblages create distinct interaction networks. To address this gap, we examined ant-flower interactions across five Galapagos Islands, focusing on the dynamics between non-native, native non-endemic and endemic plants. Through network analysis, we explored variations in the structure, strength and specificity of these interactions among islands, emphasizing differences between native and non-native species. Older islands, such as San Cristobal and Santa Cruz, exhibited higher interaction diversity and evenness, while smaller, more isolated islands like Santiago and Pinta showed more specialised and less connected networks. Non-native ants emerged as key species with the highest number of interactions, highlighting their expanding ecological role and the pressing need for conservation strategies addressing invasive species. These findings provide valuable insights into the ecological dynamics and vulnerabilities of ant-flower networks, informing biodiversity conservation efforts on oceanic islands.</p>","PeriodicalId":14987,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Entomology","volume":"150 3","pages":"321-332"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jen.70026","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147566368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discovering the Impacts of the Food Environment on Mexican Fruit Fly Larvae: Nutrient Accumulation, Gene Expression and Response to Oxidative Stress","authors":"Marysol Aceituno-Medina,&nbsp;Emilio Hernández,&nbsp;Gamaliel Mejía González,&nbsp;Luz Verónica García-Fajardo,&nbsp;Elia Diego-García","doi":"10.1111/jen.70031","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jen.70031","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Proper diet formulation is crucial for the successful mass-rearing of tephritid fly larvae to ensure that they receive adequate nutrition. Nutrient acquisition can vary significantly across different developmental stages due to adaptations to specific environments where access to nutrients is limited by diet composition. It is imperative to determine the metabolic relationship between the fat body and the hemolymph in order to understand how insects respond to changes in their food environments. The main objective of this study was to investigate how the food environment affects the metabolism of Mexican fruit fly larvae, focusing on nutrient accumulation, gene expression, and response to oxidative stress in the hemolymph and fat body. The study employed a two-way experimental design with three environments for larval development: corncob powder and coconut fibre as artificial diets and Mexican apple fruit (<i>Casimiroa edulis</i>) (Sapindales: Rutaceae) as a wild host, and two tissues (hemolymph and fat body). The results showed that hemolymph provides valuable information on oxidative stress levels, while the fat body serves as an indicator of protein and glycogen accumulation. Additionally, Lsp-2 expression was identified as a means to determine the developmental stage of fruit fly larvae. A particularly significant contribution of this study is that dietary factors and the food environment can influence the size and shape of lipid droplets, thereby affecting the structure and functionality of the fat body. This information holds practical importance as these processes can impact the overall quality and sexual competitiveness of mass-reared insects used for the SIT.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14987,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Entomology","volume":"150 3","pages":"297-309"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147565597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14987,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Entomology","volume":"150 5","pages":"682-689"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148078945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}