Yao Ming, Shaozu Cao, Ruixiang Zhang, Z. Li, Yuanzhe Chen, Yangqiu Song, Huamin Qu
{"title":"Understanding Hidden Memories of Recurrent Neural Networks","authors":"Yao Ming, Shaozu Cao, Ruixiang Zhang, Z. Li, Yuanzhe Chen, Yangqiu Song, Huamin Qu","doi":"10.1109/VAST.2017.8585721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VAST.2017.8585721","url":null,"abstract":"Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) have been successfully applied to various natural language processing (NLP) tasks and achieved better results than conventional methods. However, the lack of understanding of the mechanisms behind their effectiveness limits further improvements on their architectures. In this paper, we present a visual analytics method for understanding and comparing RNN models for NLP tasks. We propose a technique to explain the function of individual hidden state units based on their expected response to input texts. We then co-cluster hidden state units and words based on the expected response and visualize co-clustering results as memory chips and word clouds to provide more structured knowledge on RNNs’ hidden states. We also propose a glyph-based sequence visualization based on aggregate information to analyze the behavior of an RNN’s hidden state at the sentence-level. The usability and effectiveness of our method are demonstrated through case studies and reviews from domain experts.","PeriodicalId":149607,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE Conference on Visual Analytics Science and Technology (VAST)","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114654603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ayushi Gupta, Veera Raghavendra Chikka, K. Karlapalem
{"title":"VAST Mini-Challenge 1","authors":"Ayushi Gupta, Veera Raghavendra Chikka, K. Karlapalem","doi":"10.1109/VAST.2017.8585677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VAST.2017.8585677","url":null,"abstract":"We propose an interactive visual analytics system for exploring spatio-temporal data in VAST 2017 Mini-Challenge-1. As part of this challenge, we are expected to determine repeating, seasonal and unusual cars’ movements in Lekagul park dataset. We use varied visualizations such as heatmap, sequential sunburst and line plots. Further, we have developed a web deployable ad-hoc system for displaying spatio-temporal information on geographical map.","PeriodicalId":149607,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE Conference on Visual Analytics Science and Technology (VAST)","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117048791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Visualizing chemicals detection VAST 2017 Mini Challenge 2","authors":"Jiaqi Zhang, Xintian Liu, Hongjun Qian, T. Kam","doi":"10.1109/VAST.2017.8585723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VAST.2017.8585723","url":null,"abstract":"Analysis of sensor data is currently a popular topic in visual analytics, as visual representations can efficiently uncover insights in huge and noisy datasets.","PeriodicalId":149607,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE Conference on Visual Analytics Science and Technology (VAST)","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126342914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Temporal and Spatial Analysis of VAST 2017’s Mini-Challenge 1","authors":"Chris Muller, Kevin McGurgan, Stephanie Kane","doi":"10.1109/VAST.2017.8585475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VAST.2017.8585475","url":null,"abstract":"This paper summarizes the approach and tools used by our team to analyze the dataset for Mini-Challenge 1 of the 2017 VAST Challenge. The goal of the mini-challenge was to find patterns of traffic activity within the park that may be associated with declining numbers of nesting bird pairs. We developed a custom, web-based application using Python and JavaScript to visualize and analyze the data to solve the mini-challenge.","PeriodicalId":149607,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE Conference on Visual Analytics Science and Technology (VAST)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125606652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The “y” of it Matters, Even for Storyline Visualization","authors":"Dustin L. Arendt, M. Pirrung","doi":"10.1109/VAST.2017.8585487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VAST.2017.8585487","url":null,"abstract":"Storylines are adept at communicating complex change by encoding time on the x-axis and using the proximity of lines in the y direction to represent interaction between entities. The original definition of a storyline visualization requires data defined in terms of explicit interaction groups. Relaxing this definition allows storyline visualization to be applied more generally, but this creates questions about how the y-coordinate should encode interactions when this is tied to a particular place or state. To answer this question, we conducted a design study where we considered two layout algorithm design alternatives within a geo-temporal analysis tool written to solve part of the VAST Challenge 2014. We measured the performance of users at overview and detail oriented tasks between two storyline layout algorithms. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first work to question the design principles for storyline visualization, and what we found surprised us. For overview tasks with the alternative layout, which has a consistent encoding for the y-coordinate, users performed moderately better (${p}lt.05$) than the storyline layout based on existing design constraints and aesthetic criteria. Our empirical findings were also supported by first-hand accounts taken from interviews with multiple expert analysts, who suggested that the inconsistent meaning of the y-axis was misleading. These findings led us to design a new storyline layout algorithm that is a “best of both” where the y-axis has a consistent meaning but aesthetic criteria (e.g., line crossings) are considered.","PeriodicalId":149607,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE Conference on Visual Analytics Science and Technology (VAST)","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132840328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Buchmüller, Wolfgang Jentner, Dirk Streeb, D. Keim
{"title":"ODIX: A Rapid Hypotheses Testing System for Origin-Destination Data IEEE VAST Challenge Award for Excellence in Spatio-temporal Graph Analytics","authors":"J. Buchmüller, Wolfgang Jentner, Dirk Streeb, D. Keim","doi":"10.1109/VAST.2017.8585686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VAST.2017.8585686","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we present our solution to the VAST Challenge 2017 Mini Challenge 1. We discuss challenges posed by data set and tasks and introduce ODIX, a custom rapid hypotheses testing system tailored to origin-destination data as provided by the challenge. We show findings made with ODIX and illustrate how we apply sequential pattern mining to explore common traffic patterns.","PeriodicalId":149607,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE Conference on Visual Analytics Science and Technology (VAST)","volume":"103 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133173417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Isaac Cho, Ryan Wesslen, Svitlana Volkova, W. Ribarsky, Wenwen Dou
