Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy最新文献

{"title":"Increased mortality in hospital- compared to community-onset carbapenem-resistant enterobacterales infections.","authors":"Angelique E Boutzoukas, Natalie Mackow, Abhigya Giri, Lauren Komarow, Carol Hill, Liang Chen, Yohei Doi, Michael J Satlin, Cesar Arias, Minggui Wang, Laura Mora Moreo, Erica Herc, Eric Cober, Gregory Weston, Robin Patel, Robert A Bonomo, Vance Fowler, David van Duin","doi":"10.1093/jac/dkae306","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jac/dkae306","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The CDC reported a 35% increase in hospital-onset (HO) carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) infections during the COVID-19 pandemic. We evaluated patient outcomes following HO and community-onset (CO) CRE bloodstream infections (BSI).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients prospectively enrolled in CRACKLE-2 from 56 hospitals in 10 countries between 30 April 2016 and 30 November 2019 with a CRE BSI were eligible. Infections were defined as CO or HO by CDC guidelines, and clinical characteristics and outcomes were compared. The primary outcome was desirability of outcome ranking (DOOR) 30 days after index culture. Difference in 30-day mortality was calculated with 95% CI.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 891 patients with CRE BSI, 65% were HO (582/891). Compared to those with CO CRE, patients with HO CRE were younger [median 60 (Q1 42, Q3 70) years versus 65 (52, 74); P < 0.001], had fewer comorbidities [median Charlson comorbidity index 2 (1, 4) versus 3 (1, 5); P = 0.002] and were more acutely ill (Pitt bacteraemia score ≥4: 47% versus 32%; P < 0.001). The probability of a better DOOR outcome in a randomly selected patient with CO BSI compared to a patient with HO BSI was 60.6% (95% CI: 56.8%-64.3%). Mortality at 30-days was 12% higher in HO BSI (192/582; 33%) than CO BSI [66/309 (21%); P < 0.001].</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We found a disproportionately greater impact on patient outcomes with HO compared to CO CRE BSIs; thus, the recently reported increases in HO CRE infections by CDC requires rigorous surveillance and infection prevention methods to prevent added mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":14969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"2916-2922"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11531819/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142140071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A retrospective propensity-score-matched cohort study of the impact of procalcitonin testing on antibiotic use in hospitalized patients during the first wave of COVID-19.","authors":"Jonathan A T Sandoe, Detelina Grozeva, Mahableshwar Albur, Stuart E Bond, Lucy Brookes-Howell, Paul Dark, Joanne Euden, Ryan Hamilton, Thomas P Hellyer, Josie Henley, Susan Hopkins, Philip Howard, Daniel Howdon, Chikezie Knox-Macaulay, Martin J Llewelyn, Wakunyambo Maboshe, Iain J McCullagh, Margaret Ogden, Helena K Parsons, David G Partridge, Neil Powell, Graham Prestwich, Dominick Shaw, Bethany Shinkins, Tamas Szakmany, Emma Thomas-Jones, Stacy Todd, Robert M West, Enitan D Carrol, Philip Pallmann","doi":"10.1093/jac/dkae246","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jac/dkae246","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Procalcitonin (PCT) is a blood marker used to help diagnose bacterial infections and guide antibiotic treatment. PCT testing was widely used/adopted during the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Primary: to measure the difference in length of early (during first 7 days) antibiotic prescribing between patients with COVID-19 who did/did not have baseline PCT testing during the first wave of the pandemic. Secondary: to measure differences in length of hospital/ICU stay, mortality, total days of antibiotic prescribing and resistant bacterial infections between these groups.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Multi-centre, retrospective, observational, cohort study using patient-level clinical data from acute hospital Trusts/Health Boards in England/Wales. Inclusion: patients ≥16 years, admitted to participating Trusts/Health Boards and with a confirmed positive COVID-19 test between 1 February 2020 and 30 June 2020.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data from 5960 patients were analysed: 1548 (26.0%) had a baseline PCT test and 4412 (74.0%) did not. Using propensity-score matching, baseline PCT testing was associated with an average reduction in early antibiotic prescribing of 0.43 days [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.22-0.64 days, P < 0.001) and of 0.72 days (95% CI: 0.06-1.38 days, P = 0.03] in total antibiotic prescribing. Baseline PCT testing was not associated with increased mortality or hospital/ICU length of stay or with the rate of antimicrobial-resistant secondary bacterial infections.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Baseline PCT testing appears to have been an effective antimicrobial stewardship tool early in the pandemic: it reduced antibiotic prescribing without evidence of harm. Our study highlights the need for embedded, rapid evaluations of infection diagnostics in the National Health Service so that even in challenging circumstances, introduction into clinical practice is supported by evidence for clinical utility.</p><p><strong>Study registration number: </strong>ISRCTN66682918.