Advances in Anthropology最新文献_第9页

From Sexuality to Eroticism: The Making of the Human Mind 从性到情色:人类思想的形成

Advances in Anthropology Pub Date : 2016-02-04 DOI: 10.4236/AA.2016.61002

F. Fellmann, Rebecca Walsh

{"title":"From Sexuality to Eroticism: The Making of the Human Mind","authors":"F. Fellmann, Rebecca Walsh","doi":"10.4236/AA.2016.61002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/AA.2016.61002","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes that the human mind in its creativity and emotional self-awareness is the result of the evolutionary transition from sexuality to eroticism. Eroticism is arrived at and defined by the high amount of energy displayed in animal sexuality. We propose that the unique human emotional intelligence is due to this “overflow” of mating energy. What from the survival viewpoint looks like an enormous waste of time and energy reveals itself to be an unexpected psychological benefit. The diversion of sexual energy from procreation—a process that results in erotic fantasies—turns intimacy into a source of human self-consciousness. This places different emphasis on the meaning of eroticism and provides a coherent scenario of mental development beyond mere cognitive capacities. Arguments are presented on how erotic imagination, or sexual excitation as an end in itself, promotes the human propensity for explorative curiosity; data from ethology, psychology, sociology, and neuroscience are presented to support these arguments. As philosophical anthropologists, we do not provide new empirical data, but the available results of comparative behavioral research confirm our hypothesis.","PeriodicalId":149660,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Anthropology","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114423719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Kinship and Phenotypic Divergence in the Ancient Population of the Puna Plateau of Northwestern Argentina 阿根廷西北部普纳高原古代种群的亲缘关系和表型分化

Advances in Anthropology Pub Date : 2016-02-04 DOI: 10.4236/AA.2016.61001

M. L. Fuchs, H. H. Varela, J. A. Cocilovo

{"title":"Kinship and Phenotypic Divergence in the Ancient Population of the Puna Plateau of Northwestern Argentina","authors":"M. L. Fuchs, H. H. Varela, J. A. Cocilovo","doi":"10.4236/AA.2016.61001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/AA.2016.61001","url":null,"abstract":"The Puna de Jujuy is a characteristic region of Northwest Argentina, and archaeological evidence shows remarkable development in this area during the period of Regional Development (PRD) or Late period. The aim of this paper is to study the genetic structure of the late population of the Puna de Jujuy (Argentina) using cranial metric traits. The sample comprised 302 adult individuals belonging to six different localities: Agua Caliente, Casabindo, Doncellas, Queta, Rio Negro and Sorcuyo. The research included 27 cranial metric variables, a discriminant analysis and the calculation of Mahalanobis’ D2 distance and the fixation or genetic divergence index. The results showed little phenotypic differentiation between six locations; 1% of the genetic variation explaind the differences between groups, and the rest represented variations within the group. The sites of Queta and Sorcuyo had lower observed variance values than expected in the model of balance between genetic drift and gene flow, and Agua Caliente showed higher observed variance values than expected. The remaining sites showed values close to the ones expected in the model. The calculated distances suggested that the differentiation between localities was moderate. These results were compared to FST calculated for other local populations. A differential distribution of morphological variability between sites was observed. Agua Caliente, Casabindo, Doncellas and Rio Negro showed higher morphological variability due to higher gene flow values, whereas Queta and Sorcuyo showed lower morphological variability.","PeriodicalId":149660,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Anthropology","volume":"204 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131657346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

The Kieswerk of Pointe Saint-Mathieu and the Atlantic Wall 圣马修角的基斯沃克和大西洋墙

Advances in Anthropology Pub Date : 2015-09-25 DOI: 10.4236/AA.2015.54017

G. Tomezzoli

引用次数: 3

Native Settlements in Makkah Al-Mukarramah Area and Factors Affecting Its Distribution 麦加穆卡拉玛地区的土著聚落及其分布影响因素