{"title":"CrystalBall: A Visual Analytic System for Future Event Discovery and Analysis from Social Media Data","authors":"Isaac Cho, Ryan Wesslen, Svitlana Volkova, W. Ribarsky, Wenwen Dou","doi":"10.1109/VAST.2017.8585658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VAST.2017.8585658","url":null,"abstract":"Social media data bear valuable insights regarding events that occur around the world. Events are inherently temporal and spatial. Existing visual text analysis systems have focused on detecting and analyzing past and ongoing events. Few have leveraged social media information to look for events that may occur in the future. In this paper, we present an interactive visual analytic system, CrystalBall, that automatically identifies and ranks future events from Twitter streams. CrystalBall integrates new methods to discover events with interactive visualizations that permit sensemaking of the identified future events. Our computational methods integrate seven different measures to identify and characterize future events, leveraging information regarding time, location, social networks, and the informativeness of the messages. A visual interface is tightly coupled with the computational methods to present a concise summary of the possible future events. A novel connection graph and glyphs are designed to visualize the characteristics of the future events. To demonstrate the efficacy of CrystalBall in identifying future events and supporting interactive analysis, we present multiple case studies and validation studies on analyzing events derived from Twitter data.","PeriodicalId":149607,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE Conference on Visual Analytics Science and Technology (VAST)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115360725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Malla, Anwesh Tuladhar, Ghulam Jilani Quadri, P. Rosen
{"title":"Multi-Spectral Satellite Image Analysis for Feature Identification and Change Detection VAST Challenge 2017: Honorable Mention for Good Facilitation of Single Image Analysis","authors":"S. Malla, Anwesh Tuladhar, Ghulam Jilani Quadri, P. Rosen","doi":"10.1109/VAST.2017.8585482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VAST.2017.8585482","url":null,"abstract":"Satellite images are helpful in remote sensing of land features. However, such multi-spectral images cannot be displayed using readily available imaging tools. We developed a tool in Processing that is able to read in multi-spectral images and display each band as a grayscale image. This tool also allows for mapping of any of the bands to red, green or blue channel of the displayed image. In this paper, we describe how such tool can be used in identifying land features as well as assist in finding changes over time. We used our tool to successfully solve the VAST challenge 2017 mini-challenge 3.","PeriodicalId":149607,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE Conference on Visual Analytics Science and Technology (VAST)","volume":"140 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115591925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bharadwaj S. Kishan, Ong Guan Jie Jason, Yanrong Zhang, Kam Tin Seong
{"title":"Spatiotemporal identification of anomalies in a wildlife preserve VAST Grand Challenge 2017 Award: Clear Presentation of Hypotheses and Supporting Evidence","authors":"Bharadwaj S. Kishan, Ong Guan Jie Jason, Yanrong Zhang, Kam Tin Seong","doi":"10.1109/VAST.2017.8585493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VAST.2017.8585493","url":null,"abstract":"The datasets released for the VAST Challenge 2017 comprise vehicle movement data captured with RFID sensors, chemical emission data from factories captured by gas sensors, and image attributes of the wildlife plant health obtained from satellites, all pertaining to a fictional wildlife preserve. Using visual analytics, a compelling hypothesis is established to link the spatiotemporal datasets to the phenomenon, where the count of a bird specimen is found to decline over a given year. Anomalies in vehicle traffic patterns are linked to proximal factory emissions, and further associated with satellite imagery that show proof of degradation in plant quality in the preserve. The evidences are supported with visualizations created in Tableau, R, QGIS & SAS-JMP. Raster image analysis is also done to identify other key features in the preserve, such as the existence of a lake. This is achieved by using NDVI and NDMI measures, which also help understand the change in climate over the years.","PeriodicalId":149607,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE Conference on Visual Analytics Science and Technology (VAST)","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116940735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Federico, Markus Wagner, A. Rind, Albert Amor-Amoros, S. Miksch, W. Aigner
{"title":"The Role of Explicit Knowledge: A Conceptual Model of Knowledge-Assisted Visual Analytics","authors":"P. Federico, Markus Wagner, A. Rind, Albert Amor-Amoros, S. Miksch, W. Aigner","doi":"10.1109/VAST.2017.8585498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VAST.2017.8585498","url":null,"abstract":"Visual Analytics (VA) aims to combine the strengths of humans and computers for effective data analysis. In this endeavor, humans’ tacit knowledge from prior experience is an important asset that can be leveraged by both human and computer to improve the analytic process. While VA environments are starting to include features to formalize, store, and utilize such knowledge, the mechanisms and degree in which these environments integrate explicit knowledge varies widely. Additionally, this important class of VA environments has never been elaborated on by existing work on VA theory. This paper proposes a conceptual model of Knowledge-assisted VA conceptually grounded on the visualization model by van Wijk. We apply the model to describe various examples of knowledge-assisted VA from the literature and elaborate on three of them in finer detail. Moreover, we illustrate the utilization of the model to compare different design alternatives and to evaluate existing approaches with respect to their use of knowledge. Finally, the model can inspire designers to generate novel VA environments using explicit knowledge effectively.","PeriodicalId":149607,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE Conference on Visual Analytics Science and Technology (VAST)","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127213855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}