Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Dysregulated Efferocytosis and Immune Microenvironment in High Somatic Cell Count Dairy Cows","authors":"Juan Feng,&nbsp;Mengmeng Deng,&nbsp;Feixiang Fan,&nbsp;Jianxin Liu,&nbsp;Diming Wang,&nbsp;Jie Cai","doi":"10.1111/jpn.70066","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpn.70066","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Milk cells are mirrors of mammary health and immune responses in dairy cows. However, their specific physiological or pathological significance in cows with high somatic cell count (SCC) remains poorly understood. Dysregulation of milk cell physiology may contribute to inflammatory responses and impact mammary health and milk production. By investigating the composition and function of milk cells in high and low SCC cows, our study aimed to identify SCC-associated biological processes in the mammary gland. Sixteen animals were divided as two groups, SCC-h group (<i>n</i> = 8, milk SCC &gt; 200 × 10³/mL) and SCC-l group (<i>n</i> = 8, milk SCC &lt; 100 × 10³/mL). The milk performance traits of dairy cows were assessed, and RNA sequencing of milk cells was conducted. Metabolomic analysis was performed to identify ‘find-me’ signals associated with efferocytosis. The expression patterns of genes involved in apoptotic and non-apoptotic cell death, actin remodelling and efferocytosis were analysed. The protein levels of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory genes and nuclear receptors were determined. The immune microenvironment in milk cells was also dissected to understand the dysregulation in high SCC cows. The results showed increased expressions of key genes associated with apoptosis, necroptosis and pyroptosis in the high SCC group. However, the ‘find-me’ signals and ‘eat-me’ signals in the high SCC group were reduced compared with the low SCC group. Therefore, the protein levels of IL-1β and nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 (NFκB1) levels were increased, whereas the protein level of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) was decreased in high SCC group. These results demonstrated an enhanced pro-inflammatory signalling and altered immune microenvironment of milk cells in high SCC group. The high SCC group showed higher proportions of various types of immune cells, including dendritic cell, neutrophil and CD8⁺ T cell, indicating a pro-inflammatory immune microenvironment. Our study highlights the dysregulation of efferocytosis and immune microenvironment in milk cells of high SCC cows, potentially contributing to chronic inflammation and impaired mammary gland health. Reviving proper efferocytic function and rebalancing the immune microenvironment are essential for enhancing disease management and improving dairy cow welfare and productivity. Understanding the significance of milk cells in udder health can facilitate targeted interventions to optimise milk production and maintain mammary health in dairy farming.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","volume":"110 4","pages":"482-495"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147772246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Vitro Rumen Fermentation of Alternative Feeds Relevant for Dairy Production in an Overgrazed Tropical Area","authors":"Fiseha Tadele,&nbsp;Jeyamalar Jeyanathan,&nbsp;Yisehak Kechero,&nbsp;Geert P. J. Janssens,&nbsp;Veerle Fievez","doi":"10.1111/jpn.70069","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpn.70069","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In overgrazed tropical areas, limited quantity and poor quality of pastures constrain dairy production, creating a need for alternative and complementary feeds. This study in southern Ethiopia therefore assessed local feeds other than the overgrazed pasture using in vitro batch incubation to simulate rumen fermentation. The potential of these feeds as alternatives was evaluated based on rumen fermentation (assessed through total fermentation based on total volatile fatty acids (VFA) and apparent rumen degradable organic matter (ARDOM), as well as fermentation pattern and net ammonia nitrogen (NH₃-N) accumulation), together with crude protein (CP) content. For a feed to show potential as a pasture replacer, ARDOM was expected to be at least comparable to that of the pasture, while preferably supplying some extra CP. The potential of these feeds as complementary supplements was evaluated based on the net NH₃-N accumulation and branched-chain fatty acid (BCFA), along with CP contents as an indicator of RDP supply and in vitro propionate production as a proxy for glucogenic nutrients (GN) supply. Enset (<i>Ensete ventricosum</i>) leaves and water hyacinth (<i>Pontederia crassipes</i>) leaves exhibited a moderate reduction in fermentability, with approximately 15.5% lower total VFA and ARDOM than pasture (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), however they showed higher net NH₃-N accumulation (19.4% and 43.8%, respectively) along with higher CP (141 and 157 g kg⁻¹ DM, respectively) than average pasture (110 g kg⁻¹ DM), indicating their potential as alternative feeds. Conversely, <i>Euclea divinorum</i> leaves showed a marked reduction in fermentability, with approximately 50% lower total VFA and ARDOM than pasture (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), lower or negative net NH₃-N and lower CP (85 g kg⁻¹ DM) than average