Advances in Anthropology Pub Date : 2015-09-25 DOI: 10.4236/aa.2015.54020

Abdullah Alharbi

{"title":"Native Settlements in Makkah Al-Mukarramah Area and Factors Affecting Its Distribution","authors":"Abdullah Alharbi","doi":"10.4236/aa.2015.54020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/aa.2015.54020","url":null,"abstract":"Naturally human beings live in settlements, and through the recognition of the distribution pattern of these settlements, the distribution of the population can be identified, which is implemented as an effective factor for seeking balanced development. Therefore, the distribution of population and native settlements with maps are very important issues because they represent the final outcome between the elements of the human and natural environment. The importance of this study merges from the importance of Makkah Al-Mukarramah area among all other areas of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in terms of the weight of population (as the last estimates based on the results of the general census of population and housing in 1431/2010 AD): the population is 7,026,805 habitants, spread over eleven provinces in addition to the headquarters in (Makkah Al-Mukarramah); the region’s total area is 140,814 square kilometers. It also merges from religious significance for the city of Makkah Al-Mukarramah. The study followed the descriptive and analytical approaches; in addition, it used cartographic representation method, and it had depended on the data and information obtained from the Department of Statistics publications, and other government authorities, and data and maps from published research related to the subject of the study. The results of the study revealed the geographical distribution pattern of both native settlements and population of each province via the natural and human factors affecting facilitating the knowledge of the huge disparity of the distribution which gave light for recommendations built at the end the study.","PeriodicalId":149660,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Anthropology","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123635622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Study on the Professional Identity of Japanese Traditional Craftspeople: Through Interviews with Maki-e Craftspeople 日本传统手工艺人的职业认同研究——基于对Maki-e手工艺人的访谈

Advances in Anthropology Pub Date : 2015-09-25 DOI: 10.4236/AA.2015.54022

C. Narita, Yutaro Shimode, Kazushi Yamada, N. Kida

引用次数: 0

Distribution of East Eurasian Y-Chromosome and Mitochondrial DNA Haplogroups across Eurasia: Insights into the Genetic Ancestry of Bulgarians 欧亚大陆东部y染色体和线粒体DNA单倍群的分布:保加利亚人遗传祖先的见解

Advances in Anthropology Pub Date : 2015-09-25 DOI: 10.4236/AA.2015.54019

S. Karachanak-Yankova, D. Nesheva, A. Galabov, D. Toncheva

{"title":"Distribution of East Eurasian Y-Chromosome and Mitochondrial DNA Haplogroups across Eurasia: Insights into the Genetic Ancestry of Bulgarians","authors":"S. Karachanak-Yankova, D. Nesheva, A. Galabov, D. Toncheva","doi":"10.4236/AA.2015.54019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/AA.2015.54019","url":null,"abstract":"The modern Bulgarian mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and Y-chromosome gene pools predominantly consist of Western Eurasian haplogroups. In contrast, the Eastern Eurasian lineages are found at very low frequencies in Bulgarians, being represented only by mtDNA haplogroups C (0.2%), D (0.4%) and Z (0.1%) (Karachanak et al., 2012) and Y-chromosome haplogroups C, N and Q (each 0.5%) (Karachanak et al., 2013). A similar pattern is observed in ancient mtDNA samples of proto-Bulgarian human remains, which belong exclusively to Western Eurasian mtDNA haplogroups (Nesheva et al., 2015). In order to investigate Bulgarian ancestry from the perspective of Eastern Eurasian haplogroups, we have analyzed the distribution of Y-chromosome haplogroups C, N and Q and mtDNA haplogroups C, D and Z across Eurasia. The survey was performed using literature data for more than 15,000 individuals from different Eurasian (sub-) populations for each of these haplogroups. The collected data were used to construct Eurasian frequency maps of the considered haplogroups and to test the significance of their incidence between Bulgarians and Europeans, European neighboring populations of Bulgaria and populations, which according to some historical conceptions could have common ancestry with proto-Bulgarians, namely: Altaian, Caucasus, Siberian and Central Asian populations. The spatial distribution of mtDNA haplogroups C, D and Z and Y-chromosome haplogroups C, N and Q contrasts their high frequency among Altaic populations and their occasional appearance in Bulgarians. Furthermore, the comparison of the occurrence of these haplogroups shows no link between Bulgarians and Altaic and Caucasus populations. Based on the substantial genetic input of proto-Bulgarians to the modern Bulgarian gene pool, the present study confirms the nonexistence of a close Y-chromosomal or mtDNA link between proto-Bulgarians on the one hand and Altaic and Caucasus populations on the other.","PeriodicalId":149660,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Anthropology","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129788132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evolution of Long Head Hair in Humans 人类长头发的进化

