Journal of Anatomy最新文献

{"title":"Computational simulation of cranial soft tissue expansion on the cranium during early postnatal growth in humans.","authors":"Amy Manson, Nathan Jeffery","doi":"10.1111/joa.14211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/joa.14211","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The importance of interactions between neighbouring rapidly growing tissues of the head during development is recognised, yet this competition for space remains incompletely understood. The developing structures likely interact through a variety of mechanisms, including directly genetically programmed growth, and are mediated via physiological signalling that can be triggered by structural interactions. In this study, we aimed to investigate a different but related potential mechanism, that of simple mechanical plastic deformation of neighbouring structures of the head in response to soft tissue expansion during human postnatal ontogeny. We use computational modelling and normative real-world data to evaluate the potential for mechanical deformation to predict early postnatal cranial shape changes in humans. We test some aspects of the spatial packing hypothesis applied to the growing brain and masticatory muscles, and their effects on the cranium, with a particular focus on the basicranium and face. A simple finite element model of an early postnatal human cranium, brain and masticatory muscles was created from CT and MRI. Growth of the brain and muscles was simulated using a tissue expansion material. The effect of the expanding soft tissues on the cranium was assessed using geometric morphometrics, comparing the baseline model to simulation results, and also to normative cranial shape data collected from neonatal MRI (0-4 months of age). Findings revealed that cranial shape changes present in the normative sample were consistent with cranial base flexion and were largely allometric (size-linked). Simulation of brain expansion produced broadly similar shape changes of the basicranium with most growth occurring in the cranial vault, while masticatory muscle expansion produced smaller and more widespread changes throughout the cranium. When simulated together, expansion of the masticatory muscles exerted a constraining effect on the results of brain expansion. Our findings that the simple growth simulations were able to mimic biological growth suggest that the relationship between regions of the developing head may be partly structural within the first few months of postnatal ontogeny in humans.</p>","PeriodicalId":14971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143032242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Some comments on the paper is human height based on a Lucas sequence relationship between the foot height, tibial length, femur length and upper body length? And an alternative analysis","authors":"Alessandro Maria Selvitella,&nbsp;Kathleen Lois Foster","doi":"10.1111/joa.14204","DOIUrl":"10.1111/joa.14204","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We have read with great interest the paper published by the <i>Journal of Anatomy</i> [<b>244</b>(5), 2024, 861-872] on <i>Is human height based on a Lucas sequence relationship between the foot height, tibial length, femur length and upper body length?</i> by Paley et al. The authors show that foot height, tibial length, femur length and upper body length follow a generalized Lucas sequence. Our letter demonstrates that their result is indeed stronger, as their data follow the original, homogeneous Lucas sequence.\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":14971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy","volume":"246 4","pages":"631-632"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143023573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Life history data derived from the dental histological analysis of Giraffa camelopardalis: Implications for the palaeohistology of extinct giraffids.","authors":"Carmen Nacarino-Meneses, Juan Marcos Jannello, Anusuya Chinsamy","doi":"10.1111/joa.14191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/joa.14191","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The analysis of incremental marks in the enamel, dentine and cementum of extant and extinct species provides important information about the rate and pattern of tooth growth, which permits inferences about key life history traits. Traditionally, such research has mainly focused on primates, while other mammalian groups have remained relatively unexplored. In some cases, this has led to the misidentification of incremental markings and the miscalculation of dental growth parameters in non-primate taxa, which has highlighted the importance of obtaining more reliable comparative frameworks. Here, we partially fill this gap by providing a detailed analysis of the dental microstructure in the extant giraffe Giraffa camelopardalis. We specifically studied the histology of the different cusps (i.e. protoconid, metaconid, hypoconid, entoconid and hypoconulid) of two first lower molars and two third lower molars with different degree of wear to identify the different incremental markings and to calculate dental growth parameters such as daily secretion rate and enamel formation front angle for each cusp and tooth. Our results show that incremental markings in enamel were more apparent as compared to those in dentine and/or cementum and have permitted a deeper analysis of the former tissue. Enamel laminations, which had a daily periodicity, were the most common incremental lines in all teeth. Supradaily Retzius lines and subdaily cross-striations and laminations were also recognised in dental enamel, revealing multiple secretory pulses of the