pasture, which made it less suitable as pasture alternative. Generally, mango seed kernels showed poor in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics compared with pasture. By contrast, <i>Moringa stenopetala</i> and <i>Moringa oleifera</i> pods demonstrated an interesting potential as complementary feeds to pasture because of high net NH₃-N, BCFA, CP, and propionate (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). They also exhibited higher or comparable ARDOM relative to pasture. Enset corms showed higher total VFA and propionate than pasture (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), yet with negative net NH₃-N accumulation (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Utilizing enset leaves and water hyacinth as alternative roughages could mitigate feed shortages and reduce grazing pressure in tropical regions, whereas Moringa pods and enset corms as complementary feeds could also enhance the efficient use of tropical low-quality forages in dairy cows.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","volume":"110 4","pages":"534-554"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147815291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Efficacy of Food-Grade Substances to Protect Dietary Glutamine From Ruminal Degradation","authors":"Lillian P. Carlyon,&nbsp;Tianna R. Boyce,&nbsp;Leesa-Joy Dunstan,&nbsp;Bruno R. C. Alves,&nbsp;Kiro Petrovski,&nbsp;Mariana Caetano","doi":"10.1111/jpn.70057","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpn.70057","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study was conducted to investigate the use of four, low cost, food-grade substances to protect glutamine from microbial degradation in vitro, and subsequently validate their efficacy in vivo. Two in vitro trials were conducted using 250 mL bottles replicated in triplicate to test beeswax-, paraffin wax-, zein-, and rice bran wax-encapsulated glutamine (GlnFS1, GlnFS2, GlnFS3 and GlnFS4, respectively) compared to control (blank) and negative controls (GlnC, FS1, FS2, FS3 and FS4). Ammonium analysis was conducted to evaluate the degradation of glutamine at 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240, 300, 360, 420 and 480 min post inoculation. To further test the efficacy of the two most protective food-grade substances in vivo, 16 Merino wethers (initial liveweight 53.75 ± 4.25 kg; 12 months old) were allocated to one of the treatments: control (<i>n</i> = 3), GlnC (<i>n</i> = 3), GlnFS1 (<i>n</i> = 5), and GlnFS2 (<i>n</i> = 5). Treatments were administered via oral syringe and bloods were taken via a jugular catheter every hour over 12 h post supplementation. Blood parameters including blood gases and plasma amino acid analyses were performed. The in vitro trial data were analysed using REML and area under the curve by R Software. Mixed models by SAS Software were used to analyse the in vivo data. All food-grade substances protected glutamine from microbial degradation, with the highest protection observed for GlnFS1 and GlnFS2 (35.7% and 26.4%, respectively) compared to the GlnC in the in vitro trials. In the in vivo trial, an interaction between treatment and timepoint was observed for blood sodium (<i>p</i> = 0.004). The blood pH of GlnFS1 and GlnFS2 were higher than control and GlnC (<i>p</i> = 0.039). Alanine (<i>p</i> = 0.049), glutamine (<i>p</i> = 0.015), and histidine (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) were elevated in GlnC compared to other treatment groups (control, GlnFS1, and GlnFS2). A higher concentration of plasma glutamine was detected in the blood of GlnC wethers with no significant difference from the control group. Future studies must evaluate the bioavailability of GlnFS1 and GlnFS2 in vivo.</p>","PeriodicalId":14942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","volume":"110 4","pages":"440-452"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jpn.70057","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147485788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Prepartum Supplementation and Yeast Fermentation Products on the Progesterone-Modulated Transfer of Passive Immunity in Bos indicus Cows","authors":"Latino G. S. Coimbra,&nbsp;Fran C. Cowley,&nbsp;Geoffry Fordyce,&nbsp;Luis F. P. Silva","doi":"10.1111/jpn.70065","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpn.70065","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Inadequate colostrum intake increases risks of calf morbidity and mortality. This study investigated the effects of prepartum and early postpartum supplementation and yeast fermentation products on late-pregnant <i>Bos indicus</i> cows, and the role of progesterone in mediating passive immunity transfer. Thirty-six Brahman cows were allocated to three treatment groups: Control (ad libitum Rhodes grass hay), Supp (Control plus 1 kg/day supplement) and SCFP (Supp plus 14 g/day <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> fermentation products). Treatments started 30 days before the expected calving date and continued until 14 days postpartum. Cow plasma samples were collected three times a week (Monday, Wednesday and Friday), and modelled to reflect daily changes in progesterone leading up to calving. Calf plasma samples were taken twice within the first 5 days of life, and colostrum samples were collected 6–12 h post-calving. Live weights of both cows and calves were measured three times a week for 