</p>","PeriodicalId":14969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"2792-2800"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11531821/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142154057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential community acquisition of NMC-A-producing Enterobacter ludwigii, an underestimated environmental threat?","authors":"Guilhem Conquet, Lokman Galal, Nicolas Martel, Chrislène Laurens, Christian Carrière, Sylvain Godreuil, Chloé Dupont","doi":"10.1093/jac/dkae284","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jac/dkae284","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"3041-3043"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141916743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of a bundle intervention on adherence to quality-of-care indicators and on clinical outcomes in patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia hospitalized in non-referral community hospitals.","authors":"Francesc Escrihuela-Vidal, Cristina Chico, Beatriz Borjabad González, Daniel Vázquez Sánchez, Ana Lérida, Elisa De Blas Escudero, Montserrat Sanmartí, Laura Linares González, Antonella F Simonetti, Ana Coloma Conde, Magdalena Muelas-Fernandez, Vicens Diaz-Brito, Sara Gertrudis Horna Quintana, Isabel Oriol, Damaris Berbel, Jordi Càmara, Sara Grillo, Miquel Pujol, Guillermo Cuervo, Jordi Carratalà","doi":"10.1093/jac/dkae298","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jac/dkae298","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although a significant number of cases of Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia (SAB) are managed at non-referral community hospitals, the impact of a bundle-of-care intervention in this setting has not yet been explored.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a quasi-experimental before-after study with the implementation of a bundle of care for the management of SAB at five non-referral community hospitals and a tertiary care university hospital. Structured recommendations for the five indicators selected to assess quality of care were provided to investigators before the implementation of the bundle and monthly thereafter. Primary endpoints were adherence to the bundle intervention and treatment failure, defined as death or relapse at 90 days of follow-up.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One hundred and seventy patients were included in the pre-intervention period and 103 in the intervention period. Patient characteristics were similar in both periods. Multivariate analysis controlling for potential confounders showed that performance of echocardiography was the only factor associated with improved adherence to the bundle in the intervention period (adjusted OR 2.13; 95% CI 1.13-4.02). Adherence to the bundle, performance of follow-up blood cultures, and adequate duration of antibiotic therapy for complicated SAB presented non-significant improvements. The intervention was not associated with a lower rate of 90 day treatment failure (OR 1.11; 95% CI 0.70-1.77).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A bundle-of-care intervention for the management of SAB at non-referral community hospitals increased adherence to quality indicators, but did not significantly reduce rates of 90 day mortality or relapse.</p>","PeriodicalId":14969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"2858-2866"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142107651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic effects of quorum-sensing molecules and antimicrobials against Candida albicans and Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms: in vitro and in vivo studies.","authors":"Mayram Hacioglu, Fatima Nur Yilmaz, Hande Ipek Yetke, Ebru Haciosmanoglu-Aldogan","doi":"10.1093/jac/dkae293","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jac/dkae293","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Candida albicans can form polymicrobial biofilms with other microorganisms, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, at infection sites.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>As biofilms are highly resistant to antibiotics there is a need for new antibiofilm agents that have unique targets and modes of action.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study the antibiofilm effects of two quorum-sensing molecules (QSMs), farnesol and tyrosol, were investigated alone and in combination with antibiotics (aztreonam, colistin, tobramycin) and antifungals (fluconazole, amphotericin B, caspofungin), against single- and dual-species biofilms of C. albicans and P. aeruginosa in in vitro and in vivo systems.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>It was observed that QSMs alone, especially farnesol, showed at least a 1-log reduction against preformed single- and dual-species biofilms of C. albicans and P. aeruginosa. Combination of QSMs with colistin or fluconazole was found to be effective against both single- and dual-species biofilms in vitro. Increased survival was observed in C. elegans when treated with colistin or fluconazole in combination with QSMs, compared with no treatment. Additionally, the QSMs and colistin and farnesol combinations effectively inhibited biofilm formation by C. albicans and P. aeruginosa on bronchial epithelial cells, and reduced IL-1β expression in lung bronchial epithelial cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There is a need for effective treatments for bacterial-fungal biofilm infections and, to our knowledge, there have been no studies of QSMs and antimicrobial combinations against dual-species biofilms involving C. albicans and P. aeruginosa. Hence these findings will make a significant contribution to the literature.</p>","PeriodicalId":14969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"2828-2836"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142107665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probing fosfomycin's potential: a study on susceptibility testing and resistance in Staphylococcus epidermidis from prosthetic joint infections.","authors":"Rebecka Widerström, Mia Aarris, Susanne Jacobsson, Marc Stegger, Bo Söderquist, Emeli Månsson","doi":"10.1093/jac/dkae312","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jac/dkae312","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There are limited treatment options for prosthetic joint infections (PJI) due to multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MDRSE). Fosfomycin (FOF) has gained attention as a potential therapy, but there is a paucity of information on the phenotypic and genotypic susceptibility amongst S. epidermidis, including MDRSE.