Advances in Anthropology最新文献_第6页

The Inscription Nr. 6858 from Kjolmen (Bulgaria) 来自 Kjolmen（保加利亚）的第 6858 号碑文

Advances in Anthropology Pub Date : 2017-09-26 DOI: 10.4236/AA.2017.74016

R. S. Stein, G. Tomezzoli

引用次数: 0

The Hellenization of the Hasmoneans Revisited: The Archaeological Evidence 哈斯蒙尼人的希腊化:考古证据

Advances in Anthropology Pub Date : 2017-09-26 DOI: 10.4236/AA.2017.74012

Eyal Regev

引用次数: 3

Aspects of Sex Differences: Social Intelligence vs. Creative Intelligence 性别差异的方面:社会智力vs.创造智力

Advances in Anthropology Pub Date : 2017-09-26 DOI: 10.4236/AA.2017.74017

F. Fellmann, E. Widmann

{"title":"Aspects of Sex Differences: Social Intelligence vs. Creative Intelligence","authors":"F. Fellmann, E. Widmann","doi":"10.4236/AA.2017.74017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/AA.2017.74017","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we argue that there is an essential difference between social intelligence and creative intelligence, and that they have their foundation in human sexuality. For sex differences, we refer to the vast psychological, neurological, and cognitive science research where problem-solving, verbal skills, logical reasoning, and other topics are dealt with. Intelligence tests suggest that, on average, neither sex has more general intelligence than the other. Though people are equals in general intelligence, they are different in special forms of intelligence such as social intelligence and creative intelligence, the former dominant in women, the latter dominant in men. The dominance of creative intelligence in men needs to be explained. The focus of our research is on the strictly anthropological aspects, and consequently our explanation for this fact is based on the male-female polarity in the mating systems. Sexual dimorphism does not only regard bodily differences but implies different forms of sex life. Sex researchers distinguish between two levels of sexual intercourse: procreative sex and recreational sex, and to these we would add “creative sex.” On all three levels, there is a behavioral difference between men and women, including the subjective experience. These differences are as well attributed to culture as genetically founded in nature. Sexual reproduction is only possible if females cooperate. Their biological inheritance makes females play a decisive role in mate choice. Recreational sex for the purpose of pleasure rather than reproduction results from female extended sexual activity. Creative sex, on the contrary, is a specifically male performance of sexuality. We identify creative sex with eroticism. Eroticism evolved through the transformation of the sexual drive into a mental state of expectation and fantasizing. Hence, sex differences (that nowadays are covered up by cultural egalitarianism) continue to be the evolutionary origin of the difference between social and creative intelligence.","PeriodicalId":149660,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Anthropology","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126334580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

The Yazidi—Religion, Culture and Trauma 雅兹迪人:宗教、文化与创伤

Advances in Anthropology Pub Date : 2017-09-26 DOI: 10.4236/AA.2017.74019

J. Kizilhan

引用次数: 17

Words for the Animal Elephant/Mammoth in Relation to the DNA Genealogy Data 与DNA家谱数据相关的动物大象/猛犸象词汇

Advances in Anthropology Pub Date : 2017-09-26 DOI: 10.4236/AA.2017.74014

P. Jandáček, A. Perdih

引用次数: 4

The Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphic Language Was Created by Sumerian Turks 古埃及象形文字是由苏美尔土耳其人创造的