14 days before and after calving. Data were analysed using a linear mixed-effects model, and plasma progesterone concentration was assessed with a segmented mixed model. Supplementation (Supp vs. Control) improved cow nutritional status during the prepartum period, increasing dry matter, protein and metabolizable energy intake (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), resulting in higher plasma urea (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01) and lower plasma non-esterified fatty acids (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01) and beta-hydroxybutyrate (<i>p</i> = 0.01) during the last week before calving. Supplementation reduced plasma progesterone concentration during the 3 days before calving (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), which was associated with enhanced transfer of maternal IgG into colostrum (<i>p</i> = 0.03) and improved calf growth (<i>p</i> = 0.01). Yeast fermentation products (SCFP) further improved passive immunity transfer to calves (<i>p</i> = 0.02). These findings highlight the effectiveness of short-term prepartum supplementation, especially with yeast fermentation products, and the important role of progesterone in mediating passive immunity transfer.</p>","PeriodicalId":14942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","volume":"110 4","pages":"463-473"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jpn.70065","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147673611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extrusion and Pancreatin Superdosing Modulate the Metabolic Impact of 20% Chlorella vulgaris Inclusion in Broiler Diets","authors":"Ana Rita Mendes,&nbsp;Cátia Falcão Martins,&nbsp;Maria Pinheiro Spínola,&nbsp;Daniela Filipa Pires Carvalho,&nbsp;Obete Madacussengua,&nbsp;Joana Inês Ferreira,&nbsp;Ana Maria Fontes,&nbsp;Rui Manuel Amaro Pinto,&nbsp;Miguel Pedro Mourato,&nbsp;Adam Davis,&nbsp;André Martinho de Almeida,&nbsp;Madalena Lordelo,&nbsp;José António Mestre Prates","doi":"10.1111/jpn.70064","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpn.70064","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Microalgae such as <i>Chlorella vulgaris</i> are gaining attention as sustainable and nutritionally valuable feed ingredients, with the potential to partially replace soybean meal in broiler diets. However, dietary inclusion of 20% <i>C. vulgaris</i> has been attempted, but negatively affected growth performance due to limited digestibility. This study examined the effects of including 20% <i>Chlorella vulgaris</i> (<i>C. vulgaris</i>) in broiler diets, either alone, extruded, or combined with 0.3% pancreatin supplementation, on blood parameters, plasma biochemistry, and liver composition. From day 7 to 35 of age, four dietary treatments were applied: a standard control diet (CTR), a diet with 20% <i>C. vulgaris</i> (CV), a diet with 20% <i>C. vulgaris</i> supplemented with 0.3% pancreatin (CVEN), and a diet containing 20% extruded <i>C. vulgaris</i> (CVEX). Findings showed that <i>C. vulgaris</i> dietary incorporation, regardless of treatment, led to a significant reduction in growth performance and an increase in specific plasma lipid parameters (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) when compared with the CTR diet. However, in CVEN animals, such adverse effects were mitigated, resulting in improvements in final body weight and average body weight gain. Dietary inclusion of <i>C. vulgaris</i> modulated hepatic composition without affecting total hepatic lipid content. <i>Chlorella</i>-based diets lowered PUFA/SFA and <i>n-6/n-3</i> ratios and increased specific fatty acids, particularly C16:0 and 20:5<i>n-3</i>. Hepatic cholesterol and antioxidant-related compounds, including β-carotene, chlorophyll <i>a</i>–like pigments, α-tocopherol, and, in untreated <i>C. vulgaris</i>, γ-tocopherol and γ-tocotrienol, were increased, and multivariate analysis clearly separated CTR diet-fed birds from <i>Chlorella</i>-fed groups. Multivariate analysis identified treatment-related patterns in both blood and liver samples. PCA of plasma parameters clearly separated all dietary groups. Conversely, hepatic PCA distinguished control from <i>C. vulgaris</i> treatments, which clustered together regardless of processing or enzyme supplementation, indicating consistent liver responses to microalgae dietary inclusion. Overall, these findings indicate that a 20% inclusion level of <i>C. vulgaris</i> requires digestibility-enhancing strategies to sustain broiler growth performance. Pancreatin supplementation effectively restored performance at this inclusion level to levels comparable to those of conventional maize–soy diets, highlighting the potential of enzyme-treated <i>C. vulgaris</i> as a viable main ingredient that supports both production outcomes and health-related attributes.