Advances in Anthropology Pub Date : 2015-09-25 DOI: 10.4236/AA.2015.54021

P. Frost

{"title":"Evolution of Long Head Hair in Humans","authors":"P. Frost","doi":"10.4236/AA.2015.54021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/AA.2015.54021","url":null,"abstract":"In many humans, head hair can grow to a much greater length than hair elsewhere on the body. This is a “derived” form that evolved outside Africa and probably in northern Eurasia. The ancestral form, which is frizzier and much shorter, survives in sub-Saharan Africans and in other groups whose ancestors never left the tropics. This original hair form is nonetheless relatively straight and silky during infancy. Head hair thus seems to have lengthened in two stages: 1) retention of the infant hair form at older ages; and 2) further lengthening to mid-back and even waist length. These changes seem to have gone farther in women, whose head hair is thicker and somewhat longer. The most popular evolutionary explanations are: 1) relaxation of selection for short hair; and 2) sexual selection for women with long hair. Neither hypothesis is satisfactory. The first one cannot explain why head hair lengthened so dramatically over so little time. The second hypothesis suffers from the assumption that some populations have remained naturally short-haired because they consider long-haired women undesirable. Almost the opposite is true in traditional African cultures, which have a long history of lengthening and straightening women’s hair. It is argued here that sexual selection produced different outcomes in different populations not because standards of beauty differed but because the intensity of sexual selection differed. In the tropical zone, sexual selection acted more on men than on women and was thus too weak to enhance desirable female characteristics. This situation reversed as ancestral humans spread northward into environments that tended to limit polygyny while increasing male mortality. Because fewer men were available for mating, women faced a more competitive mate market and were selected more severely.","PeriodicalId":149660,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Anthropology","volume":"341 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115968957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Variations in Types of First-Cousin Marriages over a Two-Generation Period among Arabs in Israel 以色列阿拉伯人两代间表兄弟婚姻类型的变化

Advances in Anthropology Pub Date : 2015-09-25 DOI: 10.4236/AA.2015.54016

R. Sharkia, M. Mahajnah, M. Athamna, Ahmad Sheikh-Muhammad, Abdelnaser Zalan

引用次数: 3

Proofs of Long-Distance Relations between Central Europe and Inland Iberian Peninsula during Neolithic and Bronze Age. Evidences from the Material Culture of the Site of El Portalón (Sierra de Atapuerca, Burgos, Spain) 新石器时代和青铜器时代中欧和伊比利亚内陆半岛远距离联系的证据。El Portalón遗址(Sierra de Atapuerca, Burgos，西班牙)的物质文化证据

Advances in Anthropology Pub Date : 2015-09-25 DOI: 10.4236/AA.2015.54023

A. Alday, A. Pérez-Romero, J. Carretero, M. Galindo-Pellicena, G. Adán, J. Arsuaga

引用次数: 3

The Ero Vili and the Atlantic Wall 埃罗·维利和大西洋墙

Advances in Anthropology Pub Date : 2015-09-25 DOI: 10.4236/AA.2015.54018

G. Tomezzoli, Y. Marzin

引用次数: 12