Advances in Anthropology Pub Date : 2017-09-26 DOI: 10.4236/AA.2017.74013

M. Gündüz

{"title":"The Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphic Language Was Created by Sumerian Turks","authors":"M. Gündüz","doi":"10.4236/AA.2017.74013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/AA.2017.74013","url":null,"abstract":"The “phonetic sound value of each and every hieroglyphic picture’s expressed and intended meaning as a verb or as a noun by the creators of the ancient Egyptian hieroglyphic picture symbols, ‘exactly matches’, the same meaning” as well as the “first letter of the corresponding meaning of the Turkish word’s first syllable” with the currently spoken dialects of the Turkish language. The exact intended sound value as well as the meaning of hieroglyphic pictures as nouns or verbs is individually and clearly expressed in the original hieroglyphic pictures. This includes the 30 hieroglyphic pictures of well-known consonants as well as some vowel sounds-of the language of the ancient Egyptians. There is no exception to this rule. Statistical and probabilistic certainty beyond any reasonable doubt proves the Turkish language connection. The hieroglyphic pictures match with 2 variables (the phonetic value and intended meaning). 1) Each hieroglyphic picture’s known “phonetic value” through the Coptic language was proven by Champollion in 1822 (Champollion (1836), Robinson (2013)) who had well-known and unchallenged expertise in the Coptic language. 2) The phonetic value of each and every hieroglyphic picture matches with the corresponding meaning of the Turkish word’s “first letter” or even entire letters of the “first syllable” in certain cases, consonant or vowel. The exact “intended meaning” of the hieroglyphic picture as a noun or as a verb matches with the Turkish dialects. This is the case for all 30 hieroglyphic pictures. No other spoken language can approach this match.","PeriodicalId":149660,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Anthropology","volume":"124 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123198736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

The Uniparental Genetic Landscape of Modern Slavic Speaking Populations 现代斯拉夫语人口的单代遗传景观

Advances in Anthropology Pub Date : 2017-09-26 DOI: 10.4236/AA.2017.74018

S. Karachanak-Yankova, D. Nesheva, D. Toncheva, A. Galabov

{"title":"The Uniparental Genetic Landscape of Modern Slavic Speaking Populations","authors":"S. Karachanak-Yankova, D. Nesheva, D. Toncheva, A. Galabov","doi":"10.4236/AA.2017.74018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/AA.2017.74018","url":null,"abstract":"Slavic speaking populations are the most numerous Indo-European ethnolinguistic group in Europe. They show great variety and fall into three groups: West, East and South Slavic populations. In order to contribute to the understanding of the correlation between linguistic and genetic affiliation of Slavic populations, we have analyzed for the first time their matrilineal and patrilineal relationships and we have also illustrated their position in the European uniparental genetic landscape. For the purpose, we have collected previously published data for the frequencies of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and Y-chromosome haplogroups in Slavic and other European populations and compared them by Principal Component Analysis (PCA). In the inter-Slavic population comparisons, West and East Slavs are in a closer position, whereas South Slavic populations are rather grouped on their own. In the European context, South Slavic populations are positioned more close to neighboring Balkan non-Slavic and North Italian populations, than to other Slavic populations. When considering the uniparental diversity of Slavic speaking populations, one should also take into account the prevalence of Y-chromosome haplogroup N among East Slavs (comprising almost half of the paternal gene pool in instances), which is almost absent among the other groups (not exceeding 2% - 3%). In conclusion, the data in the present study point that West-East and South Slavic speaking populations, behave as separate groups based on their uniparental genetic structure, which shows that they do not share substantial common genetic ancestry and that there is great genetic variety in the Slavic linguistic unity.","PeriodicalId":149660,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Anthropology","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115269466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

On the Toponymy of the Iranian Azerbaijan 论伊朗阿塞拜疆的地名

Advances in Anthropology Pub Date : 2017-07-24 DOI: 10.4236/AA.2017.73010

Alice Assadorian

{"title":"On the Toponymy of the Iranian Azerbaijan","authors":"Alice Assadorian","doi":"10.4236/AA.2017.73010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/AA.2017.73010","url":null,"abstract":"The article is a tentative classification of the toponymy of the Turkish speaking Iranian regions, now including Eastern and Western Azerbaijans, Ardabil, Zanjan and Ghazvin Provinces. Based on a comprehensive study the writer did, as of 2008, a database of 12,000 Iranian toponyms was collected from the series of volumes of Farhang-e joγrāfyāyīī-e īrān, (Iranian Geographical Encyclopedia), published by the Persian Army Survey (1949-1982). In addition, information was collected from local private libraries, and scattered articles from patriotic scholars like Ahmad Kasravi1. Finally, to update the data, due to the socio-political developments affecting the toponymy of the country during the recent years, several field studies were also done in the various provinces of Iran including Ardabil, Eastern and Western Azerbaijans, Kurdistan, Gilan, Mazandaran and Khorasan. The collected data were categorized from different aspects regarding the origin of the toponyms, their meanings, and their word formation procedures. This article aims to provide evidence that the original Iranian elements are present in the toponymy of Iran, including all Turkish speaking provinces, and that the linguistic shift from Persian to Turkish in the region, has by no means affected the ethnic Iranian characteristics and identity of its population, against all propaganda to impose Turkish origins and identity to the people of the region. The focus of the study was to locate the common Iranian topoformant suffixes found in the place names throughout the country. The article casts a particular look at the tentative etymology of a place name of the Iranian origin (Sām-aspī), attested in Ardabīl district.","PeriodicalId":149660,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Anthropology","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114889354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Hajnal Line and Gene-Culture Coevolution in Northwest Europe 西北欧的Hajnal系与基因-文化共同进化