</p>","PeriodicalId":14942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","volume":"110 4","pages":"506-522"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jpn.70064","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147772194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Impact of Selenium Selenite and Nano-Selenium on Physiological Functions in Male Goat Kids","authors":"Kalpana Dhruw,&nbsp;Anil Kumar Garg,&nbsp;A. K. Chaturvedani,&nbsp;Abhishek Kumar Singh","doi":"10.1111/jpn.70068","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpn.70068","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The present experiment was conducted to study the effects of nano-selenium (Se-NP) supplementation on nutrient utilization, growth, immune responses, antioxidant status, and reproductive performance in male goat kids over a 150-day experimental period. Twenty-four growing male goats were randomly allocated to three groups: control (T1), and two treatment groups receiving dietary Se-NP at graded levels (T2-0.15 ppm and T3-0.30 ppm). Dry matter intake (DMI), nutrient digestibility, and the plane of nutrition remained statistically comparable (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05) across all groups, indicating no adverse effect of Se-NP on feed acceptance or digestion. Growth performance metrics including average daily body weight gain and feed conversion ratio were also unaffected by the treatments. Haematological and serum biochemical parameters, including glucose, total protein, and creatinine, remained within normal physiological limits, though significant day-wise variations (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) were witnessed in glucose, cholesterol, total protein and creatinine. Antioxidant enzyme activity revealed a marked increase (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01) in Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity in T3(22.12 ± 2.21) and T2(11.99 ± 0.93), suggesting enhanced oxidative defence, while Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Catalase (CAT) activities were unchanged. Notably, serum Triiodothyronine (T3) concentration increased significantly (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) in T3(4.32 ± 0.24) and T2(4.21 ± 0.23) groups, accompanied by a reduction in Thyroxin (T4) and T4:T3 ratios, indicating potential modulation of peripheral thyroid hormone metabolism. Immune profiling demonstrated enhanced humoral (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) and cell-mediated immune responses (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01) in Se-NP groups, particularly T3, as evidenced by higher haemagglutination titres and delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions. Reproductive assessment showed no differences in scrotal size; however, sperm quality parameters-mass motility, live sperm percentage, and hypo-osmotic swelling test response-were significantly improved (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01) in Se-NP supplemented goats. In conclusion, Se-NP supplementation, especially at higher levels (T3), positively influenced antioxidant status, immune competence, and seminal quality without compromising growth or metabolic health, demonstrating its potential as a functional micronutrient to enhance reproductive and immunological resilience in male goats.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","volume":"110 4","pages":"555-570"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147815015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Broiler Breeder Age on Egg Quality, Incubation Performance, and Early Progeny Physiological and Muscle Fiber Development","authors":"Helder Freitas de Oliveira,&nbsp;Alessandra Gimenez Mascarenhas,&nbsp;José Henrique Stringhini,&nbsp;Nadja Susana Mogyca Leandro,&nbsp;Marcos Barcellos Cafe,&nbsp;Emmanuel Arnhold,&nbsp;Raíssa Monteiro de Alvarenga,&nbsp;Ana Caroline Romão Silva,&nbsp;Jean Kaique Valentim,&nbsp;Heloisa Helena de Carvalho Mello","doi":"10.1111/jpn.70071","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpn.70071","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study evaluated the effects of breeder hen age on the incubation performance, embryonic development, and progeny quality of Cobb500 broiler breeders at 39, 51, and 69 weeks of age. A total of 870 eggs were collected, of which 810 were incubated; these were assigned to a completely randomized design with three treatments and nine replicates of 30 eggs. The average egg weights were 64.68, 69.77, and 72.40 g for breeders aged 39, 51, and 69 weeks, respectively. The incubation traits, chick quality at hatch, and embryonic development indicators, including relative embryo and liver weights, eggshell calcium content, serum glucose, and breast muscle fiber number, were evaluated. Eggs from 69-week-old breeders were heavier and resulted in heavier chicks at hatch and placement (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), with lower dehydration than did chicks from 39-week-old breeders (<i>p</i> = 0.001). Hatchability, hatchability of fertile eggs, and hatch window were not affected by breeder age (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05). Embryonic mortality during Phase I was greater in eggs from 69-week-old breeders (<i>p</i> = 0.007). Embryos from younger breeders (39 weeks) presented greater relative developmental efficiency at 6 and 13 days of incubation (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.015). Progeny from older breeders (51 and 69 weeks) was associated with a greater incidence of physical quality scores between 86 and 90 (<i>p</i> = 0.050) and a greater number of breast muscle fibers in female chicks (<i>p</i> = 0.006). Eggshell calcium content, serum glucose concentration, and relative liver weight were not influenced by breeder age (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05). Breeder age significantly influences egg quality, embryonic development, and progeny characteristics, and