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To investigate phenotypical and genotypical susceptibility to FOF in S. epidermidis isolates prospectively collected from PJIs in Sweden.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>MIC determination was performed using in-house agar dilution (AD) and a commercial AD panel. Genes and gene variants associated with FOF resistance were analysed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Multidrug resistance was common [74/89 (83%) isolates were MDRSE].FOF inhibited all isolates except one, which had an MIC > 256 mg/L. The commercial AD panel demonstrated good overall performance but tended to overestimate the MIC, resulting in 84% essential agreement with the gold standard. Genomic analysis with publically available tools for whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data suggested genotypic FOF resistance in all isolates, but in-depth analysis revealed that fosB, associated with FOF resistance, was only present in the phenotypically resistant isolate. No other genes or gene variants associated with FOF resistance were detected.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Phenotypic resistance to FOF and presence of fosB were rare in this collection, indicating FOF's potential as a treatment option for S. epidermidis. The commercial AD panel demonstrated high reproducibility, but EA with the reference method was less than optimal. Findings of genotypic FOF resistance using common tools for WGS data should be critically evaluated and appropriately verified with relevant fosB references for S. epidermidis.</p>","PeriodicalId":14969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"2948-2953"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142140072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishment of a diverse pheno-genotypic challenge set of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa suitable for use in the murine pneumonia model.","authors":"Andrew J Fratoni, Alissa M Padgett, Erin M Duffy, David P Nicolau","doi":"10.1093/jac/dkae388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkae388","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Preclinical murine infection models lack inter-laboratory uniformity, complicating result comparisons and data reproducibility. The European Innovative Medicines initiative-funded consortium (COMBINE) has developed a standardized murine neutropenic pneumonia protocol to address these concerns. While model methods have been standardized, a major obstacle to consistent results is the lack of available bacteria with defined viability and variability. Herein, we establish a diverse challenge set of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa suitable for use in the COMBINE protocol to further minimize experimental inconsistency and improve the interpretability of data generated among differing laboratories.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Sixty-six K. pneumoniae and 65 P. aeruginosa were phenotypically profiled against tigecycline (K. pneumoniae only), levofloxacin, meropenem, cefiderocol and tobramycin. Fifty-nine isolates were introduced into the COMBINE model to assess the sufficiency of the starting bacterial inoculation, resultant baseline bacterial burden, achievement of ≥1 log10cfu/lung growth at 24 h, time to and percentage mortality. Forty-five isolates displaying desirable minimum inhibitory concentration profiles were subjected to replicate in vivo testing to assess target parameters.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>83% of K. pneumoniae reached the prerequisite growth at 24 h using a starting bacterial burden ≥7 log10cfu/lung. P. aeruginosa isolates grew well in the model: 90% achieved the growth target with a starting bacterial burden of 6 log10cfu/lung. Mortality was negligible for K. pneumoniae but high for P. aeruginosa. Poor or inconsistent achievement of the 24 h growth target was seen in 11/59 isolates.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>With this diverse cache of viable isolates established in the COMBINE pneumonia model, future translational studies can be undertaken to set efficacy benchmarks among laboratories.</p>","PeriodicalId":14969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142545595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crushed posaconazole delayed-release tablets for antifungal prophylaxis and treatment in children.","authors":"Heather Weerdenburg, Amanda Gwee, Gabrielle M Haeusler, Joshua Osowicki, Alison Boast","doi":"10.1093/jac/dkae373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkae373","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is recommended for posaconazole to achieve target concentrations of ≥0.7 mg/L and ≥1.0 mg/L for prophylaxis and treatment of invasive fungal infection (IFI), respectively. However, target attainment is challenging with the oral suspension, particularly in children. Here, we describe our experience using crushed delayed-release tablet (DRT) in a paediatric cohort, with a focus on TDM.