Journal of Applied Entomology最新文献

{"title":"Establishing Baseline Information for the Risk of Flatheaded Borer Attack in Specialty Tree Crops Using Trapping and On-Farm Surveys","authors":"Zia V. Williamson,&nbsp;Brett R. Blaauw,&nbsp;Shimat V. Joseph","doi":"10.1111/jen.70105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jen.70105","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Flatheaded borers (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) are largely xylophagous insects. Larvae of flatheaded borers tunnel into the trunks of trees, with boring and feeding damage eventually appearing on the surface as discolored bark, sunken areas, bark splits or bark sloughing. These insect pests pose a serious risk to specialty tree crops in Georgia, with economically important species such as <i>Chrysobothris femorata</i> (Olivier) damaging trees in various specialty crops. Despite this, studies on buprestids in Georgia are limited and none focus on their presence in specialty crop systems. In 2021 and 2022, a study was conducted to trap buprestids in fruit, pecan and ornamental nursery sites. A total of 79 and 119 buprestids were trapped in the 2021 and 2022 seasons, including specimens from the genera of <i>Acmaeodera</i>, <i>Agrilaxia</i>, <i>Agrilus</i>, <i>Anthaxia</i>, <i>Brachys</i>, <i>Chrysobothris</i> and <i>Ptosima</i>. Ten species of <i>Chrysobothris</i> were collected during the study. In 2023 and 2024, on-farm surveys were conducted to examine trees for signs of damage, with pecan trees showing more damage. The study indicates that flatheaded borers are widespread in Georgia specialty crops and growers should manage them where they are problematic in the early spring.</p>","PeriodicalId":14987,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Entomology","volume":"150 8","pages":"1088-1101"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jen.70105","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148647675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urban Landscape Influence Orchid Bee Diversity in a Tropical Megacity","authors":"Amanda F. P. Machado,&nbsp;Pedro H. B. Togni,&nbsp;Sofia Graffigna,&nbsp;Leandro R. Tambosi,&nbsp;Gabriel O. Keller,&nbsp;Raphael M. Ferreira,&nbsp;Isabel Alves-dos-Santos","doi":"10.1111/jen.70113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jen.70113","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The increasing urbanization has affected pollinator communities, such as Euglossini bees, which play a crucial role in maintaining biodiversity through the pollination of numerous plants. However, the impact of different levels of urbanization on the diversity of these bees is still not fully understood, especially in large tropical urban areas. This study investigated the diversity and distribution of Euglossini bees in nine urban parks, providing a first systematic baseline for the largest city in South America and analysing how urbanization influences this community. Bees were actively collected using aromatic baits in parks spanning a gradient of urbanization levels. Linear models investigated the relationships between landscape variables and bee diversity. In addition, species composition was evaluated using the Bray-Curtis coefficient and cluster analysis to identify patterns of similarity between parks. During a single sampling campaign in spring 2024, we sampled Euglossini bees in nine urban parks, recording 427 individuals belonging to 12 species. <i>Euglossa cordata</i> was the most abundant species in parks with a higher urbanization gradient, while <i>Eufriesea violacea</i> showed higher abundance in less urbanized areas. Urban cover in the surrounding landscape tended to be negatively associated with bee diversity indices (Shannon and Simpson), although these relationships were not statistically significant. Nevertheless, consistent negative trends across spatial scales suggest that urbanization may exert a subtle influence on Euglossini diversity. Some parks with medium to high urban cover still supported relatively high diversity, suggesting that urban matrices do not necessarily preclude diverse bee communities when suitable local and landscape resources are present. The results highlight the importance of connectivity with green areas and the conservation of native vegetation to preserve Euglossini bees in urban environments. The study contributes to the understanding of urbanization impacts and provides practical directions for the management of urban parks, aiming to promote biodiversity and pollination services.</p>","PeriodicalId":14987,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Entomology","volume":"150 8","pages":"1153-1163"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jen.70113","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148647715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Endophytic Fungi on Thrips tabaci Development and Population Dynamics","authors":"Ngoc Anh Vu,&nbsp;Sevgan Subramanian,&nbsp;Rainer Meyhöfer","doi":"10.1111/jen.70107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jen.70107","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Endophytic fungi are promising biocontrol agents because they colonise healthy plant tissues asymptomatically while inducing systemic resistance that negatively affects herbivorous insects. We investigated whether treatments with the endophytes <i>Trichoderma harzianum</i> and <i>Beauveria bassiana</i> in two onion cultivars (<i>Allium cepa</i> L.; Sturon and Red Baron) induce plant responses that alter <i>Thrips tabaci</i> behaviour and population development. Under controlled conditions, seeds were treated with conidial suspensions and plants subsequently received foliar applications; plants were then exposed to <i>T. tabaci</i> for 72 h, 4 weeks, or 8 weeks in no-choice assays. Both endophytes reduced thrips host-plant preference: at 72 h post-exposure, inoculated plants had 2.01–2.89-fold fewer feeding punctures and 2.78–3.93-fold fewer eggs than controls. Over longer durations, endophyte treatments also suppressed thrips population growth: after 4 and 8 weeks, significantly more thrips were collected from control plants than from endophyte-colonised plants. Thrips populations did not differ between the two onion cultivars across treatments and time points. We discuss targeted inoculation of onions with specific endophytic fungal strains as a strategy for sustainable thrips management and its prospects for field implementation.