Advances in Anthropology Pub Date : 2017-07-24 DOI: 10.4236/AA.2017.73011

P. Frost

{"title":"The Hajnal Line and Gene-Culture Coevolution in Northwest Europe","authors":"P. Frost","doi":"10.4236/AA.2017.73011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/AA.2017.73011","url":null,"abstract":"North and west of a line running from Trieste to St. Petersburg, social relations have long conformed to the Western European Marriage Pattern, i.e., men and women marry relatively late; many people never marry; children usually leave the nuclear family to form new households, and households often have non-kin members. This pattern goes back at least to the thirteenth century and perhaps to prehistoric times. I argue that this environment of weaker kinship caused northwest Europeans to create communities based on shared moral rules, rather than shared kinship. Community members enforced these rules by monitoring not only the behavior of other members but also their own behavior and even their own thoughts. Initially, this new mindset did not have a genetic basis. Individuals acquired it within the bounds of phenotypic plasticity. Over time, however, a genetic basis would have developed through the survival and reproduction of individuals who were better at being socially independent, at obeying universal rules, at monitoring other community members, and at self-monitoring, self-judging, and self-punishing. These psychological adaptations—independent social orientation, universal rule adherence, affective empathy, guilt proneness—are moderately to highly heritable. Although they are complex, they required only minor evolutionary changes to evolve out of mechanisms that were already present but limited to specific behavioral contexts. Affective empathy, for instance, is a species-wide trait but usually confined to relations with close kin, particularly between a mother and her young children. An evolutionary scenario is proposed, and two questions discussed. Are these mental traits too complex to have evolved over a span of 30 to 300 generations? Are they too altruistic to be sustainable?","PeriodicalId":149660,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Anthropology","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127154822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

“The Edibility Approach”: Using Edibility to Explore Relationships, Plant Agency and the Porosity of Species’ Boundaries “可食性方法”:利用可食性来探索物种边界的关系、植物代理和孔隙度

Advances in Anthropology Pub Date : 2017-07-24 DOI: 10.4236/AA.2017.73009

L. Attala

{"title":"“The Edibility Approach”: Using Edibility to Explore Relationships, Plant Agency and the Porosity of Species’ Boundaries","authors":"L. Attala","doi":"10.4236/AA.2017.73009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/AA.2017.73009","url":null,"abstract":"In light of correspondence between interdisciplinary representations of plant abilities, this paper raises questions about plant/human-animal relationships and in so doing problematizes the category/species boundaries that both establish and characterize the differences between plant and animal. Using a more than human (Cf. Whatmore 2002; Head et al., 2012) multi-species (Kirksey and Helmreich 2010) framework that rejects reductionist methods in favour of a relational, materialities approach; an alternative method to consider plant/human-animal relationships that focuses on edibility and the consequences of ingestion is proposed. Termed the Edibility Approach, this method foregrounds the ways that plants influence human bodies as a result of their edibility and considers the corollary processes that occur during ingestion and after digestion. Interrogation of the social effects of eating plants and the part plants play in inciting behaviours as if from “the inside” of bodies adds a nuanced direction to the study of plant/human-animal relationships. This phyto-centric framing offers a new botanical ontology and conceptual tool. By focusing on the dependencies between species, it proposes that there is a multi-vocal embodied dialogue occurring between species through digestion.","PeriodicalId":149660,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Anthropology","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123809331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10