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We undertook a retrospective audit of crushed posaconazole DRT administration via enteral feeding tubes (EFTs) for patients aged ≤18 years over 18 months at The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne who had at least one trough concentration measured at steady state. Details of patient demographics, posaconazole dosing, monitoring and adverse effects were recorded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twelve patients with a median age of 9 years (range 2 to 14) received posaconazole DRT via EFT for prophylaxis (n = 8) or treatment (n = 4). All children achieved target concentration, with a median dose of 7 mg/kg/day (range 5 to 11) for prophylaxis and 13 mg/kg/day (range 9 to 20) for treatment. The median time to reach therapeutic levels was 7 days (range 5 to 14) for prophylaxis and 20 days (range 15 to 35) for treatment. One child had blockage of their EFT, which was attributed to posaconazole. No other adverse effects were observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Crushed posaconazole DRT administered via EFT may be used as a method of attaining therapeutic posaconazole concentrations in children for antifungal prophylaxis and treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":14969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142545594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing the long-term effectiveness and safety of dolutegravir/lamivudine versus bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide fumarate as first-line regimens: a real life multicentre cohort.","authors":"Arturo Ciccullo, Gianmaria Baldin, Adriana Cervo, Davide Moschese, Filippo Lagi, Maria Vittoria Cossu, Alessandro Grimaldi, Andrea Giacomelli, Stefano Rusconi, Gaetana Sterrantino, Alberto Borghetti, Spinello Antinori, Cristina Mussini, Simona Di Giambenedetto","doi":"10.1093/jac/dkae392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkae392","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We compared the effectiveness and safety of bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide fumarate (BIC/FTC/TAF) and dolutegravir plus lamivudine (DTG + 3TC) in our cohort of treatment-naive people with HIV (PWH).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a multicentre cohort of treatment-naive PWH starting a first-line regimen with either dolutegravir plus lamivudine or BIC/FTC/TAF, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to estimate time to virological failure (VF) and time to treatment discontinuation (TD), whereas Cox regression was used to evaluate predictors of VF and TD. Changes in CD4+ cell count were assessed via non-parametric tests, and linear regression analyses were performed to explore predictors of CD4+ cell count changes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One hundred and seventy individuals were included: 66 started dolutegravir plus lamivudine (DTG group) and 104 started BIC/FTC/TAF (BIC group). During follow-up, we observed two VFs in the DTG group [1.7 per 100 person-years of follow-up (PYFU)] and two in the BIC group (1.7 per 100 PYFU). Estimated probability of remaining free from VF at Week 144 was 95.9% in the DTG group and 95.2% in the BIC group (log-rank P = 0.955). Four TDs were observed in the DTG group (3.4 per 100 PYFU) and 21 in the BIC group (17.6 per 100 PYFU). Estimated probability of maintaining the study regimen at Week 144 was 90.3% in the DTG group and 70.0% in the BIC group; individuals in the BIC group had a higher probability of TD (log-rank P = 0.003). In both groups, the CD4+ count improved significantly during follow-up.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study shows that both strategies are effective and safe, with few VFs and TDs due to tolerability issues.</p>","PeriodicalId":14969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142545593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical outcomes and the impact of treatment modalities in children with carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae bloodstream infections: a retrospective cohort study from a tertiary university hospital.","authors":"Gulhadiye Avcu, Ece Erci, Nimet Melis Bilen, Irem Ersayoglu, Gulcihan Ozek, Ulgen Celtik, Demet Terek, Feriha Cilli, Zumrut Sahbudak Bal","doi":"10.1093/jac/dkae387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkae387","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The increasing prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) infections among children represents a significant global concern, leading to elevated mortality rates. The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk factors, outcomes, 30-day mortality rates and contributing factors in children with CRE bloodstream infections (CRE-BSIs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data regarding demographic characteristics, treatment approaches and outcomes of hospitalized children aged 0-18 years diagnosed with CRE-BSIs between January 2018 and December 2022 were extracted from medical records. Mortality within 30 days of diagnosis and the predictive factors were analysed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 114 children, with a median age of 11 months (range: 6-69.5), were included. All cases of CRE-BSIs were either healthcare associated or hospital acquired and presented with at least one underlying comorbidity. A previous history of CRE colonization or infection rate was 48.2% (55/114). Klebsiella pneumoniae 87.7% (100/114) was the most frequently isolated microorganism, with a 30-day mortality rate of 14% (16/114). Multivariate analysis identified paediatric intensive care unit admission, invasive mechanical ventilation, inotropic support and thrombocytopenia due to CRE-BSIs as the most discriminative predictors for 30-day mortality (P < 0.001). Central venous catheter (CVC) removal was associated with a reduced mortality rate (P = 0.012). High-dose prolonged infusion of MEM-based or polymyxin-based antibiotic combinations did not impact survival. Lower MEM MIC values were associated with improved survival.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The mortality rate of CRE-BSI is notably high in childhood. The use of antibiotic combination strategies did not demonstrate a significant impact on 30-day survival; however, the removal of CVCs was found to lower mortality rates.</p>","PeriodicalId":14969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142545583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}