</p>","PeriodicalId":14987,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Entomology","volume":"150 8","pages":"1102-1114"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jen.70107","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148647732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Body Colour of the Cotton Aphid Aphis gossypii Glover Mediates Consumption Preference of the Lady Beetle Coccinella septempunctata L.","authors":"Yiwen Yang,&nbsp;Yang Yang,&nbsp;Sirui Liu,&nbsp;Wenbo Wang,&nbsp;Tian Xu","doi":"10.1111/jen.70111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jen.70111","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Aphids in different colours have varying attack risks by natural enemies. Distinct colour morphs, from yellow to dark green, often coexist in the colonies of the cotton aphid, <i>Aphis gossypii</i> Glover. However, it remains unclear whether their predation risks differ. Here, we first found that, on cotton leaves, an adult seven-spotted lady beetle <i>Coccinella septempunctata</i> L., consumed significantly more dark green morphs than yellow morphs, and dark green morphs had significantly higher escape rates than yellow morphs. In a glass Petri dish with a green background, the probability of dark green morphs consumed by an adult <i>C. septempunctata</i> was also significantly higher than that of yellow morphs. These results suggest a higher consumption risk for dark green morphs. Then, we investigated the cues that regulate lady beetle's prey selection. Under light conditions, adult <i>C. septempunctata</i> consumed significantly more dark green morphs, which was not observed under dark conditions, indicating that the lady beetles can use visual cues to distinguish between two morphs. Given that body colour and size are the major external differences between the two morphs, we further evaluated their roles in regulating lady beetle's prey selection by drawing dark green and yellow dots to simulate two morphs. Compared to the control area without dots, adult <i>C. septempunctata</i> spent significantly more time searching in the area with dark green or yellow dots. When dots in both colours were present, regardless of dot sizes, the lady beetles spent significantly more time searching in the area with dark green dots. However, there was no significant difference in searching time between the areas containing dots in the same colour but different diameters. These findings demonstrate that, in <i>A. gossypii</i>, dark green morphs suffer a higher predation risk from adult <i>C. septempunctata</i> than yellow morphs, mainly due to the body colour.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14987,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Entomology","volume":"150 8","pages":"1115-1125"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148647825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the Effects of Preservation Method and Storage Duration on Lysis Buffer–Based Non-Destructive DNA Metabarcoding in Insect Mock Communities","authors":"Sophie de Becquevort,&nbsp;Zoe Withey,&nbsp;Nadia Barsoum","doi":"10.1111/jen.70115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jen.70115","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Suspended traps such as Lindgren funnel traps and vane traps are increasingly used in combination with DNA metabarcoding to characterise canopy arthropod communities. Despite their wide use, it remains unclear how different preservatives and storage conditions affect DNA integrity in samples destined for molecular analysis. Ethanol, while commonly used as a preservative, poses several challenges for field deployment: it is volatile, expensive and unsuitable for passive trapping because it is known to attract some insects. Monopropylene glycol (MPG) has emerged as a practical alternative: it is non-toxic, affordable, easy to handle and transport and preserves specimen morphology for identification. However, its effect on DNA preservation, especially when diluted by rainwater in the field or during storage, remains poorly understood. This study uses insect mock communities of low (6 species) and high (12 species) diversity to test the effects of preservation method, storage duration and ethanol transfer on species detection via lysis buffer-based non-destructive DNA metabarcoding. Mock communities were processed with metabarcoding over time after being stored in undiluted MPG stored at 5°C, diluted MPG stored at 5°C and absolute ethanol stored at −18°C as the optimal reference treatment. Community composition recovered was significantly influenced by preservation method and the diversity of the mock community. On the other hand, the effects of storage time and transfer were significant only in low diversity mock communities, and detection rates varied across species. Overall, results confirmed that MPG is a suitable and effective fixative for short- to medium-term storage at 5°C, even when diluted, maintaining DNA integrity for metabarcoding applications. These findings are consistent with prior studies and provide further support for MPG as a viable alternative to ethanol in arthropod biomonitoring and research.