advanced breeder age represents a trade-off between improved chick size and quality and increased early embryonic mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":14942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","volume":"110 4","pages":"571-581"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jpn.70071","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147838242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Muscle Mass Is a Better Predictor of Survival in Dogs With Chronic Kidney Disease Compared to Body Condition Score","authors":"Thiago Henrique Annibale Vendramini,&nbsp;Pedro Henrique Marchi,&nbsp;Vivian Pedrinelli,&nbsp;Andressa Rodrigues Amaral,&nbsp;Laís Oyama Cotrim Lima,&nbsp;Bianca Petermann Moretti,&nbsp;Natália Manuela Cardoso de Oliveira,&nbsp;Cristiana F. F. Pontieri,&nbsp;Juliana T. Jeremias,&nbsp;Júlio Cesar de Carvalho Balieiro,&nbsp;Marcio Antonio Brunetto","doi":"10.1111/jpn.70061","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpn.70061","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Monitoring prognostic factors, such as body weight, is important to assess the effectiveness of therapies in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and estimate the survival rate (SR). As established in the literature, both body condition score (BCS) and muscle mass score (MMS), when analysed individually, show a positive correlation with SR in dogs with CKD. However, no studies have analysed the correlation between both parameters on SR. The present study aimed to clarify the real influence of fat and lean mass on the SR in dogs with CKD, based on a Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, to improve the nutritional management of these patients. This study included 120 client-owned adult dogs diagnosed with CKD stages 2, 3, or 4. The hazard ratios for stage, BCS, MMS, age, and sex were estimated in univariate and multivariable analyses. The results showed survival was not influenced by BCS alone but was influenced by MMS. Severe muscle mass loss (MMS 0) had a 3.85-fold risk of mortality when compared to normal muscle mass (<i>p</i> = 0.006). Regardless of body condition, the present study observed that what really influenced the survival of dogs with CKD, considering the stage, was muscle mass.</p>","PeriodicalId":14942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","volume":"110 4","pages":"496-505"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jpn.70061","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147772208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrolysed Poultry Byproduct Meal Effects on Metabolic, Inflammatory, Immunologic, and Lipidemic Parameters in Beagle Dogs.","authors":"Thais de Souza Ávida, Eloise Cristina de Ramos, Lucas Bassi Scarpim, Isabel Ten Caten Bento, Ana Paula Gonçalves Garcia, Camila Goloni, Stephanie de Souza Theodoro Sousa, Carolina Cristina de Oliveira, Paloma Ricardo, Aulus Cavalieri Carciofi","doi":"10.1111/jpn.70076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jpn.70076","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Protein hydrolysates may contain bioactive peptides that influence metabolic and physiological responses. This study evaluated the effects of hydrolysed poultry byproduct meal (HPM), replacing conventional poultry byproduct meal (PBM), on selected antioxidant, inflammatory and metabolic parameters in dogs. Four extruded diets were formulated: a control diet with PBM as the protein source and diets replacing 25%, 50%, and 100% of PBM protein with HPM protein. Thirty-two Beagle dogs were included (eight dogs per diet) and were fed the respective diets for 32 days. Outcomes assessed included total cholesterol and lipoprotein fractions, oxidative stress markers, serum angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity, systemic blood pressure, urinary parameters, renal electrolyte excretion, serum cytokines, phagocytic activity of neutrophils and monocytes, and faecal IgA levels. Data were analysed using ANOVA, with means compared through polynomial contrasts based on HPM inclusion levels (p < 0.05). Diet had no effect on blood pressure, ACE activity, serum triglycerides, phagocytic index, or oxidative parameters (p > 0.05). However, urine sodium concentration and renal excretion increased linearly, while urine pH decreased quadratically with HPM inclusion (p < 0.01). Serum cholesterol decreased quadratically (p < 0.01), and LDL cholesterol was lower in dogs fed 100% HPM compared to control diet (p = 0.030). Dogs fed 100% HPM had lower IL-2 and TNF-α levels than dogs fed other diets (p < 0.05), and their IL-6 and IL-10 levels were lower than those of dogs fed 25% and 50% HPM (p < 0.05). Faecal IgA increased linearly, with the highest value observed in dogs fed 100% HPM (p = 0.048). In conclusion, HPM intake modulated serum cytokines and faecal IgA concentrations, suggesting an impact on inflammatory and immune responses, while also increasing renal sodium excretion and reducing serum cholesterol. These physiological effects warrant further exploration in dogs with specific disease conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":14942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148030651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","volume":"110 3","pages":"i-iii"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148078104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}