ameloblasts in the giraffe. Generally, values of enamel growth parameters (i.e. daily secretion rate and enamel formation front angle) obtained for the first lower molar were comparable to those reported for closely related taxa, while those calculated for the third lower molar present a higher degree of variation that may be linked to differences in general somatic rates of growth. Nevertheless, enamel growth parameters were highly variable within each tooth, suggesting caution when making general (palaeo)biological inferences from dental histology. The giraffe dentine and cementum also register incremental lines. In the dentine, most of these features were classified as daily von Ebner's lines and their counting and measurement revealed values of secretion rates that agree with those previously reported in other artiodactyls. The age calculated from the incremental lines in the dental cementum matches that deduced from dental wear, suggesting that the counting of yearly lines in this tissue is a reliable tool to estimate individual age in giraffids. This study further suggests ways to refine future analyses of dentine and cementum and sets the stage for dental palaeohistology of extinct giraffids and closely related ungulates for which life history information is still unknown.</p>","PeriodicalId":14971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143023572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The qualitative analysis of trabecular architecture of the proximal femur based on the P45 sectional plastination technique.","authors":"Jian-Fei Zhang, Shu-Jun Lü, Jia-Wei Wang, Wei Tang, Chan Li, Gilmore Campbell, Hong-Jin Sui, Sheng-Bo Yu, De-Wei Zhao","doi":"10.1111/joa.14210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/joa.14210","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The primary weight-bearing structure of the proximal femur, trabecular bone, has a complex three-dimensional architecture that was previously difficult to comprehensively display. This study examined the spatial architecture of trabecular struts in the coronal, sagittal, and horizontal sections of the proximal femur using 21 cases prepared with P45 sectional plasticization. The primary compressive strut (PCS) exhibited a \"mushroom-like\" shape with upper and lower parts. The lower part extended from the medial inferior cortical bone of the femoral neck to the central region of the femoral head, while the upper part radiated from the epiphyseal line to the subchondral cortical bone of the femoral head. The secondary compressive strut (SCS), originated below the distal end of the PCS, ran diagonally upward, and intersected with the secondary tensile strut (STS) within the greater trochanter. The primary tensile strut (PTS) comprised anterior (aPTS) and posterior (pPTS) components originating from the anterior- and posterior-superior cortical bone of the femoral neck. These converged, entered the femoral head, intersected with the PCS beneath the epiphyseal line, forming a dense trabecular center, and terminated at the subchondral cortical bone below the fovea of the femoral head. The secondary tensile strut (STS) originated from the cortical bone around the lower edge of the greater trochanter, converging upwards and medially to terminate at the superior cortical bone of the femoral neck. The trabecular system of the proximal femur consists of two subsystems: one between the femoral head and neck, and another between the femoral neck and shaft. The head-neck system comprises intersecting PCS, aPTS, and pPTS, facilitating stress transmission. The neck-shaft system features intersecting STS and SCS, enabling stress transmission between these regions. These independent systems are separated by Ward's triangle. The findings of this study offer anatomical guidance for the improvement of internal fixation methods, orthopedic implants, and the design of surgical robots.</p>","PeriodicalId":14971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143032353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Life history and growth dynamics of a peirosaurid crocodylomorph (Mesoeucrocodylia; Notosuchia) from the Late Cretaceous of Argentina inferred from its bone histology.","authors":"Tamara G Navarro, Ignacio A Cerda, Leonardo S Filippi, Diego Pol","doi":"10.1111/joa.14182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/joa.14182","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Notosuchia were a successful lineage of Crocodyliformes that achieved a remarkable diversity during the Cretaceous of Gondwana, particularly in South America. Although paleohistology has expanded our knowledge of the paleobiology of notosuchians, several clades of this lineage remain poorly understood in this aspect. Here we help to address this gap by conducting the first histological analysis of appendicular bones of a peirosaurid. To increase our knowledge about growth dynamics and examine intraeskeletal and interspecific histological variation, we analyze the microstructure of a tibia, fibula, phalanx, fragment of ornamented element (possible osteoderm or skull bone) and a possible long bone of an individual assigned to Peirosauridae indet. (MAU-Pv-437). The peirosaurid studied here appears to have reached sexual but not somatic maturity and the minimum age inferred from appendicular bones results in a lower estimated than the age inferred from osteoderms in a previous study on the same individual. The cortical bone in MAU-Pv 437 is formed by vascularized parallel fibered bone/lamellar bone which indicates that this individual experienced a moderate growth rate. This indicates different growth dynamics from what has been observed for other notosuchians specimens, suggesting a lack of a uniform growth pattern for this clade.