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14987,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Entomology","volume":"150 8","pages":"1143-1152"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148647946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Chilling Damage Index to Evaluate the Overwintering Risk of Tuta absoluta in Microhabitats","authors":"Keiichiro Matsukura","doi":"10.1111/jen.70108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jen.70108","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The South American tomato pinworm, <i>Tuta absoluta</i>, is an important invasive pest of tomato from Europe to East Asia. Many mathematical models have been developed to predict its potential distribution range. However, <i>T. absoluta</i> frequently occurs in colder regions than in model predictions, probably owing to favourable microclimates. In this study, I examined the cold tolerance of <i>T. absoluta</i> physiologically and developed a novel indicator that can predict the overwintering risk of this moth at a microhabitat level. Survival rates of <i>T. absoluta</i> adults depended significantly on exposure to constant temperatures between 0°C and 10°C: &gt; 50% of adults survived 60 days at 10°C, but all adults died within 15 days at 0°C. Survival times increased significantly with 1-h daily exposure to brief high temperatures ranging from 15°C to 25°C. On the basis of the survival data, I propose a chilling damage index (<i>Cd</i>_idx) that can quantitatively evaluate the overwintering risk of adult <i>T. absoluta</i> from hourly temperatures in their overwintering habitats during winter. The <i>Cd</i>_idx explained how this moth can overwinter in greenhouses in northeastern Japan, where field survey and conventional model predictions indicate that it is unlikely to overwinter in fields. Using the <i>Cd</i>_idx to evaluate the overwintering risk of <i>T. absoluta</i> more accurately will help to establish efficient preventive measures against this invasive pest. The <i>Cd</i>_idx can also be used to evaluate the overwintering risk of invasive insects in temperate and colder regions at a microhabitat level.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14987,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Entomology","volume":"150 8","pages":"1056-1066"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148647756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pseudococcus maritimus Ehrhorn (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is an Efficient Vector of Blackberry Vein Banding-Associated Virus (BVBaV) Under Experimental Greenhouse Conditions","authors":"Nina Aboughanem-Sabanadzovic,&nbsp;Ioannis E. Tzanetakis,&nbsp;Thanuja Thekke-Veetil,&nbsp;Sead Sabanadzovic","doi":"10.1111/jen.70114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jen.70114","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Blackberry vein banding-associated virus (BVBaV) is an ampelovirus identified from a blackberry plant affected by yellow vein disease in Mississippi. In the original study, the virus genome was sequenced, a diagnostic method was developed and its distribution and population structure were assessed. In this work, conducted under greenhouse conditions, we successfully transmitted BVBaV using the American grape mealybug (<i>Pseudococcus maritimus</i> Ehrhorn) collected from daughter plants of the original virus source. Results of this work provide the first evidence of BVBaV transmission by <i>Ps. maritimus</i> under experimental conditions.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14987,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Entomology","volume":"150 8","pages":"1139-1142"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148647895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Zeolite and Kaolin in the Control of Cacopsylla pyri (L.) (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) and Compatibility With Its Natural Antagonist Anthocoris nemoralis (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae)","authors":"Laura Depalo,&nbsp;Giovanni Biscontin,&nbsp;Antonio Russo,&nbsp;Elisa Marchetti","doi":"10.1111/jen.70109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jen.70109","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The pear psyllid <i>Cacopsylla pyri</i> is a major pest of European pear orchards, responsible for significant yield losses. Its management is increasingly challenged by restrictions on synthetic active ingredients, resistance development, and the shift towards sustainable production systems. Therefore, in order to ensure the ecological and economic sustainability of pear cultivation, psyllid control requires innovative and selective approaches compatible with biological control agents, as the predator <i>Anthocoris nemoralis</i>. This study evaluated the efficacy of kaolin and zeolite, applied in both liquid and powder formulations, for the control of <i>C. pyri</i> and their compatibility towards the natural antagonist <i>A. nemoralis</i>. Laboratory assays, conducted under controlled conditions (24°C ± 2°C, 65% ± 5% RH, 16:8 L:D photoperiod), examined the effects on nymphs and eggs of the psyllid (acute mortality, ovicidal activity and oviposition deterrence) and potential side effects on the predator <i>A. nemoralis</i>, assessing acute mortality resulting from direct and indirect exposure to both particles. Results showed that powdered zeolite caused the highest mortality in nymphs, reaching