Advances in Anthropology最新文献_第10页

A Small WWII Italian Bunker in Heraclea Minoa (Sicily) 西西里岛赫拉克勒米诺阿(Heraclea Minoa)的二战意大利小型地堡

Advances in Anthropology Pub Date : 2015-08-10 DOI: 10.4236/AA.2015.53013

G. Tomezzoli

引用次数: 1

Human Gene Mutations and Migratory Flows—Portugal and the Mediterranean 人类基因突变和移民流动——葡萄牙和地中海

Advances in Anthropology Pub Date : 2015-08-10 DOI: 10.4236/AA.2015.53015

Leonor Osório Almeida

引用次数: 2

Palmar Intertriradial Ridge Counts in Sardinians 撒丁岛的棕榈间脊计数

Advances in Anthropology Pub Date : 2015-08-10 DOI: 10.4236/AA.2015.53012

G. Floris

引用次数: 3

3D Morphometric Study of the Mandibular Fossa and Its Implication for Species Recognition in Homo erectus 直立人下颌窝三维形态测量学研究及其对物种识别的意义

Advances in Anthropology Pub Date : 2015-08-10 DOI: 10.4236/AA.2015.53014

A. Barash, M. Bastir, E. Been

{"title":"3D Morphometric Study of the Mandibular Fossa and Its Implication for Species Recognition in Homo erectus","authors":"A. Barash, M. Bastir, E. Been","doi":"10.4236/AA.2015.53014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/AA.2015.53014","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of species recognition in paleoanthropology has been the subject of numerous studies. In the current study, we have used the complex topography of the mandibular fossa to assess its potential as a species-specific indicator. Six landmarks were registered using a microscribe 3Dx digitizer on four extant species: Pan paniscus, Pan troglodytes, Gorilla gorilla, and two ethnical groups of modern humans. Using principal component analysis (PC), the results statistically separated between the species and within the two Homo groups. The same method was applied to a sample of 13 casts of Pleistocene hominids from Asia, Europe and Africa. The first PC separated Asian Homo erectus from African Homo erectus and Homo heidelbergensis. The second PC separated African Homo erectus from Homo heidelbergensis. Interestingly Homo floresiensis groups with Homo heidelbergensis. Adding recent human sample to the analysis showed them to fall within the African Homo erectus group. Cluster analysis on the superimposed fossil data had turned the same results. These results favor the view that Homo erectus is actually made from at least two distinct species. Homo floresiensis is not a form of pathologic sapiens, and Homo sapiens has descendent solely from early African-like species.","PeriodicalId":149660,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Anthropology","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116314499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Significance of the Earliest Beads 最早的珠子的意义

Advances in Anthropology Pub Date : 2015-03-10 DOI: 10.4236/AA.2015.52006

R. Bednarik

引用次数: 11

Origin of Human Language in an Evolutionary Context: Evolution-Progression Model 人类语言在进化背景下的起源:进化-进展模型

Advances in Anthropology Pub Date : 2015-03-10 DOI: 10.4236/AA.2015.52007

K. Ko

{"title":"Origin of Human Language in an Evolutionary Context: Evolution-Progression Model","authors":"K. Ko","doi":"10.4236/AA.2015.52007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/AA.2015.52007","url":null,"abstract":"This article approaches what is considered to be a linguistic enigma with an interdisciplinary scientific approach. In this manuscript, the author analyzes the infant developmental stage, human anatomy, animal behavior studies, and anthropological changes. Furthermore, prominent theories in the field, such as the provisioning model, ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) theory, and the metabolic hypothesis for human altriciality are considered in an evolutionary context to unravel the origin of language. First, two evolutionary adaptations in humans, bipedalism and delicate muscle movements, resulted in the lack of a need for “hyperfocus”. Second, a relatively safe and rich environment replaced “hyperfocus” with social cohesion. Third, a burgeoning social interaction ushered in natural selection, whereby child helplessness or early parturition supported exceptional self-consciousness (intelligence). The result of concentrated self-consciousness, which involved enlargement of the posterior parietal cortex (sense of self), prefrontal cortex (social cognition), and temporal lobe (language interpretation), was human language. Language was not a sudden revelation; instead, it was a gradual process and a built-in part of the evolutionary sequence. Last, this article implies how language might have begun in accordance with the prior multidisciplinary analysis.","PeriodicalId":149660,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Anthropology","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117173080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Septal Aperture and Osteoarthritis—The Same or Independent Origins? 室间隔孔和骨关节炎——相同还是独立的起源?