</p>","PeriodicalId":14971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143023571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First insights into the life history of the early Miocene deer Procervulus ginsburgi from Spain.","authors":"Andrea Cuccu, Teresa Calderón, Beatriz Azanza, Daniel DeMiguel","doi":"10.1111/joa.14220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/joa.14220","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The small-sized cervid Procervulus is considered as the most basal member of the Cervidae and one of the earliest ruminants bearing antler-like appendages. The Iberian Miocene record of this stem-cervid is extensively documented and largely overlaps with the Miocene Climatic Optimum (MCO), a transient period of global warming of particular interest when comparing present and near future conditions. Despite receiving a substantial amount of attention, histological studies on Procervulus are very scarce and only limited to postcranial remains of Procervulus praelucidus from Germany (MN3). Here we focus for the first time on the dental histology of Procervulus ginsburgi from the Early Miocene Iberian site of Artesilla (MN4, 16.49 Ma), and examine its daily enamel secretion rate (DSR), enamel extension rate (EER) and crown formation time (CFT). Results reveal a brief CTF and high DSR and EER for P. ginsburgi and suggest a fast development at least early in its ontogeny. In addition, the pronounced growth rate of P. ginsburgi emerges as higher than that of the roe deer C. capreolus-documented as an r-strategist and here examined as a possible extant analog. Overall, our findings point toward a fast life history strategy for P. ginsburgi, which unexpectedly contrasts with that of the 2 million-year-older P. praelucidus from Wintershof-West, with a marked slower growth and maturation. When these results are analyzed together with other evidence, the somewhat drier and more open conditions of Artesilla as a result of the effects of the MCO seem to be the explanation for the different life history and ecology between these Procervulus species. More generally, this study illustrates that life histories within a single genus evolve in response not only to internal constraints but also to the environments, as predicted by the Life History Theory.</p>","PeriodicalId":14971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143032260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relationship between primate distal fibula trabecular architecture and arboreality, phylogeny and size.","authors":"Fabio Alfieri, Alessio Veneziano, Daniele Panetta, Piero A Salvadori, Eli Amson, Damiano Marchi","doi":"10.1111/joa.14195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/joa.14195","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The fibula, despite being traditionally overlooked compared to the femur and the tibia, has recently received attention in primate functional morphology due to its correlation with the degree of arboreality (DOA). Highlighting further fibular features that are associated with arboreal habits would be key to improving palaeobiological inferences in fossil specimens. Here we present the first investigation on the trabecular bone structure of the primate fibula, focusing on the distal epiphysis, across a vast array of species. We collected μCT data on the distal fibula for 21 species of primates, with representatives from most of the orders, and we employed a recently developed approach implemented in the R package 'indianaBones' to isolate the entire trabecular bone underlying an epiphysis or articular facet. After extracting both traditional trabecular parameters and novel topological indices, we tested for the posited relationship between trabecular bone and DOA. To disentangle this effect from others related to body size and phylogenetic relationship, we included a body mass proxy as covariate and employed phylogenetic comparative methods. We ran univariate/multivariate and exploratory/inferential statistical analyses. The trabecular structure of the fibular distal epiphysis in primates does not appear to be associated with the DOA. Instead, it is strongly affected by body mass and phylogenetic relationships. Although we identified some minor trends related to human bipedalism, our findings overall discourage, at this stage, the study of distal fibula trabecular bone to infer arboreal behaviors in extinct primates. We further found that body size distribution is strongly related to phylogeny, an issue preventing us from unravelling the influence of the two factors and that we believe can potentially affect future comparative analyses of primates. Overall, our results add to previous evidence of how trabecular traits show variable correlation with locomotor aspects, size and phylogenetic history across the primate skeleton, thus outlining a complex scenario in which a network of interconnected factors affects the morphological evolution of primates. This work may represent a starting point for future studies, for example, focusing on the effect of human bipedalism on distal fibula trabecular bone, or aiming to better understand the effects of body size and phylogenetic history on primate morphological evolution.