approximately 48% at 10 days after treatment (DAT), compared with about 10% in the untreated control, whereas liquid zeolite exhibited the strongest ovicidal activity, with 21.2% of eggs remaining unhatched at 7 DAT, significantly higher than the control (3.8%). All treatments reduced oviposition compared to the control, indicating a deterrent effect: the mean number of eggs per plant decreased from 27.2 in the control to 3.7, 7.1 and 4.4 in ZEO-L, ZEO-P and KAO-L treatments, respectively. Regarding <i>A. nemoralis</i>, powder applications (both kaolin and zeolite) caused higher mortality, while liquid formulations proved more selective and therefore more compatible with biological control (&lt; 15% at 6 DAT). Overall, kaolin showed lower efficacy than zeolite, although still yielding meaningful results. This study demonstrates that these geomaterials, particularly liquid zeolite, have significant potential as non-toxic physical tools to be integrated into sustainable pear pest management programs. Future research should investigate the persistence and field performance of these materials under different environmental conditions and evaluate their optimal integration with other biological and integrated pest control strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":14987,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Entomology","volume":"150 8","pages":"1080-1087"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jen.70109","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148647674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Whole Genome Assembly and Annotation of Two Invasive Sitona Species","authors":"Mandira Katuwal,&nbsp;Upendra Raj Bhattarai,&nbsp;Craig B. Phillips,&nbsp;Neil J. Gemmell,&nbsp;Eddy Dowle","doi":"10.1111/jen.70100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jen.70100","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Weevils are a highly diversified taxon, comprising about 70,000 described species, including many of high economic importance. Here, we present whole genome assemblies and annotations of two <i>Sitona</i> species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae). <i>Sitona</i> species are widespread invasive forage pests that affect a wide range of legume crops, including clover (<i>Trifolium</i> spp.) and <i>Medicago</i> species. We sequenced, assembled, and annotated the genomes of <i>Sitona discoideus</i> and <i>S. obsoletus</i> using Nanopore long reads, 10X Chromium linked reads, and Illumina short reads. Assembled genomes are 1.17 and 1.2 Gb in size with 81.45% and 84.26% of repeat elements in <i>S. discoideus and S. obsoletus</i>, respectively. Both genomes have over 94% of the conserved BUSCO genes. Using the MAKER2 pipeline, we predicted 10,008 protein-coding genes and 13,611 mRNAs for <i>S. discoideus</i> and 9777 protein-coding genes and 13,521 mRNAs for <i>S. obsoletus.</i> These genomic resources will facilitate a wide range of genetic, genomic, and phylogenetic studies on invasive weevils, as well as other weevil species in the subfamily Entiminae.</p>","PeriodicalId":14987,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Entomology","volume":"150 8","pages":"1025-1034"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jen.70100","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148647871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infestation of Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda): Insights From Season, Crop Phenology and Growing Degree Days","authors":"Waseem Akbar,&nbsp;Sumaira Yousaf,&nbsp;Sajjad Ali,&nbsp;Nazia Suleman","doi":"10.1111/jen.70106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jen.70106","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study revealed that among climatic factors, rainfall, temperature, and relative humidity significantly affected the seasonal population of fall armyworm (FAW). The drier weather favoured its movement and spread whereas rainy weather with higher humidity reduced adults' foraging and larval activity. The seasonal fluctuations of population showed peaks during specific time periods corresponding to specific crop stage of maize. The damage scores, alone, were insufficient indicators for assessing maize yield losses by FAW, as plant damage and FAW infestation varied across the growth stages of maize. Moreover, variable cropping seasons and weather conditions (rainy or dry) across ecological zones significantly influenced the developmental duration of both maize and FAW. Accumulated growing degree days (GDDs) in combination with crop phenological stages proved to be effective tools for predicting FAW occurrence, infestation severity, and optimal timing for management interventions. Although temperature showed a strong association with GDDs accumulation of both maize crop and FAW, deviations from optimal thermal conditions resulted in non-linear responses in crop development and FAW activity. Hence, suggesting a regular monitoring of crop regarding FAW incidence in relation to GDDs and crop phenology. Overall, these findings highlighted that the vegetative phase of maize, especially at 4–6 leaf stages, were found very critical for FAW damage, underscoring the utmost important time window to manage FAW effectively. Moreover, integrated consideration of climatic factors, crop phenology, and thermal requirements (GDDs) is essential for effective and predictive management of fall armyworm in maize cropping systems.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14987,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Entomology","volume":"150 8","pages":"1067-1079"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148647790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}