Advances in Anthropology Pub Date : 2015-03-10 DOI: 10.4236/AA.2015.52009

A. Myszka, D. Trzciński

{"title":"Septal Aperture and Osteoarthritis—The Same or Independent Origins?","authors":"A. Myszka, D. Trzciński","doi":"10.4236/AA.2015.52009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/AA.2015.52009","url":null,"abstract":"Many theories have been suggested in order to explain the etiology of septal aperture (SA), however the problem has not been solved yet. The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between septal aperture and osteoarthritic changes. The skeletal material had come from a medieval cemetery in Cedynia, Poland. Skeletons of 201 adults had been examined. Septal aperture of humeral bone had been scored. Osteoarthritic changes (osteophytosis, porosity, eburnation) of articular surfaces of distal end of humerus and proximal end of ulna had been examined. In the present study female right bones with septal aperture were predicted to have porosity of articular surfaces of elbow joint (R = 0.30). But the caution is required when interpreting this result. Firstly, significant correlation was observed in the females’ right bones only. Secondly, the etiology of porosity is not clear. Septal aperture did not correlate with osteophytosis, and eburnation (correlation is low and negative). This result contradicts the mechanical theory of SA formation (SA is a result of the impingement of overgrown ulnar process on the humeral septum). One explanation can be that osteophytes limit the natural motion of the joint to constitute a repair response an attempt at stabilizing the degenerating joint. It can prevent from septal aperture formation, or/and its enlargement. As in the case of osteophytes, eburnation limits elbow mobility, and thereby can exclude septal aperture formation. Further analyses of the relationship between septal aperture and osteoarthritic changes formation are needed. It is important for anthropological, and medical researches.","PeriodicalId":149660,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Anthropology","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127245535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

A Case Study of Miao Village in China: Cultural Identity, Change and Conservation 以中国苗寨为例:文化认同、变迁与保护

Advances in Anthropology Pub Date : 2015-03-10 DOI: 10.4236/AA.2015.52011

Xiaoyan Wang

引用次数: 3

The Historic Role of Crocodiles and Other African Aquatic Pests in Current Sport Championships 鳄鱼和其他非洲水生害虫在当前体育锦标赛中的历史作用

Advances in Anthropology Pub Date : 2015-03-10 DOI: 10.4236/AA.2015.52010

S. Lev-Yadun

{"title":"The Historic Role of Crocodiles and Other African Aquatic Pests in Current Sport Championships","authors":"S. Lev-Yadun","doi":"10.4236/AA.2015.52010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/AA.2015.52010","url":null,"abstract":"Top achievements in modern sports are not distributed evenly among humans of various origins. Athletes of African origin dominate several fields of athletics, especially short- and long-distance running, which differ in their physiological and muscle structure characters and requirements. This contrasts dramatically with their near absence from the group of leading swimmers at all distances. The conspicuous absence of world-class swimmers of African origin cannot be explained by current or recent social aspects or by the history of their discrimination, and therefore deserves an alternative explanation. I propose that the conspicuous weakness of athletes of African origin in swimming is related to their evolution in the natural African environment with the probable inherited and a certain biological and/or cultural fear of predation by crocodiles and of infection by various pathogens and parasites. Members of the genus Homo that emigrated from Africa during the last 1.8 million years or have evolved outside Africa had sufficient time to get rid of the biological and/or cultural fear of swimming directly, or by gene exchange with contemporary groups that left Africa long ago and had adapted to safer water habitats. The release from the fear of crocodiles, pathogens and parasites at higher latitudes must have influenced other aspects of environmental exploitation of aquatic habitats by various hominin types, an issue outside the scope of his assay.","PeriodicalId":149660,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Anthropology","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114885690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Association of Finger Ridge Pattern and E-Beta-Thalassemia: A Study on Bengalee Population of West Bengal, India 指脊型与e - β -地中海贫血的关系:对印度西孟加拉邦孟加拉人的研究

Advances in Anthropology Pub Date : 2015-02-02 DOI: 10.4236/AA.2015.51002

Piyali Das, J. R. Ghosh, A. Bandyopadhyay

{"title":"Association of Finger Ridge Pattern and E-Beta-Thalassemia: A Study on Bengalee Population of West Bengal, India","authors":"Piyali Das, J. R. Ghosh, A. Bandyopadhyay","doi":"10.4236/AA.2015.51002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/AA.2015.51002","url":null,"abstract":"There is well documented relationship between dermatoglyphics and specific syndromes of genetic origins. Since beta-thalassemia is a major genetic disorder in West Bengal, India, therefore, rapid diagnosis of major beta thalassemia along with certain preventive measures is of utmost significance. The aim of the present study was to understand the association of the finger prints patterns among the E-beta thalassemia patients of Bengalee Hindu Caste population of West Bengal, India. To achieve the purpose, bilateral fingerprints have been collected from 100 (Male-50, Female-50) diagnosed E-beta thalassemia patients from Bengalee population in West Bengal using standard ink roller technique. Examination on finger pattern type revealed significantly (p < 0.05) higher Whorls among the male patients in comparison to their female counter part. On the other hand, significant (p < 0.05) excess of Arches has been found among the female patients compared to the male patients. Present study envisaged that these finger dermatoglyphics patterns might be helpful for the diagnosis and screening of E-beta thalassemia in Bengalee population.","PeriodicalId":149660,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Anthropology","volume":"605 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116458471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6