</p>","PeriodicalId":14971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143005923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occipital bone modeling patterns during the first years of life: A preliminary histological and quantitative approach.","authors":"Cristina Lozano-Bendicho, Ángeles Sánchez-Andrés, Ignacio Martínez, Mercedes Conde-Valverde, José-Miguel Carretero, Laura Rodríguez, Nico Cirotto, Rebeca García-González","doi":"10.1111/joa.14206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/joa.14206","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Studies of modeling processes have provided important insights in human evolutionary discipline. Most of these studies are based on facial bones and in much lesser extent on other bones such as those from the cranial vault. Thus, this study fills a gap in research by examining occipital bone modeling in subadults, adding individuals under 2 years old and expanding the sample size available to date. The sample comprise 14 subadults occipitals (4 months to 5 years) from archeological sites spanning the thirteenth to the eighteenth century. Resin replicas coated with gold were elaborated to examine the modeling patterns using scanning electron microscopy and the results of this analysis are illustrated in the modeling maps. The percentages of deposition and resorption were calculated to enable the comparison of the modeling patterns between individuals. The analysis unveiled a pattern of resorption predominance in younger individuals, shifting to deposition around 3 years old before reverting to resorption in older individuals. Symmetry in modeling processes between left and right halves of the occipital was observed, suggesting stability in bone modeling. Comparisons with previous studies showed variations in modeling patterns influenced by factors like age. Overall, this study sheds light on occipital bone modeling processes, highlighting the importance of sample size and quantitative analysis in the interpretation of modeling maps. Further research is justified to comprehensively explore occipital modeling patterns, particularly during the early stages of development.</p>","PeriodicalId":14971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143005912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long legs and small joints: The locomotor capabilities of Homo naledi.","authors":"Tara J Chapman, Christopher Walker, Steven E Churchill, Damiano Marchi, Evie E Vereecke, Jeremy M DeSilva, Bernhard Zipfel, John Hawks, Serge Van Sint Jan, Lee R Berger, Zachary Throckmorton","doi":"10.1111/joa.14208","DOIUrl":"10.1111/joa.14208","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>24 January 2025: This paper was inadvertently published prematurely before all proof corrections had been finalized. It has been temporarily unpublished while this is rectified.</p>","PeriodicalId":14971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143005797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Muscular anatomy of the forelimb of Leopardus geoffroyi: Functional and phylogenetic aspects in Feliformia, part I. Proximal forelimb.","authors":"Sergio A Cardozo, Miriam M Morales, Marcos D Ercoli, Luis I Aguado, Agustina M Ortiz Tejerina","doi":"10.1111/joa.14216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/joa.14216","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anatomical knowledge is fundamental for all species. In particular, myology allows a deeper understanding of ecomorphology-especially for those species hard to observe in the wild-and may be an important source for phylogenetic information. In this study, we analyzed the myological variation of the musculature of the shoulder and arm of the forelimb in species of the suborder Feliformia and its relationship with the phylogenetic history and the locomotor behavior, habitat, and predatory habits of the species within this group, using Leopardus geoffroyi as a case study. We used gross-anatomy dissections of the shoulder and arm of three specimens of L. geoffroyi and contrasted these results to other previously described feliform species. Additionally, we optimized 15 myological characters to search for phylogenetic patterns. We present the first description and the first complete muscular maps of the forelimb shoulder and upper arm of L. geoffroyi. A small number of muscular characteristics allow L. geoffroyi to be distinguished from other feliforms, such as a possible partial division of m. biceps brachii, although they did not relate to any analyzed ecological habit. Some myological characteristics studied in this work contribute to the knowledge of the phylogenetic relationships and the morphological evolution of Feliformia. Felids are the only feliforms with a constantly present m. pectoantebrachialis (although it has been reported in some caniforms). Muscle rhomboideus capitis is present only in Felidae and Herpestidae, resembling various caniforms. Its presence could indicate a retention linked to their carnivoran ancestry. The Felidae and Hyaenidae represent two quite conservative morphotypes, as they present particular muscular configurations compared to other feliform families, but also, relatively little variation within each family. Functionally, some myological characters recorded in hyenids, L. lynx, P. uncia, A. jubatus (e.g., radio-ulnar insertion of m. biceps brachii), distinguish them from the rest of the species of the same suborder or family, and are convergent with other carnivorans with cursorial habits (e.g., canids). The functional and evolutionary analysis of the myology of the forelimb of L. geoffroyi and the different species of the suborder Feliformia allowed a better understanding of how muscle configurations reflect functional specialization to different ways of life. The muscle maps presented here, being the first available for a small Neotropical felid, can be considered a valuable source of information, useful for future studies of comparative anatomy in neontological and paleobiological contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":14971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143005906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}